src/btmutex.c

/*
** 2007 August 27
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains code used to implement mutexes on Btree objects.
** This code really belongs in btree.c.  But btree.c is getting too
** big and we want to break it down some.  This packaged seemed like
** a good breakout.
*/
#include "btreeInt.h"
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE

/*
** Obtain the BtShared mutex associated with B-Tree handle p. Also,
** set BtShared.db to the database handle associated with p and the
** p->locked boolean to true.
*/
static void lockBtreeMutex(Btree *p){
  assert( p->locked==0 );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_notheld(p->pBt->mutex) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );

  sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->pBt->mutex);
  p->pBt->db = p->db;
  p->locked = 1;
}

/*
** Release the BtShared mutex associated with B-Tree handle p and
** clear the p->locked boolean.
*/
static void unlockBtreeMutex(Btree *p){
  assert( p->locked==1 );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->pBt->mutex) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
  assert( p->db==p->pBt->db );

  sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->pBt->mutex);
  p->locked = 0;
}

/*
** Enter a mutex on the given BTree object.
**
** If the object is not sharable, then no mutex is ever required
** and this routine is a no-op.  The underlying mutex is non-recursive.
** But we keep a reference count in Btree.wantToLock so the behavior
** of this interface is recursive.
**
** To avoid deadlocks, multiple Btrees are locked in the same order
** by all database connections.  The p->pNext is a list of other
** Btrees belonging to the same database connection as the p Btree
** which need to be locked after p.  If we cannot get a lock on
** p, then first unlock all of the others on p->pNext, then wait
** for the lock to become available on p, then relock all of the
** subsequent Btrees that desire a lock.
*/
void sqlite3BtreeEnter(Btree *p){
  Btree *pLater;

  /* Some basic sanity checking on the Btree.  The list of Btrees
  ** connected by pNext and pPrev should be in sorted order by
  ** Btree.pBt value. All elements of the list should belong to
  ** the same connection. Only shared Btrees are on the list. */
  assert( p->pNext==0 || p->pNext->pBt>p->pBt );
  assert( p->pPrev==0 || p->pPrev->pBt<p->pBt );
  assert( p->pNext==0 || p->pNext->db==p->db );
  assert( p->pPrev==0 || p->pPrev->db==p->db );
  assert( p->sharable || (p->pNext==0 && p->pPrev==0) );

  /* Check for locking consistency */
  assert( !p->locked || p->wantToLock>0 );
  assert( p->sharable || p->wantToLock==0 );

  /* We should already hold a lock on the database connection */
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );

  /* Unless the database is sharable and unlocked, then BtShared.db
  ** should already be set correctly. */
  assert( (p->locked==0 && p->sharable) || p->pBt->db==p->db );

  if( !p->sharable ) return;
  p->wantToLock++;
  if( p->locked ) return;

  /* In most cases, we should be able to acquire the lock we
  ** want without having to go throught the ascending lock
  ** procedure that follows.  Just be sure not to block.
  */
  if( sqlite3_mutex_try(p->pBt->mutex)==SQLITE_OK ){
    p->pBt->db = p->db;
    p->locked = 1;
    return;
  }

  /* To avoid deadlock, first release all locks with a larger
  ** BtShared address.  Then acquire our lock.  Then reacquire
  ** the other BtShared locks that we used to hold in ascending
  ** order.
  */
  for(pLater=p->pNext; pLater; pLater=pLater->pNext){
    assert( pLater->sharable );
    assert( pLater->pNext==0 || pLater->pNext->pBt>pLater->pBt );
    assert( !pLater->locked || pLater->wantToLock>0 );
    if( pLater->locked ){
      unlockBtreeMutex(pLater);
    }
  }
  lockBtreeMutex(p);
  for(pLater=p->pNext; pLater; pLater=pLater->pNext){
    if( pLater->wantToLock ){
      lockBtreeMutex(pLater);
    }
  }
}

/*
** Exit the recursive mutex on a Btree.
*/
void sqlite3BtreeLeave(Btree *p){
  if( p->sharable ){
    assert( p->wantToLock>0 );
    p->wantToLock--;
    if( p->wantToLock==0 ){
      unlockBtreeMutex(p);
    }
  }
}

#ifndef NDEBUG
/*
** Return true if the BtShared mutex is held on the btree, or if the
** B-Tree is not marked as sharable.
**
** This routine is used only from within assert() statements.
*/
int sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(Btree *p){
  assert( p->sharable==0 || p->locked==0 || p->wantToLock>0 );
  assert( p->sharable==0 || p->locked==0 || p->db==p->pBt->db );
  assert( p->sharable==0 || p->locked==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(p->pBt->mutex) );
  assert( p->sharable==0 || p->locked==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );

  return (p->sharable==0 || p->locked);
}
#endif


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
/*
** Enter and leave a mutex on a Btree given a cursor owned by that
** Btree.  These entry points are used by incremental I/O and can be
** omitted if that module is not used.
*/
void sqlite3BtreeEnterCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
  sqlite3BtreeEnter(pCur->pBtree);
}
void sqlite3BtreeLeaveCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
  sqlite3BtreeLeave(pCur->pBtree);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB */


/*
** Enter the mutex on every Btree associated with a database
** connection.  This is needed (for example) prior to parsing
** a statement since we will be comparing table and column names
** against all schemas and we do not want those schemas being
** reset out from under us.
**
** There is a corresponding leave-all procedures.
**
** Enter the mutexes in accending order by BtShared pointer address
** to avoid the possibility of deadlock when two threads with
** two or more btrees in common both try to lock all their btrees
** at the same instant.
*/
void sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(sqlite3 *db){
  int i;
  Btree *p, *pLater;
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
    p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
    assert( !p || (p->locked==0 && p->sharable) || p->pBt->db==p->db );
    if( p && p->sharable ){
      p->wantToLock++;
      if( !p->locked ){
        assert( p->wantToLock==1 );
        while( p->pPrev ) p = p->pPrev;
        /* Reason for ALWAYS:  There must be at least on unlocked Btree in
        ** the chain.  Otherwise the !p->locked test above would have failed */
        while( p->locked && ALWAYS(p->pNext) ) p = p->pNext;
        for(pLater = p->pNext; pLater; pLater=pLater->pNext){
          if( pLater->locked ){
            unlockBtreeMutex(pLater);
          }
        }
        while( p ){
          lockBtreeMutex(p);
          p = p->pNext;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
void sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(sqlite3 *db){
  int i;
  Btree *p;
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
    p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
    if( p && p->sharable ){
      assert( p->wantToLock>0 );
      p->wantToLock--;
      if( p->wantToLock==0 ){
        unlockBtreeMutex(p);
      }
    }
  }
}

#ifndef NDEBUG
/*
** Return true if the current thread holds the database connection
** mutex and all required BtShared mutexes.
**
** This routine is used inside assert() statements only.
*/
int sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(sqlite3 *db){
  int i;
  if( !sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) ){
    return 0;
  }
  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
    Btree *p;
    p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
    if( p && p->sharable &&
         (p->wantToLock==0 || !sqlite3_mutex_held(p->pBt->mutex)) ){
      return 0;
    }
  }
  return 1;
}
#endif /* NDEBUG */

/*
** Add a new Btree pointer to a BtreeMutexArray. 
** if the pointer can possibly be shared with
** another database connection.
**
** The pointers are kept in sorted order by pBtree->pBt.  That
** way when we go to enter all the mutexes, we can enter them
** in order without every having to backup and retry and without
** worrying about deadlock.
**
** The number of shared btrees will always be small (usually 0 or 1)
** so an insertion sort is an adequate algorithm here.
*/
void sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayInsert(BtreeMutexArray *pArray, Btree *pBtree){
  int i, j;
  BtShared *pBt;
  if( pBtree==0 || pBtree->sharable==0 ) return;
#ifndef NDEBUG
  {
    for(i=0; i<pArray->nMutex; i++){
      assert( pArray->aBtree[i]!=pBtree );
    }
  }
#endif
  assert( pArray->nMutex>=0 );
  assert( pArray->nMutex<ArraySize(pArray->aBtree)-1 );
  pBt = pBtree->pBt;
  for(i=0; i<pArray->nMutex; i++){
    assert( pArray->aBtree[i]!=pBtree );
    if( pArray->aBtree[i]->pBt>pBt ){
      for(j=pArray->nMutex; j>i; j--){
        pArray->aBtree[j] = pArray->aBtree[j-1];
      }
      pArray->aBtree[i] = pBtree;
      pArray->nMutex++;
      return;
    }
  }
  pArray->aBtree[pArray->nMutex++] = pBtree;
}

/*
** Enter the mutex of every btree in the array.  This routine is
** called at the beginning of sqlite3VdbeExec().  The mutexes are
** exited at the end of the same function.
*/
void sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayEnter(BtreeMutexArray *pArray){
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<pArray->nMutex; i++){
    Btree *p = pArray->aBtree[i];
    /* Some basic sanity checking */
    assert( i==0 || pArray->aBtree[i-1]->pBt<p->pBt );
    assert( !p->locked || p->wantToLock>0 );

    /* We should already hold a lock on the database connection */
    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );

    /* The Btree is sharable because only sharable Btrees are entered
    ** into the array in the first place. */
    assert( p->sharable );

    p->wantToLock++;
    if( !p->locked ){
      lockBtreeMutex(p);
    }
  }
}

/*
** Leave the mutex of every btree in the group.
*/
void sqlite3BtreeMutexArrayLeave(BtreeMutexArray *pArray){
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<pArray->nMutex; i++){
    Btree *p = pArray->aBtree[i];
    /* Some basic sanity checking */
    assert( i==0 || pArray->aBtree[i-1]->pBt<p->pBt );
    assert( p->locked );
    assert( p->wantToLock>0 );

    /* We should already hold a lock on the database connection */
    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );

    p->wantToLock--;
    if( p->wantToLock==0 ){
      unlockBtreeMutex(p);
    }
  }
}

#else
void sqlite3BtreeEnter(Btree *p){
  p->pBt->db = p->db;
}
void sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(sqlite3 *db){
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
    Btree *p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
    if( p ){
      p->pBt->db = p->db;
    }
  }
}
#endif /* if SQLITE_THREADSAFE */
#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE */