src/VulkanSample.cpp

//
// Copyright (c) 2017 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
//

#define NOMINMAX
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <Windows.h>

#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR
#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>

#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"

#define MATHFU_COMPILE_WITHOUT_SIMD_SUPPORT
#include <mathfu/glsl_mappings.h>
#include <mathfu/constants.h>

#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <memory>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <array>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>

#include <cmath>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>

#define ERR_GUARD_VULKAN(Expr) do { VkResult res__ = (Expr); if (res__ < 0) assert(0); } while(0)

static const char* const SHADER_PATH1 = "./";
static const char* const SHADER_PATH2 = "../bin/";
static const wchar_t* const WINDOW_CLASS_NAME = L"VULKAN_MEMORY_ALLOCATOR_SAMPLE";
static const char* const VALIDATION_LAYER_NAME = "VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation";
static const char* const APP_TITLE_A =     "Vulkan Memory Allocator Sample 1.0";
static const wchar_t* const APP_TITLE_W = L"Vulkan Memory Allocator Sample 1.0";

static const bool VSYNC = true;
static const uint32_t COMMAND_BUFFER_COUNT = 2;

static bool g_EnableValidationLayer = true;

static HINSTANCE g_hAppInstance;
static HWND g_hWnd;
static LONG g_SizeX = 1280, g_SizeY = 720;
static VkInstance g_hVulkanInstance;
static VkSurfaceKHR g_hSurface;
static VkPhysicalDevice g_hPhysicalDevice;
static VkQueue g_hPresentQueue;
static VkSurfaceFormatKHR g_SurfaceFormat;
static VkExtent2D g_Extent;
static VkSwapchainKHR g_hSwapchain;
static std::vector<VkImage> g_SwapchainImages;
static std::vector<VkImageView> g_SwapchainImageViews;
static std::vector<VkFramebuffer> g_Framebuffers;
static VkCommandPool g_hCommandPool;
static VkCommandBuffer g_MainCommandBuffers[COMMAND_BUFFER_COUNT];
static VkFence g_MainCommandBufferExecutedFances[COMMAND_BUFFER_COUNT];
static uint32_t g_NextCommandBufferIndex;
static VkSemaphore g_hImageAvailableSemaphore;
static VkSemaphore g_hRenderFinishedSemaphore;
static uint32_t g_GraphicsQueueFamilyIndex = UINT_MAX;
static uint32_t g_PresentQueueFamilyIndex = UINT_MAX;
static VkDescriptorSetLayout g_hDescriptorSetLayout;
static VkDescriptorPool g_hDescriptorPool;
static VkDescriptorSet g_hDescriptorSet; // Automatically destroyed with m_DescriptorPool.
static VkSampler g_hSampler;
static VkFormat g_DepthFormat;
static VkImage g_hDepthImage;
static VkImageView g_hDepthImageView;

static VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR g_SurfaceCapabilities;
static std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> g_SurfaceFormats;
static std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> g_PresentModes;

static PFN_vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT g_pvkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT;
static PFN_vkDebugReportMessageEXT g_pvkDebugReportMessageEXT;
static PFN_vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT g_pvkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT;
static VkDebugReportCallbackEXT g_hCallback;

static VkDevice g_hDevice;
static VmaAllocator g_hAllocator;
static VkQueue g_hGraphicsQueue;
static VkCommandBuffer g_hTemporaryCommandBuffer;

static VkPipelineLayout g_hPipelineLayout;
static VkRenderPass g_hRenderPass;
static VkPipeline g_hPipeline;

static VkBuffer g_hVertexBuffer;
static VkBuffer g_hIndexBuffer;
static uint32_t g_VertexCount;
static uint32_t g_IndexCount;

static VkImage g_hTextureImage;
static VkImageView g_hTextureImageView;

static void BeginSingleTimeCommands()
{
    VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufBeginInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO };
    cmdBufBeginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkBeginCommandBuffer(g_hTemporaryCommandBuffer, &cmdBufBeginInfo) );
}

static void EndSingleTimeCommands()
{
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkEndCommandBuffer(g_hTemporaryCommandBuffer) );

    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO };
    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &g_hTemporaryCommandBuffer;

    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkQueueSubmit(g_hGraphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE) );
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkQueueWaitIdle(g_hGraphicsQueue) );
}

static void LoadShader(std::vector<char>& out, const char* fileName)
{
    std::ifstream file(std::string(SHADER_PATH1) + fileName, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);
    if(file.is_open() == false)
        file.open(std::string(SHADER_PATH2) + fileName, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);
    assert(file.is_open());
    size_t fileSize = (size_t)file.tellg();
    if(fileSize > 0)
    {
        out.resize(fileSize);
        file.seekg(0);
        file.read(out.data(), fileSize);
        file.close();
    }
    else
        out.clear();
}

VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL MyDebugReportCallback(
    VkDebugReportFlagsEXT flags,
    VkDebugReportObjectTypeEXT objectType,
    uint64_t object,
    size_t location,
    int32_t messageCode,
    const char* pLayerPrefix,
    const char* pMessage,
    void* pUserData)
{
    printf("%s \xBA %s\n", pLayerPrefix, pMessage);

    if((flags == VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT) ||
        (flags == VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT))
    {
        OutputDebugStringA(pMessage);
        OutputDebugStringA("\n");
    }

    return VK_FALSE;
}

static VkSurfaceFormatKHR ChooseSurfaceFormat()
{
    assert(!g_SurfaceFormats.empty());

    if((g_SurfaceFormats.size() == 1) && (g_SurfaceFormats[0].format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED))
    {
        VkSurfaceFormatKHR result = { VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR };
        return result;
    }
    
    for(const auto& format : g_SurfaceFormats)
    {
        if((format.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM) &&
            (format.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR))
        {
            return format;
        }
    }

    return g_SurfaceFormats[0];
}

VkPresentModeKHR ChooseSwapPresentMode()
{
    VkPresentModeKHR preferredMode = VSYNC ? VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR : VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR;
    
    if(std::find(g_PresentModes.begin(), g_PresentModes.end(), preferredMode) !=
        g_PresentModes.end())
    {
        return preferredMode;
    }

    return VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
}

static VkExtent2D ChooseSwapExtent()
{
    if(g_SurfaceCapabilities.currentExtent.width != UINT_MAX)
        return g_SurfaceCapabilities.currentExtent;

    VkExtent2D result = {
        std::max(g_SurfaceCapabilities.minImageExtent.width,
            std::min(g_SurfaceCapabilities.maxImageExtent.width, (uint32_t)g_SizeX)),
        std::max(g_SurfaceCapabilities.minImageExtent.height,
            std::min(g_SurfaceCapabilities.maxImageExtent.height, (uint32_t)g_SizeY)) };
    return result;
}

struct Vertex
{
    float pos[3];
    float color[3];
    float texCoord[2];
};

static void CreateMesh()
{
    assert(g_hAllocator);

    static Vertex vertices[] = {
        // -X
        { { -1.f, -1.f, -1.f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {0.f, 0.f} },
        { { -1.f, -1.f,  1.f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {1.f, 0.f} },
        { { -1.f,  1.f, -1.f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {0.f, 1.f} },
        { { -1.f,  1.f,  1.f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {1.f, 1.f} },
        // +X
        { { 1.f, -1.f,  1.f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {0.f, 0.f} },
        { { 1.f, -1.f, -1.f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {1.f, 0.f} },
        { { 1.f,  1.f,  1.f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {0.f, 1.f} },
        { { 1.f,  1.f, -1.f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {1.f, 1.f} },
        // -Z
        { { 1.f, -1.f, -1.f}, {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, {0.f, 0.f} },
        { {-1.f, -1.f, -1.f}, {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, {1.f, 0.f} },
        { { 1.f,  1.f, -1.f}, {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, {0.f, 1.f} },
        { {-1.f,  1.f, -1.f}, {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, {1.f, 1.f} },
        // +Z
        { {-1.f, -1.f,  1.f}, {1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {0.f, 0.f} },
        { { 1.f, -1.f,  1.f}, {1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {1.f, 0.f} },
        { {-1.f,  1.f,  1.f}, {1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {0.f, 1.f} },
        { { 1.f,  1.f,  1.f}, {1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {1.f, 1.f} },
        // -Y
        { {-1.f, -1.f, -1.f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, {0.f, 0.f} },
        { { 1.f, -1.f, -1.f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, {1.f, 0.f} },
        { {-1.f, -1.f,  1.f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, {0.f, 1.f} },
        { { 1.f, -1.f,  1.f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, {1.f, 1.f} },
        // +Y
        { { 1.f,  1.f, -1.f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, {0.f, 0.f} },
        { {-1.f,  1.f, -1.f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, {1.f, 0.f} },
        { { 1.f,  1.f,  1.f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, {0.f, 1.f} },
        { {-1.f,  1.f,  1.f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, {1.f, 1.f} },
    };
    static uint16_t indices[] = {
         0,  1,  2,  3, USHRT_MAX,
         4,  5,  6,  7, USHRT_MAX,
         8,  9, 10, 11, USHRT_MAX,
        12, 13, 14, 15, USHRT_MAX,
        16, 17, 18, 19, USHRT_MAX,
        20, 21, 22, 23, USHRT_MAX,
    };

    size_t vertexBufferSize = sizeof(Vertex) * _countof(vertices);
    size_t indexBufferSize = sizeof(uint16_t) * _countof(indices);
    g_IndexCount = (uint32_t)_countof(indices);

    // Create vertex buffer

    VkBufferCreateInfo vbInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
    vbInfo.size = vertexBufferSize;
    vbInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
    vbInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    VmaMemoryRequirements vbMemReq = {};
    vbMemReq.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY;
    VkMappedMemoryRange stagingVertexBufferMem;
    VkBuffer stagingVertexBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vmaCreateBuffer(g_hAllocator, &vbInfo, &vbMemReq, &stagingVertexBuffer, &stagingVertexBufferMem, nullptr) );

    void* pVbData = nullptr;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vmaMapMemory(g_hAllocator, &stagingVertexBufferMem, &pVbData) );
    memcpy(pVbData, vertices, vertexBufferSize);
    vmaUnmapMemory(g_hAllocator, &stagingVertexBufferMem);

    // No need to flush stagingVertexBuffer memory because CPU_ONLY memory is always HOST_COHERENT.

    vbInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT;
    vbMemReq.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vmaCreateBuffer(g_hAllocator, &vbInfo, &vbMemReq, &g_hVertexBuffer, nullptr, nullptr) );

    // Create index buffer

    VkBufferCreateInfo ibInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
    ibInfo.size = indexBufferSize;
    ibInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
    ibInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    VmaMemoryRequirements ibMemReq = {};
    ibMemReq.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY;
    VkMappedMemoryRange stagingIndexBufferMem;
    VkBuffer stagingIndexBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vmaCreateBuffer(g_hAllocator, &ibInfo, &ibMemReq, &stagingIndexBuffer, &stagingIndexBufferMem, nullptr) );

    void* pIbData = nullptr;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vmaMapMemory(g_hAllocator, &stagingIndexBufferMem, &pIbData) );
    memcpy(pIbData, indices, indexBufferSize);
    vmaUnmapMemory(g_hAllocator, &stagingIndexBufferMem);

    // No need to flush stagingIndexBuffer memory because CPU_ONLY memory is always HOST_COHERENT.

    ibInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT;
    ibMemReq.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vmaCreateBuffer(g_hAllocator, &ibInfo, &ibMemReq, &g_hIndexBuffer, nullptr, nullptr) );

    // Copy buffers

    BeginSingleTimeCommands();

    VkBufferCopy vbCopyRegion = {};
    vbCopyRegion.srcOffset = 0;
    vbCopyRegion.dstOffset = 0;
    vbCopyRegion.size = vbInfo.size;
    vkCmdCopyBuffer(g_hTemporaryCommandBuffer, stagingVertexBuffer, g_hVertexBuffer, 1, &vbCopyRegion);

    VkBufferCopy ibCopyRegion = {};
    ibCopyRegion.srcOffset = 0;
    ibCopyRegion.dstOffset = 0;
    ibCopyRegion.size = ibInfo.size;
    vkCmdCopyBuffer(g_hTemporaryCommandBuffer, stagingIndexBuffer, g_hIndexBuffer, 1, &ibCopyRegion);

    EndSingleTimeCommands();

    vmaDestroyBuffer(g_hAllocator, stagingIndexBuffer);
    vmaDestroyBuffer(g_hAllocator, stagingVertexBuffer);
}

static void CopyImage(VkImage srcImage, VkImage dstImage, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t mipLevel)
{
    BeginSingleTimeCommands();

    VkImageCopy imageCopy = {};
    imageCopy.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    imageCopy.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    imageCopy.srcSubresource.mipLevel = mipLevel;
    imageCopy.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;
    imageCopy.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    imageCopy.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    imageCopy.dstSubresource.mipLevel = mipLevel;
    imageCopy.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
    imageCopy.srcOffset.x = 0;
    imageCopy.srcOffset.y = 0;
    imageCopy.srcOffset.z = 0;
    imageCopy.dstOffset.x = 0;
    imageCopy.dstOffset.y = 0;
    imageCopy.dstOffset.z = 0;
    imageCopy.extent.width = width;
    imageCopy.extent.height = height;
    imageCopy.extent.depth = 1;
    vkCmdCopyImage(
        g_hTemporaryCommandBuffer,
        srcImage, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
        dstImage, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
        1, &imageCopy);

    EndSingleTimeCommands();
}

static void TransitionImageLayout(VkImage image, VkFormat format, uint32_t mipLevelCount, VkImageLayout oldLayout, VkImageLayout newLayout)
{
    BeginSingleTimeCommands();

    VkImageMemoryBarrier imgMemBarrier = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER };
    imgMemBarrier.oldLayout = oldLayout;
    imgMemBarrier.newLayout = newLayout;
    imgMemBarrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    imgMemBarrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    imgMemBarrier.image = image;
    imgMemBarrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    imgMemBarrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
    imgMemBarrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = mipLevelCount;
    imgMemBarrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    imgMemBarrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

    if((oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED) &&
        (newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL))
    {
        imgMemBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT;
        imgMemBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
    }
    else if((oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED) &&
        (newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL))
    {
        imgMemBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT;
        imgMemBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
    }
    else if((oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED) &&
        (newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL))
    {
        imgMemBarrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
        imgMemBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
    }
    else if((oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL) &&
        (newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL))
    {
        imgMemBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
        imgMemBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
    }
    else if ((oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED) &&
        (newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL))
    {
        imgMemBarrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
        imgMemBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
    }
    else
        assert(0);

    if (newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL)
    {
        imgMemBarrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
        if ((format == VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT) ||
            (format == VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT) ||
            (format == VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT))
        {
            imgMemBarrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask |= VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
        }
    }

    vkCmdPipelineBarrier(
        g_hTemporaryCommandBuffer,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
        0,
        0, nullptr,
        0, nullptr,
        1, &imgMemBarrier);

    EndSingleTimeCommands();
}

static void CreateTexture(uint32_t sizeX, uint32_t sizeY)
{
    // Create Image

    const VkDeviceSize imageSize = sizeX * sizeY * 4;

    VkImageCreateInfo stagingImageInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
    stagingImageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
    stagingImageInfo.extent.width = sizeX;
    stagingImageInfo.extent.height = sizeY;
    stagingImageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
    stagingImageInfo.mipLevels = 1;
    stagingImageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
    stagingImageInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    stagingImageInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR;
    stagingImageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED;
    stagingImageInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
    stagingImageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    stagingImageInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
    stagingImageInfo.flags = 0;
    VmaMemoryRequirements stagingImageMemReq = {};
    stagingImageMemReq.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY;
    VkImage stagingImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkMappedMemoryRange stagingImageMem;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vmaCreateImage(g_hAllocator, &stagingImageInfo, &stagingImageMemReq, &stagingImage, &stagingImageMem, nullptr) );

    char* pImageData = nullptr;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vmaMapMemory(g_hAllocator, &stagingImageMem, (void**)&pImageData) );

    VkImageSubresource imageSubresource = {};
    imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    imageSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
    imageSubresource.arrayLayer = 0;

    VkSubresourceLayout imageLayout = {};
    vkGetImageSubresourceLayout(g_hDevice, stagingImage, &imageSubresource, &imageLayout);

    char* const pMipLevelData = pImageData + imageLayout.offset;
    uint8_t* pRowData = (uint8_t*)pMipLevelData;
    for(uint32_t y = 0; y < sizeY; ++y)
    {
        uint32_t* pPixelData = (uint32_t*)pRowData;
        for(uint32_t x = 0; x < sizeY; ++x)
        {
            *pPixelData =
                ((x & 0x18) == 0x08 ? 0x000000FF : 0x00000000) |
                ((x & 0x18) == 0x10 ? 0x0000FFFF : 0x00000000) |
                ((y & 0x18) == 0x08 ? 0x0000FF00 : 0x00000000) |
                ((y & 0x18) == 0x10 ? 0x00FF0000 : 0x00000000);
            ++pPixelData;
        }
        pRowData += imageLayout.rowPitch;
    }

    vmaUnmapMemory(g_hAllocator, &stagingImageMem);

    // No need to flush stagingImage memory because CPU_ONLY memory is always HOST_COHERENT.

    VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
    imageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
    imageInfo.extent.width = sizeX;
    imageInfo.extent.height = sizeY;
    imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
    imageInfo.mipLevels = 1;
    imageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
    imageInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    imageInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
    imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    imageInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
    imageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    imageInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
    imageInfo.flags = 0;
    VmaMemoryRequirements imageMemReq = {};
    imageMemReq.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vmaCreateImage(g_hAllocator, &imageInfo, &imageMemReq, &g_hTextureImage, nullptr, nullptr) );

    TransitionImageLayout(
        stagingImage,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
        1,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL);
    TransitionImageLayout(
        g_hTextureImage,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
        1,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL);
    CopyImage(stagingImage, g_hTextureImage, sizeX, sizeY, 0);
    TransitionImageLayout(
        g_hTextureImage,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
        1,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);

    vmaDestroyImage(g_hAllocator, stagingImage);

    // Create ImageView

    VkImageViewCreateInfo textureImageViewInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO };
    textureImageViewInfo.image = g_hTextureImage;
    textureImageViewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
    textureImageViewInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    textureImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    textureImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
    textureImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
    textureImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    textureImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateImageView(g_hDevice, &textureImageViewInfo, nullptr, &g_hTextureImageView) );
}

struct UniformBufferObject
{
    mathfu::vec4_packed ModelViewProj[4];
};

static void RegisterDebugCallbacks()
{
    g_pvkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT =
        reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT>
            (vkGetInstanceProcAddr(g_hVulkanInstance, "vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT"));
    g_pvkDebugReportMessageEXT =
        reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkDebugReportMessageEXT>
            (vkGetInstanceProcAddr(g_hVulkanInstance, "vkDebugReportMessageEXT"));
    g_pvkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT =
        reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT>
            (vkGetInstanceProcAddr(g_hVulkanInstance, "vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT"));
    assert(g_pvkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT);
    assert(g_pvkDebugReportMessageEXT);
    assert(g_pvkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT);

    VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT callbackCreateInfo;
    callbackCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_REPORT_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
    callbackCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    callbackCreateInfo.flags = //VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT |
        VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT |
        VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT |
        VK_DEBUG_REPORT_PERFORMANCE_WARNING_BIT_EXT /*|
        VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT*/;
    callbackCreateInfo.pfnCallback = &MyDebugReportCallback;
    callbackCreateInfo.pUserData   = nullptr;

    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( g_pvkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT(g_hVulkanInstance, &callbackCreateInfo, nullptr, &g_hCallback) );
}

static bool IsLayerSupported(const VkLayerProperties* pProps, size_t propCount, const char* pLayerName)
{
    const VkLayerProperties* propsEnd = pProps + propCount;
    return std::find_if(
        pProps,
        propsEnd,
        [pLayerName](const VkLayerProperties& prop) -> bool {
            return strcmp(pLayerName, prop.layerName) == 0;
        }) != propsEnd;
}

static VkFormat FindSupportedFormat(
    const std::vector<VkFormat>& candidates,
    VkImageTiling tiling,
    VkFormatFeatureFlags features)
{
    for (VkFormat format : candidates)
    {
        VkFormatProperties props;
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(g_hPhysicalDevice, format, &props);
        
        if ((tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR) &&
            ((props.linearTilingFeatures & features) == features))
        {
            return format;
        }
        else if ((tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL) &&
            ((props.optimalTilingFeatures & features) == features))
        {
            return format;
        }
    }
    return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
}

static VkFormat FindDepthFormat()
{
    std::vector<VkFormat> formats;
    formats.push_back(VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT);
    formats.push_back(VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT);
    formats.push_back(VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT);

    return FindSupportedFormat(
        formats,
        VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT);
}

static void CreateSwapchain()
{
    // Query surface formats.

