eval.c

/* eval.c    expression evaluator for the Netwide Assembler
 *
 * The Netwide Assembler is copyright (C) 1996 Simon Tatham and
 * Julian Hall. All rights reserved. The software is
 * redistributable under the licence given in the file "Licence"
 * distributed in the NASM archive.
 *
 * initial version 27/iii/95 by Simon Tatham
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include "nasm.h"
#include "nasmlib.h"
#include "eval.h"
#include "labels.h"

#define TEMPEXPRS_DELTA 128
#define TEMPEXPR_DELTA 8

static scanner scan;            /* Address of scanner routine */
static efunc error;             /* Address of error reporting routine */
static lfunc labelfunc;         /* Address of label routine */

static struct ofmt *outfmt;     /* Structure of addresses of output routines */

static expr **tempexprs = NULL;
static int ntempexprs;
static int tempexprs_size = 0;

static expr *tempexpr;
static int ntempexpr;
static int tempexpr_size;

static struct tokenval *tokval; /* The current token */
static int i;                   /* The t_type of tokval */

static void *scpriv;
static loc_t *location;         /* Pointer to current line's segment,offset */
static int *opflags;

static struct eval_hints *hint;

extern int in_abs_seg;          /* ABSOLUTE segment flag */
extern long abs_seg;            /* ABSOLUTE segment */
extern long abs_offset;         /* ABSOLUTE segment offset */

/*
 * Unimportant cleanup is done to avoid confusing people who are trying
 * to debug real memory leaks
 */
void eval_cleanup(void)
{
    while (ntempexprs)
        nasm_free(tempexprs[--ntempexprs]);
    nasm_free(tempexprs);
}

/*
 * Construct a temporary expression.
 */
static void begintemp(void)
{
    tempexpr = NULL;
    tempexpr_size = ntempexpr = 0;
}

static void addtotemp(long type, long value)
{
    while (ntempexpr >= tempexpr_size) {
        tempexpr_size += TEMPEXPR_DELTA;
        tempexpr = nasm_realloc(tempexpr,
                                tempexpr_size * sizeof(*tempexpr));
    }
    tempexpr[ntempexpr].type = type;
    tempexpr[ntempexpr++].value = value;
}

static expr *finishtemp(void)
{
    addtotemp(0L, 0L);          /* terminate */
    while (ntempexprs >= tempexprs_size) {
        tempexprs_size += TEMPEXPRS_DELTA;
        tempexprs = nasm_realloc(tempexprs,
                                 tempexprs_size * sizeof(*tempexprs));
    }
    return tempexprs[ntempexprs++] = tempexpr;
}

/*
 * Add two vector datatypes. We have some bizarre behaviour on far-
 * absolute segment types: we preserve them during addition _only_
 * if one of the segments is a truly pure scalar.
 */
static expr *add_vectors(expr * p, expr * q)
{
    int preserve;

    preserve = is_really_simple(p) || is_really_simple(q);

    begintemp();

    while (p->type && q->type &&
           p->type < EXPR_SEGBASE + SEG_ABS &&
           q->type < EXPR_SEGBASE + SEG_ABS) {
        int lasttype;

        if (p->type > q->type) {
            addtotemp(q->type, q->value);
            lasttype = q++->type;
        } else if (p->type < q->type) {
            addtotemp(p->type, p->value);
            lasttype = p++->type;
        } else {                /* *p and *q have same type */
            long sum = p->value + q->value;
            if (sum)
                addtotemp(p->type, sum);
            lasttype = p->type;
            p++, q++;
        }
        if (lasttype == EXPR_UNKNOWN) {
            return finishtemp();
        }
    }
    while (p->type && (preserve || p->type < EXPR_SEGBASE + SEG_ABS)) {
        addtotemp(p->type, p->value);
        p++;
    }
    while (q->type && (preserve || q->type < EXPR_SEGBASE + SEG_ABS)) {
        addtotemp(q->type, q->value);
        q++;
    }

    return finishtemp();
}

/*
 * Multiply a vector by a scalar. Strip far-absolute segment part
 * if present.
 *
 * Explicit treatment of UNKNOWN is not required in this routine,
 * since it will silently do the Right Thing anyway.
 *
 * If `affect_hints' is set, we also change the hint type to
 * NOTBASE if a MAKEBASE hint points at a register being
 * multiplied. This allows [eax*1+ebx] to hint EBX rather than EAX
 * as the base register.
 */
static expr *scalar_mult(expr * vect, long scalar, int affect_hints)
{
    expr *p = vect;

    while (p->type && p->type < EXPR_SEGBASE + SEG_ABS) {
        p->value = scalar * (p->value);
        if (hint && hint->type == EAH_MAKEBASE &&
            p->type == hint->base && affect_hints)
            hint->type = EAH_NOTBASE;
        p++;
    }
    p->type = 0;

    return vect;
}

static expr *scalarvect(long scalar)
{
    begintemp();
    addtotemp(EXPR_SIMPLE, scalar);
    return finishtemp();
}

static expr *unknown_expr(void)
{
    begintemp();
    addtotemp(EXPR_UNKNOWN, 1L);
    return finishtemp();
}

