py/tools/ghost.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright 2015 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
# found in the LICENSE file.

import argparse
import contextlib
import ctypes
import ctypes.util
import fcntl
import hashlib
import json
import logging
import os
import platform
import Queue
import re
import select
import signal
import socket
import ssl
import struct
import subprocess
import sys
import termios
import threading
import time
import traceback
import tty
import urllib2
import uuid

import jsonrpclib
from jsonrpclib.SimpleJSONRPCServer import SimpleJSONRPCServer


_GHOST_RPC_PORT = int(os.getenv('GHOST_RPC_PORT', 4499))

_OVERLORD_PORT = int(os.getenv('OVERLORD_PORT', 4455))
_OVERLORD_LAN_DISCOVERY_PORT = int(os.getenv('OVERLORD_LD_PORT', 4456))
_OVERLORD_HTTP_PORT = int(os.getenv('OVERLORD_HTTP_PORT', 9000))

_BUFSIZE = 8192
_RETRY_INTERVAL = 2
_SEPARATOR = '\r\n'
_PING_TIMEOUT = 3
_PING_INTERVAL = 5
_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECS = 60
_SHELL = os.getenv('SHELL', '/bin/bash')
_DEFAULT_BIND_ADDRESS = 'localhost'

_CONTROL_START = 128
_CONTROL_END = 129

_BLOCK_SIZE = 4096
_CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 3

# Stream control
_STDIN_CLOSED = '##STDIN_CLOSED##'

SUCCESS = 'success'
FAILED = 'failed'
DISCONNECTED = 'disconnected'


class PingTimeoutError(Exception):
  pass


class RequestError(Exception):
  pass


class BufferedSocket(object):
  """A buffered socket that supports unrecv.

  Allow putting back data back to the socket for the next recv() call.
  """
  def __init__(self, sock):
    self.sock = sock
    self._buf = ''

  def fileno(self):
    return self.sock.fileno()

  def Recv(self, bufsize, flags=0):
    if self._buf:
      if len(self._buf) >= bufsize:
        ret = self._buf[:bufsize]
        self._buf = self._buf[bufsize:]
        return ret
      else:
        ret = self._buf
        self._buf = ''
        return ret + self.sock.recv(bufsize - len(ret), flags)
    else:
      return self.sock.recv(bufsize, flags)

  def UnRecv(self, buf):
    self._buf = buf + self._buf

  def Send(self, *args, **kwargs):
    return self.sock.send(*args, **kwargs)

  def RecvBuf(self):
    """Only recive from buffer."""
    ret = self._buf
    self._buf = ''
    return ret

  def Close(self):
    self.sock.close()


class TLSSettings(object):
  def __init__(self, tls_cert_file, verify):
    """Constructor.

    Args:
      tls_cert_file: TLS certificate in PEM format.
      enable_tls_without_verify: enable TLS but don't verify certificate.
    """
    self._enabled = False
    self._tls_cert_file = tls_cert_file
    self._verify = verify
    self._tls_context = None

  def _UpdateContext(self):
    if not self._enabled:
      self._tls_context = None
      return

    self._tls_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
    self._tls_context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED

    if self._verify:
      if self._tls_cert_file:
        self._tls_context.check_hostname = True
        try:
          self._tls_context.load_verify_locations(self._tls_cert_file)
          logging.info('TLSSettings: using user-supplied ca-certificate')
        except IOError as e:
          logging.error('TLSSettings: %s: %s', self._tls_cert_file, e)
          sys.exit(1)
      else:
        self._tls_context = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH)
        logging.info('TLSSettings: using built-in ca-certificates')
    else:
      self._tls_context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
      logging.info('TLSSettings: skipping TLS verification!!!')

  def SetEnabled(self, enabled):
    logging.info('TLSSettings: enabled: %s', enabled)

    if self._enabled != enabled:
      self._enabled = enabled
      self._UpdateContext()

  def Enabled(self):
    return self._enabled

  def Context(self):
    return self._tls_context


class Ghost(object):
  """Ghost implements the client protocol of Overlord.

  Ghost provide terminal/shell/logcat functionality and manages the client
  side connectivity.
  """
  NONE, AGENT, TERMINAL, SHELL, LOGCAT, FILE, FORWARD = range(7)

  MODE_NAME = {
      NONE: 'NONE',
      AGENT: 'Agent',
      TERMINAL: 'Terminal',
      SHELL: 'Shell',
      LOGCAT: 'Logcat',
      FILE: 'File',
      FORWARD: 'Forward'
      }

  RANDOM_MID = '##random_mid##'

  def __init__(self, overlord_addrs, tls_settings=None, mode=AGENT, mid=None,
               sid=None, prop_file=None, terminal_sid=None, tty_device=None,
               command=None, file_op=None, port=None, tls_mode=None):
    """Constructor.

    Args:
      overlord_addrs: a list of possible address of overlord.
      tls_settings: a TLSSetting object.
      mode: client mode, either AGENT, SHELL or LOGCAT
      mid: a str to set for machine ID. If mid equals Ghost.RANDOM_MID, machine
        id is randomly generated.
      sid: session ID. If the connection is requested by overlord, sid should
        be set to the corresponding session id assigned by overlord.
      prop_file: properties file filename.
      terminal_sid: the terminal session ID associate with this client. This is
        use for file download.
      tty_device: the terminal device to open, if tty_device is None, as pseudo
        terminal will be opened instead.
      command: the command to execute when we are in SHELL mode.
      file_op: a tuple (action, filepath, perm). action is either 'download' or
        'upload'. perm is the permission to set for the file.
      port: port number to forward.
      tls_mode: can be [True, False, None]. if not None, skip detection of
        TLS and assume whether server use TLS or not.
    """
    assert mode in [Ghost.AGENT, Ghost.TERMINAL, Ghost.SHELL, Ghost.FILE,
                    Ghost.FORWARD]
    if mode == Ghost.SHELL:
      assert command is not None
    if mode == Ghost.FILE:
      assert file_op is not None

    self._platform = platform.system()
    self._overlord_addrs = overlord_addrs
    self._connected_addr = None
    self._tls_settings = tls_settings
    self._mid = mid
    self._sock = None
    self._mode = mode
    self._machine_id = self.GetMachineID()
    self._session_id = sid if sid is not None else str(uuid.uuid4())
    self._terminal_session_id = terminal_sid
    self._ttyname_to_sid = {}
    self._terminal_sid_to_pid = {}
    self._prop_file = prop_file
    self._properties = {}
    self._register_status = DISCONNECTED
    self._reset = threading.Event()
    self._tls_mode = tls_mode

    # RPC
    self._requests = {}
    self._queue = Queue.Queue()

    # Protocol specific
    self._last_ping = 0
    self._tty_device = tty_device
    self._shell_command = command
    self._file_op = file_op
    self._download_queue = Queue.Queue()
    self._port = port

  def SetIgnoreChild(self, status):
    # Only ignore child for Agent since only it could spawn child Ghost.
    if self._mode == Ghost.AGENT:
      signal.signal(signal.SIGCHLD,
                    signal.SIG_IGN if status else signal.SIG_DFL)

  def GetFileSha1(self, filename):
    with open(filename, 'r') as f:
      return hashlib.sha1(f.read()).hexdigest()

  def TLSEnabled(self, host, port):
    """Determine if TLS is enabled on given server address."""
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    try:
      # Allow any certificate since we only want to check if server talks TLS.
      context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
      context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE

      sock = context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=host)
      sock.settimeout(_CONNECT_TIMEOUT)
      sock.connect((host, port))
      return True
    except ssl.SSLError:
      return False
    except socket.error:  # Connect refused or timeout
      raise
    except Exception:
      return False  # For whatever reason above failed, assume False

  def Upgrade(self):
    logging.info('Upgrade: initiating upgrade sequence...')

    try:
      https_enabled = self.TLSEnabled(self._connected_addr[0],
                                      _OVERLORD_HTTP_PORT)
    except socket.error:
      logging.error('Upgrade: failed to connect to Overlord HTTP server, '
                    'abort')
      return

    if self._tls_settings.Enabled() and not https_enabled:
      logging.error('Upgrade: TLS enforced but found Overlord HTTP server '
                    'without TLS enabled! Possible mis-configuration or '
                    'DNS/IP spoofing detected, abort')
      return

    scriptpath = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])
    url = 'http%s://%s:%d/upgrade/ghost.py' % (
        's' if https_enabled else '', self._connected_addr[0],
        _OVERLORD_HTTP_PORT)

    # Download sha1sum for ghost.py for verification
    try:
      with contextlib.closing(
          urllib2.urlopen(url + '.sha1', timeout=_CONNECT_TIMEOUT,
                          context=self._tls_settings.Context())) as f:
        if f.getcode() != 200:
          raise RuntimeError('HTTP status %d' % f.getcode())
        sha1sum = f.read().strip()
    except (ssl.SSLError, ssl.CertificateError) as e:
      logging.error('Upgrade: %s: %s', e.__class__.__name__, e)
      return
    except Exception:
      logging.error('Upgrade: failed to download sha1sum file, abort')
      return

    if self.GetFileSha1(scriptpath) == sha1sum:
      logging.info('Upgrade: ghost is already up-to-date, skipping upgrade')
      return

    # Download upgrade version of ghost.py
    try:
      with contextlib.closing(
          urllib2.urlopen(url, timeout=_CONNECT_TIMEOUT,
                          context=self._tls_settings.Context())) as f:
        if f.getcode() != 200:
          raise RuntimeError('HTTP status %d' % f.getcode())
        data = f.read()
    except (ssl.SSLError, ssl.CertificateError) as e:
      logging.error('Upgrade: %s: %s', e.__class__.__name__, e)
      return
    except Exception:
      logging.error('Upgrade: failed to download upgrade, abort')
      return

    # Compare SHA1 sum
    if hashlib.sha1(data).hexdigest() != sha1sum:
      logging.error('Upgrade: sha1sum mismatch, abort')
      return

    try:
      with open(scriptpath, 'w') as f:
        f.write(data)
    except Exception:
      logging.error('Upgrade: failed to write upgrade onto disk, abort')
      return

    logging.info('Upgrade: restarting ghost...')
    self.CloseSockets()
    self.SetIgnoreChild(False)
    os.execve(scriptpath, [scriptpath] + sys.argv[1:], os.environ)

  def LoadProperties(self):
    try:
      if self._prop_file:
        with open(self._prop_file, 'r') as f:
          self._properties = json.loads(f.read())
    except Exception as e:
      logging.error('LoadProperties: ' + str(e))

  def CloseSockets(self):
    # Close sockets opened by parent process, since we don't use it anymore.
    if self._platform == 'Linux':
      for fd in os.listdir('/proc/self/fd/'):
        try:
          real_fd = os.readlink('/proc/self/fd/%s' % fd)
          if real_fd.startswith('socket'):
            os.close(int(fd))
        except Exception:
          pass

  def SpawnGhost(self, mode, sid=None, terminal_sid=None, tty_device=None,
                 command=None, file_op=None, port=None):
    """Spawn a child ghost with specific mode.

    Returns:
      The spawned child process pid.
    """
    # Restore the default signal handler, so our child won't have problems.
    self.SetIgnoreChild(False)

    pid = os.fork()
    if pid == 0:
      self.CloseSockets()
      g = Ghost([self._connected_addr], tls_settings=self._tls_settings,
                mode=mode, mid=Ghost.RANDOM_MID, sid=sid,
                terminal_sid=terminal_sid, tty_device=tty_device,
                command=command, file_op=file_op, port=port)
      g.Start()
      sys.exit(0)
    else:
      self.SetIgnoreChild(True)
      return pid

  def Timestamp(self):
    return int(time.time())

  def GetGateWayIP(self):
    if self._platform == 'Darwin':
      output = subprocess.check_output(['route', '-n', 'get', 'default'])
      ret = re.search('gateway: (.*)', output)
      if ret:
        return [ret.group(1)]
    elif self._platform == 'Linux':
      with open('/proc/net/route', 'r') as f:
        lines = f.readlines()

      ips = []
      for line in lines:
        parts = line.split('\t')
        if parts[2] == '00000000':
          continue

        try:
          h = parts[2].decode('hex')
          ips.append('%d.%d.%d.%d' % tuple(ord(x) for x in reversed(h)))
        except TypeError:
          pass

      return ips
    else:
      logging.warning('GetGateWayIP: unsupported platform')
      return []

  def GetShopfloorIP(self):
    try:
      import factory_common  # pylint: disable=unused-variable
      from cros.factory.test import shopfloor

      url = shopfloor.get_server_url()
      match = re.match(r'^https?://(.*):.*$', url)
      if match:
        return [match.group(1)]
    except Exception:
      pass
    return []

  def GetMachineID(self):
    """Generates machine-dependent ID string for a machine.
    There are many ways to generate a machine ID:
    Linux:
      1. factory device_id
      2. factory device-data
      3. /sys/class/dmi/id/product_uuid (only available on intel machines)
      4. MAC address
      We follow the listed order to generate machine ID, and fallback to the
      next alternative if the previous doesn't work.

    Darwin:
      All Darwin system should have the IOPlatformSerialNumber attribute.
    """
    if self._mid == Ghost.RANDOM_MID:
      return str(uuid.uuid4())
    elif self._mid:
      return self._mid

    # Darwin
    if self._platform == 'Darwin':
      output = subprocess.check_output(['ioreg', '-rd1', '-c',
                                        'IOPlatformExpertDevice'])
      ret = re.search('"IOPlatformSerialNumber" = "(.*)"', output)
      if ret:
        return ret.group(1)

    # Try factory device id
    try:
      import factory_common  # pylint: disable=unused-variable
      from cros.factory.test import event_log
      with open(event_log.DEVICE_ID_PATH) as f:
        return f.read().strip()
    except Exception:
      pass

    # Try factory device data
    try:
      import factory_common  # pylint: disable=unused-variable
      from cros.factory.test import state
      mlb_serial_number = state.GetSerialNumber(state.KEY_MLB_SERIAL_NUMBER)
      if mlb_serial_number:
        return mlb_serial_number
    except Exception:
      pass

    # Try DMI product UUID
    try:
      with open('/sys/class/dmi/id/product_uuid', 'r') as f:
        return f.read().strip()
    except Exception:
      pass

    # Use MAC address if non is available
    try:
      macs = []
      ifaces = sorted(os.listdir('/sys/class/net'))
      for iface in ifaces:
        if iface == 'lo':
          continue

        with open('/sys/class/net/%s/address' % iface, 'r') as f:
          macs.append(f.read().strip())

      return ';'.join(macs)
    except Exception:
      pass

    raise RuntimeError("can't generate machine ID")

  def GetProcessWorkingDirectory(self, pid):
    if self._platform == 'Linux':
      return os.readlink('/proc/%d/cwd' % pid)
    elif self._platform == 'Darwin':
      PROC_PIDVNODEPATHINFO = 9
      proc_vnodepathinfo_size = 2352
      vid_path_offset = 152

      proc = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(ctypes.util.find_library('libproc'))
      buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer('\0' * proc_vnodepathinfo_size)
      proc.proc_pidinfo(pid, PROC_PIDVNODEPATHINFO, 0,
                        ctypes.byref(buf), proc_vnodepathinfo_size)
      buf = buf.raw[vid_path_offset:]
      n = buf.index('\0')
      return buf[:n]
    else:
      raise RuntimeError('GetProcessWorkingDirectory: unsupported platform')

  def Reset(self):
    """Reset state and clear request handlers."""
    if self._sock is not None:
      self._sock.Close()
      self._sock = None
    self._reset.clear()
    self._last_ping = 0
    self._requests = {}
    self.LoadProperties()
    self._register_status = DISCONNECTED

  def SendMessage(self, msg):
    """Serialize the message and send it through the socket."""
    self._sock.Send(json.dumps(msg) + _SEPARATOR)

  def SendRequest(self, name, args, handler=None,
                  timeout=_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECS):
    if handler and not callable(handler):
      raise RequestError('Invalid request handler for msg "%s"' % name)

    rid = str(uuid.uuid4())
    msg = {'rid': rid, 'timeout': timeout, 'name': name, 'params': args}
    if timeout >= 0:
      self._requests[rid] = [self.Timestamp(), timeout, handler]
    self.SendMessage(msg)

  def SendResponse(self, omsg, status, params=None):
    msg = {'rid': omsg['rid'], 'response': status, 'params': params}
    self.SendMessage(msg)

  def HandleTTYControl(self, fd, control_str):
    msg = json.loads(control_str)
    command = msg['command']
    params = msg['params']
    if command == 'resize':
      # some error happened on websocket
      if len(params) != 2:
        return
      winsize = struct.pack('HHHH', params[0], params[1], 0, 0)
      fcntl.ioctl(fd, termios.TIOCSWINSZ, winsize)
    else:
      logging.warn('Invalid request command "%s"', command)

  def SpawnTTYServer(self, unused_var):
    """Spawn a TTY server and forward I/O to the TCP socket."""
    logging.info('SpawnTTYServer: started')

    try:
      if self._tty_device is None:
        pid, fd = os.forkpty()

        if pid == 0:
          ttyname = os.ttyname(sys.stdout.fileno())
          try:
            server = GhostRPCServer()
            server.RegisterTTY(self._session_id, ttyname)
            server.RegisterSession(self._session_id, os.getpid())
          except Exception:
            # If ghost is launched without RPC server, the call will fail but we
            # can ignore it.
            pass

          # The directory that contains the current running ghost script
          script_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0]))

          env = os.environ.copy()
          env['USER'] = os.getenv('USER', 'root')
          env['HOME'] = os.getenv('HOME', '/root')
          env['PATH'] = os.getenv('PATH') + ':%s' % script_dir
          os.chdir(env['HOME'])
          os.execve(_SHELL, [_SHELL], env)
      else:
        fd = os.open(self._tty_device, os.O_RDWR)
        tty.setraw(fd)
        attr = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
        attr[0] &= ~(termios.IXON | termios.IXOFF)
        attr[2] |= termios.CLOCAL
        attr[2] &= ~termios.CRTSCTS
        attr[4] = termios.B115200
        attr[5] = termios.B115200
        termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSANOW, attr)

      nonlocals = {'control_state': None, 'control_str': ''}

      def _ProcessBuffer(buf):
        write_buffer = ''
        while buf:
          if nonlocals['control_state']:
            if chr(_CONTROL_END) in buf:
              index = buf.index(chr(_CONTROL_END))
              nonlocals['control_str'] += buf[:index]
              self.HandleTTYControl(fd, nonlocals['control_str'])
              nonlocals['control_state'] = None
              nonlocals['control_str'] = ''
              buf = buf[index+1:]
            else:
              nonlocals['control_str'] += buf
              buf = ''
          else:
            if chr(_CONTROL_START) in buf:
              nonlocals['control_state'] = _CONTROL_START
              index = buf.index(chr(_CONTROL_START))
              write_buffer += buf[:index]
              buf = buf[index+1:]
            else:
              write_buffer += buf
              buf = ''

        if write_buffer:
          os.write(fd, write_buffer)

      _ProcessBuffer(self._sock.RecvBuf())

      while True:
        rd, unused_wd, unused_xd = select.select([self._sock, fd], [], [])

        if fd in rd:
          self._sock.Send(os.read(fd, _BUFSIZE))

        if self._sock in rd:
          buf = self._sock.Recv(_BUFSIZE)
          if not buf:
            raise RuntimeError('connection terminated')
          _ProcessBuffer(buf)
    except Exception as e:
      logging.error('SpawnTTYServer: %s', e)
    finally:
      self._sock.Close()

    logging.info('SpawnTTYServer: terminated')
    sys.exit(0)

  def SpawnShellServer(self, unused_var):
    """Spawn a shell server and forward input/output from/to the TCP socket."""
    logging.info('SpawnShellServer: started')

    # Add ghost executable to PATH
    script_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0]))
    env = os.environ.copy()
    env['PATH'] = '%s:%s' % (script_dir, os.getenv('PATH'))

    # Execute shell command from HOME directory
    os.chdir(os.getenv('HOME', '/tmp'))

    p = subprocess.Popen(self._shell_command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                         shell=True, env=env)

    def make_non_block(fd):
      fl = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFL)
      fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, fl | os.O_NONBLOCK)

    make_non_block(p.stdout)
    make_non_block(p.stderr)

    try:
      p.stdin.write(self._sock.RecvBuf())

      while True:
        rd, unused_wd, unused_xd = select.select(
            [p.stdout, p.stderr, self._sock], [], [])
        if p.stdout in rd:
          self._sock.Send(p.stdout.read(_BUFSIZE))

        if p.stderr in rd:
          self._sock.Send(p.stderr.read(_BUFSIZE))

        if self._sock in rd:
          ret = self._sock.Recv(_BUFSIZE)
          if not ret:
            raise RuntimeError('connection terminated')

          try:
            idx = ret.index(_STDIN_CLOSED * 2)
            p.stdin.write(ret[:idx])
            p.stdin.close()
          except ValueError:
            p.stdin.write(ret)
        p.poll()
        if p.returncode != None:
          break
    except Exception as e:
      logging.error('SpawnShellServer: %s', e)
    finally:
      # Check if the process is terminated. If not, Send SIGTERM to process,
      # then wait for 1 second. Send another SIGKILL to make sure the process is
      # terminated.
      p.poll()
      if p.returncode is None:
        try:
          p.terminate()
          time.sleep(1)
          p.kill()
        except Exception:
          pass

      p.wait()
      self._sock.Close()

    logging.info('SpawnShellServer: terminated')
    sys.exit(0)

  def InitiateFileOperation(self, unused_var):
    if self._file_op[0] == 'download':
      try:
        size = os.stat(self._file_op[1]).st_size
      except OSError as e:
        logging.error('InitiateFileOperation: download: %s', e)
        sys.exit(1)

      self.SendRequest('request_to_download',
                       {'terminal_sid': self._terminal_session_id,
                        'filename': os.path.basename(self._file_op[1]),
                        'size': size})
    elif self._file_op[0] == 'upload':
      self.SendRequest('clear_to_upload', {}, timeout=-1)
      self.StartUploadServer()
    else:
      logging.error('InitiateFileOperation: unknown file operation, ignored')

  def StartDownloadServer(self):
    logging.info('StartDownloadServer: started')

    try:
      with open(self._file_op[1], 'rb') as f:
        while True:
          data = f.read(_BLOCK_SIZE)
          if not data:
            break
          self._sock.Send(data)
    except Exception as e:
      logging.error('StartDownloadServer: %s', e)
    finally:
      self._sock.Close()

    logging.info('StartDownloadServer: terminated')
    sys.exit(0)

  def StartUploadServer(self):
    logging.info('StartUploadServer: started')
    try:
      filepath = self._file_op[1]
      dirname = os.path.dirname(filepath)
      if not os.path.exists(dirname):
        try:
          os.makedirs(dirname)
        except Exception:
          pass

      with open(filepath, 'wb') as f:
        if self._file_op[2]:
          os.fchmod(f.fileno(), self._file_op[2])

        f.write(self._sock.RecvBuf())

        while True:
          rd, unused_wd, unused_xd = select.select([self._sock], [], [])
          if self._sock in rd:
            buf = self._sock.Recv(_BLOCK_SIZE)
            if not buf:
              break
            f.write(buf)
    except socket.error as e:
      logging.error('StartUploadServer: socket error: %s', e)
    except Exception as e:
      logging.error('StartUploadServer: %s', e)
    finally:
      self._sock.Close()

    logging.info('StartUploadServer: terminated')
    sys.exit(0)

  def SpawnPortForwardServer(self, unused_var):
    """Spawn a port forwarding server and forward I/O to the TCP socket."""
    logging.info('SpawnPortForwardServer: started')

    src_sock = None
    try:
      src_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
      src_sock.settimeout(_CONNECT_TIMEOUT)
      src_sock.connect(('localhost', self._port))

      src_sock.send(self._sock.RecvBuf())

      while True:
        rd, unused_wd, unused_xd = select.select([self._sock, src_sock], [], [])

        if self._sock in rd:
          data = self._sock.Recv(_BUFSIZE)
          if not data:
            raise RuntimeError('connection terminated')
          src_sock.send(data)

        if src_sock in rd:
          data = src_sock.recv(_BUFSIZE)
          if not data:
            break
          self._sock.Send(data)
    except Exception as e:
      logging.error('SpawnPortForwardServer: %s', e)
    finally:
      if src_sock:
        src_sock.close()
      self._sock.Close()

    logging.info('SpawnPortForwardServer: terminated')
    sys.exit(0)

  def Ping(self):
    def timeout_handler(x):
      if x is None:
        raise PingTimeoutError

    self._last_ping = self.Timestamp()
    self.SendRequest('ping', {}, timeout_handler, 5)

  def HandleFileDownloadRequest(self, msg):
    params = msg['params']
    filepath = params['filename']
    if not os.path.isabs(filepath):
      filepath = os.path.join(os.getenv('HOME', '/tmp'), filepath)

    try:
      with open(filepath, 'r') as _:
        pass
    except Exception as e:
      return self.SendResponse(msg, str(e))

    self.SpawnGhost(self.FILE, params['sid'],
                    file_op=('download', filepath))
    self.SendResponse(msg, SUCCESS)

  def HandleFileUploadRequest(self, msg):
    params = msg['params']

    # Resolve upload filepath
    filename = params['filename']
    dest_path = filename

    # If dest is specified, use it first
    dest_path = params.get('dest', '')
    if dest_path:
      if not os.path.isabs(dest_path):
        dest_path = os.path.join(os.getenv('HOME', '/tmp'), dest_path)

      if os.path.isdir(dest_path):
        dest_path = os.path.join(dest_path, filename)
    else:
      target_dir = os.getenv('HOME', '/tmp')

      # Terminal session ID found, upload to it's current working directory
      if params.has_key('terminal_sid'):
        pid = self._terminal_sid_to_pid.get(params['terminal_sid'], None)
        if pid:
          try:
            target_dir = self.GetProcessWorkingDirectory(pid)
          except Exception as e:
            logging.error(e)

      dest_path = os.path.join(target_dir, filename)

    try:
      os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(dest_path))
    except Exception:
      pass

    try:
      with open(dest_path, 'w') as _:
        pass
    except Exception as e:
      return self.SendResponse(msg, str(e))

    # If not check_only, spawn FILE mode ghost agent to handle upload
    if not params.get('check_only', False):
      self.SpawnGhost(self.FILE, params['sid'],
                      file_op=('upload', dest_path, params.get('perm', None)))
    self.SendResponse(msg, SUCCESS)

  def HandleRequest(self, msg):
    command = msg['name']
    params = msg['params']

    if command == 'upgrade':
      self.Upgrade()
    elif command == 'terminal':
      self.SpawnGhost(self.TERMINAL, params['sid'],
                      tty_device=params['tty_device'])
      self.SendResponse(msg, SUCCESS)
    elif command == 'shell':
      self.SpawnGhost(self.SHELL, params['sid'], command=params['command'])
      self.SendResponse(msg, SUCCESS)
    elif command == 'file_download':
      self.HandleFileDownloadRequest(msg)
    elif command == 'clear_to_download':
      self.StartDownloadServer()
    elif command == 'file_upload':
      self.HandleFileUploadRequest(msg)
    elif command == 'forward':
      self.SpawnGhost(self.FORWARD, params['sid'], port=params['port'])
      self.SendResponse(msg, SUCCESS)

  def HandleResponse(self, response):
    rid = str(response['rid'])
    if rid in self._requests:
      handler = self._requests[rid][2]
      del self._requests[rid]
      if callable(handler):
        handler(response)
    else:
      logging.warning('Received unsolicited response, ignored')

  def ParseMessage(self, buf, single=True):
    if single:
      try:
        index = buf.index(_SEPARATOR)
      except ValueError:
        self._sock.UnRecv(buf)
        return

      msgs_json = [buf[:index]]
      self._sock.UnRecv(buf[index + 2:])
    else:
      msgs_json = buf.split(_SEPARATOR)
      self._sock.UnRecv(msgs_json.pop())

    for msg_json in msgs_json:
      try:
        msg = json.loads(msg_json)
      except ValueError:
        # Ignore mal-formed message.
        logging.error('mal-formed JSON request, ignored')
        continue

      if 'name' in msg:
        self.HandleRequest(msg)
      elif 'response' in msg:
        self.HandleResponse(msg)
      else:  # Ingnore mal-formed message.
        logging.error('mal-formed JSON request, ignored')

  def ScanForTimeoutRequests(self):
    """Scans for pending requests which have timed out.

    If any timed-out requests are discovered, their handler is called with the
    special response value of None.
    """
    for rid in self._requests.keys()[:]:
      request_time, timeout, handler = self._requests[rid]
      if self.Timestamp() - request_time > timeout:
        if callable(handler):
          handler(None)
        else:
          logging.error('Request %s timeout', rid)
        del self._requests[rid]

  def InitiateDownload(self):
    ttyname, filename = self._download_queue.get()
    sid = self._ttyname_to_sid[ttyname]
    self.SpawnGhost(self.FILE, terminal_sid=sid,
                    file_op=('download', filename))

  def Listen(self):
    try:
      while True:
        rds, unused_wd, unused_xd = select.select([self._sock], [], [],
                                                  _PING_INTERVAL / 2)

        if self._sock in rds:
          data = self._sock.Recv(_BUFSIZE)

          # Socket is closed
          if not data:
            break

          self.ParseMessage(data, self._register_status != SUCCESS)

        if (self._mode == self.AGENT and
            self.Timestamp() - self._last_ping > _PING_INTERVAL):
          self.Ping()
        self.ScanForTimeoutRequests()

        if not self._download_queue.empty():
          self.InitiateDownload()

        if self._reset.is_set():
          break
    except socket.error:
      raise RuntimeError('Connection dropped')
    except PingTimeoutError:
      raise RuntimeError('Connection timeout')
    finally:
      self.Reset()

    self._queue.put('resume')

    if self._mode != Ghost.AGENT:
      sys.exit(1)

  def Register(self):
    non_local = {}
    for addr in self._overlord_addrs:
      non_local['addr'] = addr
      def registered(response):
        if response is None:
          self._reset.set()
          raise RuntimeError('Register request timeout')

        self._register_status = response['response']
        if response['response'] != SUCCESS:
          self._reset.set()
          raise RuntimeError('Register: ' + response['response'])
        else:
          logging.info('Registered with Overlord at %s:%d', *non_local['addr'])
          self._connected_addr = non_local['addr']
          self.Upgrade()  # Check for upgrade
          self._queue.put('pause', True)

      try:
        logging.info('Trying %s:%d ...', *addr)
        self.Reset()