    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(g_hPhysicalDevice, g_hSurface, &g_SurfaceCapabilities) );
    
    uint32_t formatCount = 0;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(g_hPhysicalDevice, g_hSurface, &formatCount, nullptr) );
    g_SurfaceFormats.resize(formatCount);
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(g_hPhysicalDevice, g_hSurface, &formatCount, g_SurfaceFormats.data()) );

    uint32_t presentModeCount = 0;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(g_hPhysicalDevice, g_hSurface, &presentModeCount, nullptr) );
    g_PresentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(g_hPhysicalDevice, g_hSurface, &presentModeCount, g_PresentModes.data()) );

    // Create swap chain

    g_SurfaceFormat = ChooseSurfaceFormat();
    VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = ChooseSwapPresentMode();
    g_Extent = ChooseSwapExtent();

    uint32_t imageCount = g_SurfaceCapabilities.minImageCount + 1;
    if((g_SurfaceCapabilities.maxImageCount > 0) &&
        (imageCount > g_SurfaceCapabilities.maxImageCount))
    {
        imageCount = g_SurfaceCapabilities.maxImageCount;
    }

    VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swapChainInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR };
    swapChainInfo.surface = g_hSurface;
    swapChainInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
    swapChainInfo.imageFormat = g_SurfaceFormat.format;
    swapChainInfo.imageColorSpace = g_SurfaceFormat.colorSpace;
    swapChainInfo.imageExtent = g_Extent;
    swapChainInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
    swapChainInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
    swapChainInfo.preTransform = g_SurfaceCapabilities.currentTransform;
    swapChainInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
    swapChainInfo.presentMode = presentMode;
    swapChainInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;
    swapChainInfo.oldSwapchain = g_hSwapchain;

    uint32_t queueFamilyIndices[] = { g_GraphicsQueueFamilyIndex, g_PresentQueueFamilyIndex };
    if(g_PresentQueueFamilyIndex != g_GraphicsQueueFamilyIndex)
    {
        swapChainInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
        swapChainInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
        swapChainInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamilyIndices;
    }
    else
    {
        swapChainInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    }

    VkSwapchainKHR hNewSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateSwapchainKHR(g_hDevice, &swapChainInfo, nullptr, &hNewSwapchain) );
    if(g_hSwapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
        vkDestroySwapchainKHR(g_hDevice, g_hSwapchain, nullptr);
    g_hSwapchain = hNewSwapchain;

    // Retrieve swapchain images.

    uint32_t swapchainImageCount = 0;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(g_hDevice, g_hSwapchain, &swapchainImageCount, nullptr) );
    g_SwapchainImages.resize(swapchainImageCount);
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(g_hDevice, g_hSwapchain, &swapchainImageCount, g_SwapchainImages.data()) );

    // Create swapchain image views.

    for(size_t i = g_SwapchainImageViews.size(); i--; )
        vkDestroyImageView(g_hDevice, g_SwapchainImageViews[i], nullptr);
    g_SwapchainImageViews.clear();

    VkImageViewCreateInfo swapchainImageViewInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO };
    g_SwapchainImageViews.resize(swapchainImageCount);
    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < swapchainImageCount; ++i)
    {
        swapchainImageViewInfo.image = g_SwapchainImages[i];
        swapchainImageViewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
        swapchainImageViewInfo.format = g_SurfaceFormat.format;
        swapchainImageViewInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        swapchainImageViewInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        swapchainImageViewInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        swapchainImageViewInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        swapchainImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
        swapchainImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
        swapchainImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
        swapchainImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        swapchainImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
        ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateImageView(g_hDevice, &swapchainImageViewInfo, nullptr, &g_SwapchainImageViews[i]) );
    }

    // Create depth buffer

    g_DepthFormat = FindDepthFormat();
    assert(g_DepthFormat != VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED);

    VkImageCreateInfo depthImageInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
    depthImageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
    depthImageInfo.extent.width = g_Extent.width;
    depthImageInfo.extent.height = g_Extent.height;
    depthImageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
    depthImageInfo.mipLevels = 1;
    depthImageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
    depthImageInfo.format = g_DepthFormat;
    depthImageInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
    depthImageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    depthImageInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
    depthImageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    depthImageInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
    depthImageInfo.flags = 0;

    VmaMemoryRequirements depthImageMemReq = {};
    depthImageMemReq.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;

    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vmaCreateImage(g_hAllocator, &depthImageInfo, &depthImageMemReq, &g_hDepthImage, nullptr, nullptr) );

    VkImageViewCreateInfo depthImageViewInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO };
    depthImageViewInfo.image = g_hDepthImage;
    depthImageViewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
    depthImageViewInfo.format = g_DepthFormat;
    depthImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
    depthImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
    depthImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
    depthImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    depthImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateImageView(g_hDevice, &depthImageViewInfo, nullptr, &g_hDepthImageView) );

    TransitionImageLayout(
        g_hDepthImage,
        g_DepthFormat,
        1,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);

    // Create pipeline layout
    {
        if(g_hPipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
        {
            vkDestroyPipelineLayout(g_hDevice, g_hPipelineLayout, nullptr);
            g_hPipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        }

        VkPushConstantRange pushConstantRanges[1];
        ZeroMemory(&pushConstantRanges, sizeof pushConstantRanges);
        pushConstantRanges[0].offset = 0;
        pushConstantRanges[0].size = sizeof(UniformBufferObject);
        pushConstantRanges[0].stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;

        VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayouts[] = { g_hDescriptorSetLayout };
        VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO };
        pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 1;
        pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = descriptorSetLayouts;
        pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = 1;
        pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = pushConstantRanges;
        ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreatePipelineLayout(g_hDevice, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &g_hPipelineLayout) );
    }

    // Create render pass
    {
        if(g_hRenderPass != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
        {
            vkDestroyRenderPass(g_hDevice, g_hRenderPass, nullptr);
            g_hRenderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        }

        VkAttachmentDescription attachments[2];
        ZeroMemory(attachments, sizeof(attachments));

        attachments[0].format = g_SurfaceFormat.format;
        attachments[0].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        attachments[0].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
        attachments[0].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
        attachments[0].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
        attachments[0].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
        attachments[0].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        attachments[0].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;

        attachments[1].format = g_DepthFormat;
        attachments[1].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        attachments[1].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
        attachments[1].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
        attachments[1].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
        attachments[1].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
        attachments[1].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        attachments[1].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

        VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef = {};
        colorAttachmentRef.attachment = 0;
        colorAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
        
        VkAttachmentReference depthStencilAttachmentRef = {};
        depthStencilAttachmentRef.attachment = 1;
        depthStencilAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
        
        VkSubpassDescription subpassDesc = {};
        subpassDesc.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
        subpassDesc.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
        subpassDesc.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef;
        subpassDesc.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthStencilAttachmentRef;

        VkSubpassDependency subpassDependency = {};
        subpassDependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
        subpassDependency.dstSubpass = 0;
        subpassDependency.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
        subpassDependency.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
        subpassDependency.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT;
        subpassDependency.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT;

        VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO };
        renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = (uint32_t)_countof(attachments);
        renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
        renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
        renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpassDesc;
        renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
        renderPassInfo.pDependencies = &subpassDependency;
        ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateRenderPass(g_hDevice, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &g_hRenderPass) );
    }

    // Create pipeline
    {
        std::vector<char> vertShaderCode;
        LoadShader(vertShaderCode, "Shader.vert.spv");
        VkShaderModuleCreateInfo shaderModuleInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO };
        shaderModuleInfo.codeSize = vertShaderCode.size();
        shaderModuleInfo.pCode = (const uint32_t*)vertShaderCode.data();
        VkShaderModule hVertShaderModule = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateShaderModule(g_hDevice, &shaderModuleInfo, nullptr, &hVertShaderModule) );

        std::vector<char> hFragShaderCode;
        LoadShader(hFragShaderCode, "Shader.frag.spv");
        shaderModuleInfo.codeSize = hFragShaderCode.size();
        shaderModuleInfo.pCode = (const uint32_t*)hFragShaderCode.data();
        VkShaderModule fragShaderModule = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateShaderModule(g_hDevice, &shaderModuleInfo, nullptr, &fragShaderModule) );

        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertPipelineShaderStageInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO };
        vertPipelineShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
        vertPipelineShaderStageInfo.module = hVertShaderModule;
        vertPipelineShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragPipelineShaderStageInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO };
        fragPipelineShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
        fragPipelineShaderStageInfo.module = fragShaderModule;
        fragPipelineShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo pipelineShaderStageInfos[] = {
            vertPipelineShaderStageInfo,
            fragPipelineShaderStageInfo
        };

        VkVertexInputBindingDescription bindingDescription = {};
        bindingDescription.binding = 0;
        bindingDescription.stride = sizeof(Vertex);
        bindingDescription.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;

        VkVertexInputAttributeDescription attributeDescriptions[3];
        ZeroMemory(attributeDescriptions, sizeof(attributeDescriptions));

        attributeDescriptions[0].binding = 0;
        attributeDescriptions[0].location = 0;
        attributeDescriptions[0].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
        attributeDescriptions[0].offset = offsetof(Vertex, pos);
        
        attributeDescriptions[1].binding = 0;
        attributeDescriptions[1].location = 1;
        attributeDescriptions[1].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
        attributeDescriptions[1].offset = offsetof(Vertex, color);

        attributeDescriptions[2].binding = 0;
        attributeDescriptions[2].location = 2;
        attributeDescriptions[2].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
        attributeDescriptions[2].offset = offsetof(Vertex, texCoord);

        VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo pipelineVertexInputStateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO };
        pipelineVertexInputStateInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1;
        pipelineVertexInputStateInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &bindingDescription;
        pipelineVertexInputStateInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = _countof(attributeDescriptions);
        pipelineVertexInputStateInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = attributeDescriptions;

        VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo pipelineInputAssemblyStateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO };
        pipelineInputAssemblyStateInfo.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP;
        pipelineInputAssemblyStateInfo.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_TRUE;

        VkViewport viewport = {};
        viewport.x = 0.f;
        viewport.y = 0.f;
        viewport.width = (float)g_Extent.width;
        viewport.height = (float)g_Extent.height;
        viewport.minDepth = 0.f;
        viewport.maxDepth = 1.f;

        VkRect2D scissor = {};
        scissor.offset.x = 0;
        scissor.offset.y = 0;
        scissor.extent = g_Extent;

        VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo pipelineViewportStateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO };
        pipelineViewportStateInfo.viewportCount = 1;
        pipelineViewportStateInfo.pViewports = &viewport;
        pipelineViewportStateInfo.scissorCount = 1;
        pipelineViewportStateInfo.pScissors = &scissor;

        VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo pipelineRasterizationStateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO };
        pipelineRasterizationStateInfo.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
        pipelineRasterizationStateInfo.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
        pipelineRasterizationStateInfo.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
        pipelineRasterizationStateInfo.lineWidth = 1.f;
        pipelineRasterizationStateInfo.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
        pipelineRasterizationStateInfo.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE;
        pipelineRasterizationStateInfo.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;
        pipelineRasterizationStateInfo.depthBiasConstantFactor = 0.f;
        pipelineRasterizationStateInfo.depthBiasClamp = 0.f;
        pipelineRasterizationStateInfo.depthBiasSlopeFactor = 0.f;

        VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo pipelineMultisampleStateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO };
        pipelineMultisampleStateInfo.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
        pipelineMultisampleStateInfo.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        pipelineMultisampleStateInfo.minSampleShading = 1.f;
        pipelineMultisampleStateInfo.pSampleMask = nullptr;
        pipelineMultisampleStateInfo.alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE;
        pipelineMultisampleStateInfo.alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE;

        VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState = {};
        pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.colorWriteMask =
            VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT |
            VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT |
            VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT |
            VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
        pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.blendEnable = VK_FALSE;
        pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE; // Optional
        pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO; // Optional
        pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD; // Optional
        pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE; // Optional
        pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO; // Optional
        pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD; // Optional

        VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo pipelineColorBlendStateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO };
        pipelineColorBlendStateInfo.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
        pipelineColorBlendStateInfo.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY;
        pipelineColorBlendStateInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
        pipelineColorBlendStateInfo.pAttachments = &pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState;

        VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilStateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO };
        depthStencilStateInfo.depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE;
        depthStencilStateInfo.depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE;
        depthStencilStateInfo.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS;
        depthStencilStateInfo.depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
        depthStencilStateInfo.stencilTestEnable = VK_FALSE;

        VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO };
        pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2;
        pipelineInfo.pStages = pipelineShaderStageInfos;
        pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &pipelineVertexInputStateInfo;
        pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &pipelineInputAssemblyStateInfo;
        pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &pipelineViewportStateInfo;
        pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &pipelineRasterizationStateInfo;
        pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &pipelineMultisampleStateInfo;
        pipelineInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilStateInfo;
        pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &pipelineColorBlendStateInfo;
        pipelineInfo.pDynamicState = nullptr;
        pipelineInfo.layout = g_hPipelineLayout;
        pipelineInfo.renderPass = g_hRenderPass;
        pipelineInfo.subpass = 0;
        pipelineInfo.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        pipelineInfo.basePipelineIndex = -1;
        ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(
            g_hDevice,
            VK_NULL_HANDLE,
            1,
            &pipelineInfo, nullptr,
            &g_hPipeline) );

        vkDestroyShaderModule(g_hDevice, fragShaderModule, nullptr);
        vkDestroyShaderModule(g_hDevice, hVertShaderModule, nullptr);
    }

    // Create frambuffers

    for(size_t i = g_Framebuffers.size(); i--; )
        vkDestroyFramebuffer(g_hDevice, g_Framebuffers[i], nullptr);
    g_Framebuffers.clear();

    g_Framebuffers.resize(g_SwapchainImageViews.size());
    for(size_t i = 0; i < g_SwapchainImages.size(); ++i)
    {
        VkImageView attachments[] = { g_SwapchainImageViews[i], g_hDepthImageView };

        VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
        framebufferInfo.renderPass = g_hRenderPass;
        framebufferInfo.attachmentCount = (uint32_t)_countof(attachments);
        framebufferInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
        framebufferInfo.width = g_Extent.width;
        framebufferInfo.height = g_Extent.height;
        framebufferInfo.layers = 1;
        ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateFramebuffer(g_hDevice, &framebufferInfo, nullptr, &g_Framebuffers[i]) );
    }

    // Create semaphores

    if(g_hImageAvailableSemaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroySemaphore(g_hDevice, g_hImageAvailableSemaphore, nullptr);
        g_hImageAvailableSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
    if(g_hRenderFinishedSemaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroySemaphore(g_hDevice, g_hRenderFinishedSemaphore, nullptr);
        g_hRenderFinishedSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO };
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateSemaphore(g_hDevice, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &g_hImageAvailableSemaphore) );
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateSemaphore(g_hDevice, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &g_hRenderFinishedSemaphore) );
}

static void DestroySwapchain(bool destroyActualSwapchain)
{
    if(g_hImageAvailableSemaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroySemaphore(g_hDevice, g_hImageAvailableSemaphore, nullptr);
        g_hImageAvailableSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
    if(g_hRenderFinishedSemaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroySemaphore(g_hDevice, g_hRenderFinishedSemaphore, nullptr);
        g_hRenderFinishedSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    for(size_t i = g_Framebuffers.size(); i--; )
        vkDestroyFramebuffer(g_hDevice, g_Framebuffers[i], nullptr);
    g_Framebuffers.clear();

    if(g_hDepthImageView != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroyImageView(g_hDevice, g_hDepthImageView, nullptr);
        g_hDepthImageView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
    if(g_hDepthImage != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vmaDestroyImage(g_hAllocator, g_hDepthImage);
        g_hDepthImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if(g_hPipeline != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroyPipeline(g_hDevice, g_hPipeline, nullptr);
        g_hPipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if(g_hRenderPass != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroyRenderPass(g_hDevice, g_hRenderPass, nullptr);
        g_hRenderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if(g_hPipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(g_hDevice, g_hPipelineLayout, nullptr);
        g_hPipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
    
    for(size_t i = g_SwapchainImageViews.size(); i--; )
        vkDestroyImageView(g_hDevice, g_SwapchainImageViews[i], nullptr);
    g_SwapchainImageViews.clear();

    if(destroyActualSwapchain && (g_hSwapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE))
    {
        vkDestroySwapchainKHR(g_hDevice, g_hSwapchain, nullptr);
        g_hSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
}

static void InitializeApplication()
{
    uint32_t instanceLayerPropCount = 0;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&instanceLayerPropCount, nullptr) );
    std::vector<VkLayerProperties> instanceLayerProps(instanceLayerPropCount);
    if(instanceLayerPropCount > 0)
    {
        ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&instanceLayerPropCount, instanceLayerProps.data()) );
    }

    if(g_EnableValidationLayer == true)
    {
        if(IsLayerSupported(instanceLayerProps.data(), instanceLayerProps.size(), VALIDATION_LAYER_NAME) == false)
        {
            printf("Layer \"%s\" not supported.", VALIDATION_LAYER_NAME);
            g_EnableValidationLayer = false;
        }
    }

    std::vector<const char*> instanceExtensions;
    instanceExtensions.push_back(VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
    instanceExtensions.push_back(VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);

    std::vector<const char*> instanceLayers;
    if(g_EnableValidationLayer == true)
    {
        instanceLayers.push_back(VALIDATION_LAYER_NAME);
        instanceExtensions.push_back("VK_EXT_debug_report");
    }

    VkApplicationInfo appInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO };
    appInfo.pApplicationName = APP_TITLE_A;
    appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
    appInfo.pEngineName = "Adam Sawicki Engine";
    appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
    appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

    VkInstanceCreateInfo instInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO };
    instInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;
    instInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(instanceExtensions.size());
    instInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = instanceExtensions.data();
    instInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(instanceLayers.size());
    instInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = instanceLayers.data();

    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateInstance(&instInfo, NULL, &g_hVulkanInstance) );

    // Create VkSurfaceKHR.
    VkWin32SurfaceCreateInfoKHR surfaceInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WIN32_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR };
    surfaceInfo.hinstance = g_hAppInstance;
    surfaceInfo.hwnd = g_hWnd;
    VkResult result = vkCreateWin32SurfaceKHR(g_hVulkanInstance, &surfaceInfo, NULL, &g_hSurface);
    assert(result == VK_SUCCESS);

    if(g_EnableValidationLayer == true)
        RegisterDebugCallbacks();

    // Find physical device

    uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(g_hVulkanInstance, &deviceCount, nullptr) );
    assert(deviceCount > 0);

    std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> physicalDevices(deviceCount);
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(g_hVulkanInstance, &deviceCount, physicalDevices.data()) );

    g_hPhysicalDevice = physicalDevices[0];

    // Query for features

    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties physicalDeviceProperties = {};
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(g_hPhysicalDevice, &physicalDeviceProperties);

    //VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures physicalDeviceFreatures = {};
    //vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(g_PhysicalDevice, &physicalDeviceFreatures);

    // Find queue family index

    uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(g_hPhysicalDevice, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);
    assert(queueFamilyCount > 0);
    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(g_hPhysicalDevice, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());
    for(uint32_t i = 0;
        (i < queueFamilyCount) &&
            (g_GraphicsQueueFamilyIndex == UINT_MAX || g_PresentQueueFamilyIndex == UINT_MAX);
        ++i)
    {
        if(queueFamilies[i].queueCount > 0)
        {
            if((g_GraphicsQueueFamilyIndex != 0) &&
                ((queueFamilies[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) != 0))
            {
                g_GraphicsQueueFamilyIndex = i;
            }

            VkBool32 surfaceSupported = 0;
            VkResult res = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(g_hPhysicalDevice, i, g_hSurface, &surfaceSupported);
            if((res >= 0) && (surfaceSupported == VK_TRUE))
            {
                g_PresentQueueFamilyIndex = i;
            }
        }
    }
    assert(g_GraphicsQueueFamilyIndex != UINT_MAX);

    // Create logical device

    const float queuePriority = 1.f;

    VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo deviceQueueCreateInfo[2] = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO };
    deviceQueueCreateInfo[0].queueFamilyIndex = g_GraphicsQueueFamilyIndex;
    deviceQueueCreateInfo[0].queueCount = 1;
    deviceQueueCreateInfo[0].pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
    deviceQueueCreateInfo[1].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
    deviceQueueCreateInfo[1].queueFamilyIndex = g_PresentQueueFamilyIndex;
    deviceQueueCreateInfo[1].queueCount = 1;
    deviceQueueCreateInfo[1].pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;

    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures = {};
    deviceFeatures.fillModeNonSolid = VK_TRUE;
    deviceFeatures.samplerAnisotropy = VK_TRUE;

    std::vector<const char*> enabledDeviceExtensions;
    enabledDeviceExtensions.push_back(VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME);

    VkDeviceCreateInfo deviceCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO };
    deviceCreateInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
    deviceCreateInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = nullptr;
    deviceCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = (uint32_t)enabledDeviceExtensions.size();
    deviceCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = enabledDeviceExtensions.data();
    deviceCreateInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = g_PresentQueueFamilyIndex != g_GraphicsQueueFamilyIndex ? 2 : 1;
    deviceCreateInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = deviceQueueCreateInfo;
    deviceCreateInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;

    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateDevice(g_hPhysicalDevice, &deviceCreateInfo, nullptr, &g_hDevice) );

    // Create memory allocator

    VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocatorInfo = {};
    allocatorInfo.physicalDevice = g_hPhysicalDevice;
    allocatorInfo.device = g_hDevice;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vmaCreateAllocator(&allocatorInfo, &g_hAllocator) );

    // Retrieve queue (doesn't need to be destroyed)

    vkGetDeviceQueue(g_hDevice, g_GraphicsQueueFamilyIndex, 0, &g_hGraphicsQueue);
    vkGetDeviceQueue(g_hDevice, g_PresentQueueFamilyIndex, 0, &g_hPresentQueue);
    assert(g_hGraphicsQueue);
    assert(g_hPresentQueue);

    // Create command pool

    VkCommandPoolCreateInfo commandPoolInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO };
    commandPoolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = g_GraphicsQueueFamilyIndex;
    commandPoolInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateCommandPool(g_hDevice, &commandPoolInfo, nullptr, &g_hCommandPool) );

    VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo commandBufferInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO };
    commandBufferInfo.commandPool = g_hCommandPool;
    commandBufferInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
    commandBufferInfo.commandBufferCount = COMMAND_BUFFER_COUNT;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkAllocateCommandBuffers(g_hDevice, &commandBufferInfo, g_MainCommandBuffers) );

    VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO };
    fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;
    for(size_t i = 0; i < COMMAND_BUFFER_COUNT; ++i)
    {
        ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateFence(g_hDevice, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &g_MainCommandBufferExecutedFances[i]) );
    }

    commandBufferInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkAllocateCommandBuffers(g_hDevice, &commandBufferInfo, &g_hTemporaryCommandBuffer) );

    // Create texture sampler

    VkSamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO };
    samplerInfo.magFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.minFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
    samplerInfo.addressModeV = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
    samplerInfo.addressModeW = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
    samplerInfo.anisotropyEnable = VK_TRUE;
    samplerInfo.maxAnisotropy = 16;
    samplerInfo.borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK;
    samplerInfo.unnormalizedCoordinates = VK_FALSE;
    samplerInfo.compareEnable = VK_FALSE;
    samplerInfo.compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
    samplerInfo.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.mipLodBias = 0.f;
    samplerInfo.minLod = 0.f;
    samplerInfo.maxLod = FLT_MAX;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateSampler(g_hDevice, &samplerInfo, nullptr, &g_hSampler) );

    CreateTexture(128, 128);
    CreateMesh();

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding samplerLayoutBinding = {};
    samplerLayoutBinding.binding = 1;
    samplerLayoutBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    samplerLayoutBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
    samplerLayoutBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptorSetLayoutInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO };
    descriptorSetLayoutInfo.bindingCount = 1;
    descriptorSetLayoutInfo.pBindings = &samplerLayoutBinding;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(g_hDevice, &descriptorSetLayoutInfo, nullptr, &g_hDescriptorSetLayout) );

    // Create descriptor pool

    VkDescriptorPoolSize descriptorPoolSizes[2];
    ZeroMemory(descriptorPoolSizes, sizeof(descriptorPoolSizes));
    descriptorPoolSizes[0].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
    descriptorPoolSizes[0].descriptorCount = 1;
    descriptorPoolSizes[1].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    descriptorPoolSizes[1].descriptorCount = 1;

    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO };
    descriptorPoolInfo.poolSizeCount = (uint32_t)_countof(descriptorPoolSizes);
    descriptorPoolInfo.pPoolSizes = descriptorPoolSizes;
    descriptorPoolInfo.maxSets = 1;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkCreateDescriptorPool(g_hDevice, &descriptorPoolInfo, nullptr, &g_hDescriptorPool) );

    // Create descriptor set layout

    VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayouts[] = { g_hDescriptorSetLayout };
    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo descriptorSetInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO };
    descriptorSetInfo.descriptorPool = g_hDescriptorPool;
    descriptorSetInfo.descriptorSetCount = 1;
    descriptorSetInfo.pSetLayouts = descriptorSetLayouts;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkAllocateDescriptorSets(g_hDevice, &descriptorSetInfo, &g_hDescriptorSet) );

    VkDescriptorImageInfo descriptorImageInfo = {};
    descriptorImageInfo.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
    descriptorImageInfo.imageView = g_hTextureImageView;
    descriptorImageInfo.sampler = g_hSampler;

    VkWriteDescriptorSet writeDescriptorSet = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET };
    writeDescriptorSet.dstSet = g_hDescriptorSet;
    writeDescriptorSet.dstBinding = 1;
    writeDescriptorSet.dstArrayElement = 0;
    writeDescriptorSet.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    writeDescriptorSet.descriptorCount = 1;
    writeDescriptorSet.pImageInfo = &descriptorImageInfo;

    vkUpdateDescriptorSets(g_hDevice, 1, &writeDescriptorSet, 0, nullptr);

    CreateSwapchain();
}

static void FinalizeApplication()
{
    vkDeviceWaitIdle(g_hDevice);

    DestroySwapchain(true);

    if(g_hDescriptorPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroyDescriptorPool(g_hDevice, g_hDescriptorPool, nullptr);
        g_hDescriptorPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if(g_hDescriptorSetLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(g_hDevice, g_hDescriptorSetLayout, nullptr);
        g_hDescriptorSetLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if(g_hTextureImageView != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroyImageView(g_hDevice, g_hTextureImageView, nullptr);
        g_hTextureImageView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
    if(g_hTextureImage != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vmaDestroyImage(g_hAllocator, g_hTextureImage);
        g_hTextureImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if(g_hIndexBuffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vmaDestroyBuffer(g_hAllocator, g_hIndexBuffer);
        g_hIndexBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
    if(g_hVertexBuffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vmaDestroyBuffer(g_hAllocator, g_hVertexBuffer);
        g_hVertexBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
    
    if(g_hSampler != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroySampler(g_hDevice, g_hSampler, nullptr);
        g_hSampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    for(size_t i = COMMAND_BUFFER_COUNT; i--; )
    {
        if(g_MainCommandBufferExecutedFances[i] != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
        {
            vkDestroyFence(g_hDevice, g_MainCommandBufferExecutedFances[i], nullptr);
            g_MainCommandBufferExecutedFances[i] = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        }
    }
    if(g_MainCommandBuffers[0] != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkFreeCommandBuffers(g_hDevice, g_hCommandPool, COMMAND_BUFFER_COUNT, g_MainCommandBuffers);
        ZeroMemory(g_MainCommandBuffers, sizeof(g_MainCommandBuffers));
    }
    if(g_hTemporaryCommandBuffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkFreeCommandBuffers(g_hDevice, g_hCommandPool, 1, &g_hTemporaryCommandBuffer);
        g_hTemporaryCommandBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if(g_hCommandPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroyCommandPool(g_hDevice, g_hCommandPool, nullptr);
        g_hCommandPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if(g_hAllocator != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vmaDestroyAllocator(g_hAllocator);
        g_hAllocator = nullptr;
    }

    if(g_hDevice != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroyDevice(g_hDevice, nullptr);
        g_hDevice = nullptr;
    }

    if(g_pvkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT && g_hCallback != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        g_pvkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT(g_hVulkanInstance, g_hCallback, nullptr);
        g_hCallback = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if(g_hSurface != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroySurfaceKHR(g_hVulkanInstance, g_hSurface, NULL);
        g_hSurface = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    if(g_hVulkanInstance != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
    {
        vkDestroyInstance(g_hVulkanInstance, NULL);
        g_hVulkanInstance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
}

static void PrintAllocatorStats()
{
#if VMA_STATS_STRING_ENABLED
    char* statsString = nullptr;
    vmaBuildStatsString(g_hAllocator, &statsString, true);
    printf("%s\n", statsString);
    vmaFreeStatsString(g_hAllocator, statsString);
#endif
}

static void RecreateSwapChain()
{
    vkDeviceWaitIdle(g_hDevice);
    DestroySwapchain(false);
    CreateSwapchain();
}

static void DrawFrame()
{
    // Begin main command buffer
    size_t cmdBufIndex = (g_NextCommandBufferIndex++) % COMMAND_BUFFER_COUNT;
    VkCommandBuffer hCommandBuffer = g_MainCommandBuffers[cmdBufIndex];
    VkFence hCommandBufferExecutedFence = g_MainCommandBufferExecutedFances[cmdBufIndex];

    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkWaitForFences(g_hDevice, 1, &hCommandBufferExecutedFence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX) );
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkResetFences(g_hDevice, 1, &hCommandBufferExecutedFence) );