        # Check if server has TLS enabled. Only check if self._tls_mode is
        # None.
        # Only control channel needs to determine if TLS is enabled. Other mode
        # should use the TLSSettings passed in when it was spawned.
        if self._mode == Ghost.AGENT:
          self._tls_settings.SetEnabled(
              self.TLSEnabled(*addr) if self._tls_mode is None
              else self._tls_mode)

        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        sock.settimeout(_CONNECT_TIMEOUT)

        try:
          if self._tls_settings.Enabled():
            tls_context = self._tls_settings.Context()
            sock = tls_context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=addr[0])

          sock.connect(addr)
        except (ssl.SSLError, ssl.CertificateError) as e:
          logging.error('%s: %s', e.__class__.__name__, e)
          continue
        except IOError as e:
          if e.errno == 2:  # No such file or directory
            logging.error('%s: %s', e.__class__.__name__, e)
            continue
          raise

        self._sock = BufferedSocket(sock)

        logging.info('Connection established, registering...')
        handler = {
            Ghost.AGENT: registered,
            Ghost.TERMINAL: self.SpawnTTYServer,
            Ghost.SHELL: self.SpawnShellServer,
            Ghost.FILE: self.InitiateFileOperation,
            Ghost.FORWARD: self.SpawnPortForwardServer,
            }[self._mode]

        # Machine ID may change if MAC address is used (USB-ethernet dongle
        # plugged/unplugged)
        self._machine_id = self.GetMachineID()
        self.SendRequest('register',
                         {'mode': self._mode, 'mid': self._machine_id,
                          'sid': self._session_id,
                          'properties': self._properties}, handler)
      except socket.error:
        pass
      else:
        sock.settimeout(None)
        self.Listen()

    raise RuntimeError('Cannot connect to any server')

  def Reconnect(self):
    logging.info('Received reconnect request from RPC server, reconnecting...')
    self._reset.set()

  def GetStatus(self):
    return self._register_status

  def AddToDownloadQueue(self, ttyname, filename):
    self._download_queue.put((ttyname, filename))

  def RegisterTTY(self, session_id, ttyname):
    self._ttyname_to_sid[ttyname] = session_id

  def RegisterSession(self, session_id, process_id):
    self._terminal_sid_to_pid[session_id] = process_id

  def StartLanDiscovery(self):
    """Start to listen to LAN discovery packet at
    _OVERLORD_LAN_DISCOVERY_PORT."""

    def thread_func():
      s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
      s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
      s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
      try:
        s.bind(('0.0.0.0', _OVERLORD_LAN_DISCOVERY_PORT))
      except socket.error as e:
        logging.error('LAN discovery: %s, abort', e)
        return

      logging.info('LAN Discovery: started')
      while True:
        rd, unused_wd, unused_xd = select.select([s], [], [], 1)

        if s in rd:
          data, source_addr = s.recvfrom(_BUFSIZE)
          parts = data.split()
          if parts[0] == 'OVERLORD':
            ip, port = parts[1].split(':')
            if not ip:
              ip = source_addr[0]
            self._queue.put((ip, int(port)), True)

        try:
          obj = self._queue.get(False)
        except Queue.Empty:
          pass
        else:
          if not isinstance(obj, str):
            self._queue.put(obj)
          elif obj == 'pause':
            logging.info('LAN Discovery: paused')
            while obj != 'resume':
              obj = self._queue.get(True)
            logging.info('LAN Discovery: resumed')

    t = threading.Thread(target=thread_func)
    t.daemon = True
    t.start()

  def StartRPCServer(self):
    logging.info('RPC Server: started')
    rpc_server = SimpleJSONRPCServer((_DEFAULT_BIND_ADDRESS, _GHOST_RPC_PORT),
                                     logRequests=False)
    rpc_server.register_function(self.Reconnect, 'Reconnect')
    rpc_server.register_function(self.GetStatus, 'GetStatus')
    rpc_server.register_function(self.RegisterTTY, 'RegisterTTY')
    rpc_server.register_function(self.RegisterSession, 'RegisterSession')
    rpc_server.register_function(self.AddToDownloadQueue, 'AddToDownloadQueue')
    t = threading.Thread(target=rpc_server.serve_forever)
    t.daemon = True
    t.start()

  def ScanServer(self):
    for meth in [self.GetGateWayIP, self.GetShopfloorIP]:
      for addr in [(x, _OVERLORD_PORT) for x in meth()]:
        if addr not in self._overlord_addrs:
          self._overlord_addrs.append(addr)

  def Start(self, lan_disc=False, rpc_server=False):
    logging.info('%s started', self.MODE_NAME[self._mode])
    logging.info('MID: %s', self._machine_id)
    logging.info('SID: %s', self._session_id)

    # We don't care about child process's return code, not wait is needed.  This
    # is used to prevent zombie process from lingering in the system.
    self.SetIgnoreChild(True)

    if lan_disc:
      self.StartLanDiscovery()

    if rpc_server:
      self.StartRPCServer()

    try:
      while True:
        try:
          addr = self._queue.get(False)
        except Queue.Empty:
          pass
        else:
          if isinstance(addr, tuple) and addr not in self._overlord_addrs:
            logging.info('LAN Discovery: got overlord address %s:%d', *addr)
            self._overlord_addrs.append(addr)

        try:
          self.ScanServer()
          self.Register()
        # Don't show stack trace for RuntimeError, which we use in this file for
        # plausible and expected errors (such as can't connect to server).
        except RuntimeError as e:
          logging.info('%s, retrying in %ds', e.message, _RETRY_INTERVAL)
          time.sleep(_RETRY_INTERVAL)
        except Exception as e:
          unused_x, unused_y, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
          traceback.print_tb(exc_traceback)
          logging.info('%s: %s, retrying in %ds',
                       e.__class__.__name__, e.message, _RETRY_INTERVAL)
          time.sleep(_RETRY_INTERVAL)

        self.Reset()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
      logging.error('Received keyboard interrupt, quit')
      sys.exit(0)


def GhostRPCServer():
  """Returns handler to Ghost's JSON RPC server."""
  return jsonrpclib.Server('http://localhost:%d' % _GHOST_RPC_PORT)


def ForkToBackground():
  """Fork process to run in background."""
  pid = os.fork()
  if pid != 0:
    logging.info('Ghost(%d) running in background.', pid)
    sys.exit(0)


def DownloadFile(filename):
  """Initiate a client-initiated file download."""
  filepath = os.path.abspath(filename)
  if not os.path.exists(filepath):
    logging.error('file `%s\' does not exist', filename)
    sys.exit(1)

  # Check if we actually have permission to read the file
  if not os.access(filepath, os.R_OK):
    logging.error('can not open %s for reading', filepath)
    sys.exit(1)

  server = GhostRPCServer()
  server.AddToDownloadQueue(os.ttyname(0), filepath)
  sys.exit(0)


def main():
  # Setup logging format
  logger = logging.getLogger()
  logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
  handler = logging.StreamHandler()
  formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(message)s', '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S')
  handler.setFormatter(formatter)
  logger.addHandler(handler)

  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
  parser.add_argument('--fork', dest='fork', action='store_true', default=False,
                      help='fork procecess to run in background')
  parser.add_argument('--mid', metavar='MID', dest='mid', action='store',
                      default=None, help='use MID as machine ID')
  parser.add_argument('--rand-mid', dest='mid', action='store_const',
                      const=Ghost.RANDOM_MID, help='use random machine ID')
  parser.add_argument('--no-lan-disc', dest='lan_disc', action='store_false',
                      default=True, help='disable LAN discovery')
  parser.add_argument('--no-rpc-server', dest='rpc_server',
                      action='store_false', default=True,
                      help='disable RPC server')
  parser.add_argument('--tls', dest='tls_mode', default='detect',
                      choices=('y', 'n', 'detect'),
                      help="specify 'y' or 'n' to force enable/disable TLS")
  parser.add_argument('--tls-cert-file', metavar='TLS_CERT_FILE',
                      dest='tls_cert_file', type=str, default=None,
                      help='file containing the server TLS certificate in PEM '
                           'format')
  parser.add_argument('--tls-no-verify', dest='tls_no_verify',
                      action='store_true', default=False,
                      help='do not verify certificate if TLS is enabled')
  parser.add_argument('--prop-file', metavar='PROP_FILE', dest='prop_file',
                      type=str, default=None,
                      help='file containing the JSON representation of client '
                           'properties')
  parser.add_argument('--download', metavar='FILE', dest='download', type=str,
                      default=None, help='file to download')
  parser.add_argument('--reset', dest='reset', default=False,
                      action='store_true',
                      help='reset ghost and reload all configs')
  parser.add_argument('overlord_ip', metavar='OVERLORD_IP', type=str,
                      nargs='*', help='overlord server address')
  args = parser.parse_args()

  if args.fork:
    ForkToBackground()

  if args.reset:
    GhostRPCServer().Reconnect()
    sys.exit()

  if args.download:
    DownloadFile(args.download)

  addrs = [('localhost', _OVERLORD_PORT)]
  addrs = [(x, _OVERLORD_PORT) for x in args.overlord_ip] + addrs

  prop_file = os.path.abspath(args.prop_file) if args.prop_file else None

  tls_settings = TLSSettings(args.tls_cert_file, not args.tls_no_verify)
  tls_mode = args.tls_mode
  tls_mode = {'y': True, 'n': False, 'detect': None}[tls_mode]
  g = Ghost(addrs, tls_settings, Ghost.AGENT, args.mid,
            prop_file=prop_file, tls_mode=tls_mode)
  g.Start(args.lan_disc, args.rpc_server)


if __name__ == '__main__':
  try:
    main()
  except Exception as e:
    logging.error(e)