    VkCommandBufferBeginInfo commandBufferBeginInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO };
    commandBufferBeginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkBeginCommandBuffer(hCommandBuffer, &commandBufferBeginInfo) );
    
    // Acquire swapchain image
    uint32_t imageIndex = 0;
    VkResult res = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(g_hDevice, g_hSwapchain, UINT64_MAX, g_hImageAvailableSemaphore, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imageIndex);
    if(res == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR)
    {
        RecreateSwapChain();
        return;
    }
    else if(res < 0)
    {
        ERR_GUARD_VULKAN(res);
    }

    // Record geometry pass

    VkClearValue clearValues[2];
    ZeroMemory(clearValues, sizeof(clearValues));
    clearValues[0].color.float32[0] = 0.25f;
    clearValues[0].color.float32[1] = 0.25f;
    clearValues[0].color.float32[2] = 0.5f;
    clearValues[0].color.float32[3] = 1.0f;
    clearValues[1].depthStencil.depth = 1.0f;

    VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO };
    renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = g_hRenderPass;
    renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = g_Framebuffers[imageIndex];
    renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.x = 0;
    renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.y = 0;
    renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent = g_Extent;
    renderPassBeginInfo.clearValueCount = (uint32_t)_countof(clearValues);
    renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;
    vkCmdBeginRenderPass(hCommandBuffer, &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
    
    vkCmdBindPipeline(
        hCommandBuffer,
        VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
        g_hPipeline);

    mathfu::mat4 view = mathfu::mat4::LookAt(
        mathfu::kZeros3f,
        mathfu::vec3(0.f, -2.f, 4.f),
        mathfu::kAxisY3f);
    mathfu::mat4 proj = mathfu::mat4::Perspective(
        1.0471975511966f, // 60 degrees
        (float)g_Extent.width / (float)g_Extent.height,
        0.1f,
        1000.f,
        -1.f);
    //proj[1][1] *= -1.f;
    mathfu::mat4 viewProj = proj * view;

    vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(
        hCommandBuffer,
        VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
        g_hPipelineLayout,
        0,
        1,
        &g_hDescriptorSet,
        0,
        nullptr);

    float rotationAngle = (float)GetTickCount() * 0.001f * (float)M_PI * 0.2f;
    mathfu::mat3 model_3 = mathfu::mat3::RotationY(rotationAngle);
    mathfu::mat4 model_4 = mathfu::mat4(
        model_3(0, 0), model_3(0, 1), model_3(0, 2), 0.f,
        model_3(1, 0), model_3(1, 1), model_3(1, 2), 0.f,
        model_3(2, 0), model_3(2, 1), model_3(2, 2), 0.f,
        0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
    mathfu::mat4 modelViewProj = viewProj * model_4;

    UniformBufferObject ubo = {};
    modelViewProj.Pack(ubo.ModelViewProj);
    vkCmdPushConstants(hCommandBuffer, g_hPipelineLayout, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT, 0, sizeof(UniformBufferObject), &ubo);

    VkBuffer vertexBuffers[] = { g_hVertexBuffer };
    VkDeviceSize offsets[] = { 0 };
    vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(hCommandBuffer, 0, 1, vertexBuffers, offsets);

    vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(hCommandBuffer, g_hIndexBuffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16);

    vkCmdDrawIndexed(hCommandBuffer, g_IndexCount, 1, 0, 0, 0);

    vkCmdEndRenderPass(hCommandBuffer);
    
    vkEndCommandBuffer(hCommandBuffer);

    // Submit command buffer
    
    VkSemaphore submitWaitSemaphores[] = { g_hImageAvailableSemaphore };
    VkPipelineStageFlags submitWaitStages[] = { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT };
    VkSemaphore submitSignalSemaphores[] = { g_hRenderFinishedSemaphore };
    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO };
    submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = submitWaitSemaphores;
    submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = submitWaitStages;
    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &hCommandBuffer;
    submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = _countof(submitSignalSemaphores);
    submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = submitSignalSemaphores;
    ERR_GUARD_VULKAN( vkQueueSubmit(g_hGraphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, hCommandBufferExecutedFence) );

    VkSemaphore presentWaitSemaphores[] = { g_hRenderFinishedSemaphore };

    VkSwapchainKHR swapchains[] = { g_hSwapchain };
    VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR };
    presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = _countof(presentWaitSemaphores);
    presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = presentWaitSemaphores;
    presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
    presentInfo.pSwapchains = swapchains;
    presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex;
    presentInfo.pResults = nullptr;
    res = vkQueuePresentKHR(g_hPresentQueue, &presentInfo);
    if(res == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR)
    {
        RecreateSwapChain();
    }
    else
        ERR_GUARD_VULKAN(res);
}

static void HandlePossibleSizeChange()
{
    RECT clientRect;
    GetClientRect(g_hWnd, &clientRect);
    LONG newSizeX = clientRect.right - clientRect.left;
    LONG newSizeY = clientRect.bottom - clientRect.top;
    if((newSizeX > 0) &&
        (newSizeY > 0) &&
        ((newSizeX != g_SizeX) || (newSizeY != g_SizeY)))
    {
        g_SizeX = newSizeX;
        g_SizeY = newSizeY;

        RecreateSwapChain();
    }
}

static LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch(msg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        // This is intentionally assigned here because we are now inside CreateWindow, before it returns.
        g_hWnd = hWnd;
        InitializeApplication();
        PrintAllocatorStats();
        return 0;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        FinalizeApplication();
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    // This prevents app from freezing when left Alt is pressed
    // (which normally enters modal menu loop).
    case WM_SYSKEYDOWN:
    case WM_SYSKEYUP:
        return 0;

    case WM_SIZE:
        if((wParam == SIZE_MAXIMIZED) || (wParam == SIZE_RESTORED))
            HandlePossibleSizeChange();
        return 0;

    case WM_EXITSIZEMOVE:
        HandlePossibleSizeChange();
        return 0;

    case WM_KEYDOWN:
        if(wParam == VK_ESCAPE)
            PostMessage(hWnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
        return 0;

    default:
        break;
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}

int main()
{
    g_hAppInstance = (HINSTANCE)GetModuleHandle(NULL);

    WNDCLASSEX wndClassDesc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX) };
    wndClassDesc.style = CS_VREDRAW | CS_HREDRAW | CS_DBLCLKS;
    wndClassDesc.hbrBackground = NULL;
    wndClassDesc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_CROSS);
    wndClassDesc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wndClassDesc.hInstance = g_hAppInstance;
    wndClassDesc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wndClassDesc.lpszClassName = WINDOW_CLASS_NAME;
    
    const ATOM hWndClass = RegisterClassEx(&wndClassDesc);
    assert(hWndClass);

    const DWORD style = WS_VISIBLE | WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX | WS_THICKFRAME;
    const DWORD exStyle = 0;

    RECT rect = { 0, 0, g_SizeX, g_SizeY };
    AdjustWindowRectEx(&rect, style, FALSE, exStyle);

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
        exStyle, WINDOW_CLASS_NAME, APP_TITLE_W, style,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL, NULL, g_hAppInstance, NULL);

    MSG msg;
    for(;;)
    {
        if(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
        {
            if(msg.message == WM_QUIT)
                break;
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
        if(g_hDevice != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
            DrawFrame();
    }

    return 0;
}