/*
 * The SEG operator: calculate the segment part of a relocatable
 * value. Return NULL, as usual, if an error occurs. Report the
 * error too.
 */
static expr *segment_part(expr * e)
{
    long seg;

    if (is_unknown(e))
        return unknown_expr();

    if (!is_reloc(e)) {
        error(ERR_NONFATAL, "cannot apply SEG to a non-relocatable value");
        return NULL;
    }

    seg = reloc_seg(e);
    if (seg == NO_SEG) {
        error(ERR_NONFATAL, "cannot apply SEG to a non-relocatable value");
        return NULL;
    } else if (seg & SEG_ABS) {
        return scalarvect(seg & ~SEG_ABS);
    } else if (seg & 1) {
        error(ERR_NONFATAL, "SEG applied to something which"
              " is already a segment base");
        return NULL;
    } else {
        long base = outfmt->segbase(seg + 1);

        begintemp();
        addtotemp((base == NO_SEG ? EXPR_UNKNOWN : EXPR_SEGBASE + base),
                  1L);
        return finishtemp();
    }
}

/*
 * Recursive-descent parser. Called with a single boolean operand,
 * which is TRUE if the evaluation is critical (i.e. unresolved
 * symbols are an error condition). Must update the global `i' to
 * reflect the token after the parsed string. May return NULL.
 *
 * evaluate() should report its own errors: on return it is assumed
 * that if NULL has been returned, the error has already been
 * reported.
 */

/*
 * Grammar parsed is:
 *
 * expr  : bexpr [ WRT expr6 ]
 * bexpr : rexp0 or expr0 depending on relative-mode setting
 * rexp0 : rexp1 [ {||} rexp1...]
 * rexp1 : rexp2 [ {^^} rexp2...]
 * rexp2 : rexp3 [ {&&} rexp3...]
 * rexp3 : expr0 [ {=,==,<>,!=,<,>,<=,>=} expr0 ]
 * expr0 : expr1 [ {|} expr1...]
 * expr1 : expr2 [ {^} expr2...]
 * expr2 : expr3 [ {&} expr3...]
 * expr3 : expr4 [ {<<,>>} expr4...]
 * expr4 : expr5 [ {+,-} expr5...]
 * expr5 : expr6 [ {*,/,%,//,%%} expr6...]
 * expr6 : { ~,+,-,SEG } expr6
 *       | (bexpr)
 *       | symbol
 *       | $
 *       | number
 */

static expr *rexp0(int), *rexp1(int), *rexp2(int), *rexp3(int);

static expr *expr0(int), *expr1(int), *expr2(int), *expr3(int);
static expr *expr4(int), *expr5(int), *expr6(int);

static expr *(*bexpr) (int);

static expr *rexp0(int critical)
{
    expr *e, *f;

    e = rexp1(critical);
    if (!e)
        return NULL;

    while (i == TOKEN_DBL_OR) {
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        f = rexp1(critical);
        if (!f)
            return NULL;
        if (!(is_simple(e) || is_just_unknown(e)) ||
            !(is_simple(f) || is_just_unknown(f))) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "`|' operator may only be applied to"
                  " scalar values");
        }

        if (is_just_unknown(e) || is_just_unknown(f))
            e = unknown_expr();
        else
            e = scalarvect((long)(reloc_value(e) || reloc_value(f)));
    }
    return e;
}

static expr *rexp1(int critical)
{
    expr *e, *f;

    e = rexp2(critical);
    if (!e)
        return NULL;

    while (i == TOKEN_DBL_XOR) {
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        f = rexp2(critical);
        if (!f)
            return NULL;
        if (!(is_simple(e) || is_just_unknown(e)) ||
            !(is_simple(f) || is_just_unknown(f))) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "`^' operator may only be applied to"
                  " scalar values");
        }

        if (is_just_unknown(e) || is_just_unknown(f))
            e = unknown_expr();
        else
            e = scalarvect((long)(!reloc_value(e) ^ !reloc_value(f)));
    }
    return e;
}

static expr *rexp2(int critical)
{
    expr *e, *f;

    e = rexp3(critical);
    if (!e)
        return NULL;
    while (i == TOKEN_DBL_AND) {
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        f = rexp3(critical);
        if (!f)
            return NULL;
        if (!(is_simple(e) || is_just_unknown(e)) ||
            !(is_simple(f) || is_just_unknown(f))) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "`&' operator may only be applied to"
                  " scalar values");
        }
        if (is_just_unknown(e) || is_just_unknown(f))
            e = unknown_expr();
        else
            e = scalarvect((long)(reloc_value(e) && reloc_value(f)));
    }
    return e;
}

static expr *rexp3(int critical)
{
    expr *e, *f;
    long v;

    e = expr0(critical);
    if (!e)
        return NULL;

    while (i == TOKEN_EQ || i == TOKEN_LT || i == TOKEN_GT ||
           i == TOKEN_NE || i == TOKEN_LE || i == TOKEN_GE) {
        int j = i;
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        f = expr0(critical);
        if (!f)
            return NULL;

        e = add_vectors(e, scalar_mult(f, -1L, FALSE));

        switch (j) {
        case TOKEN_EQ:
        case TOKEN_NE:
            if (is_unknown(e))
                v = -1;         /* means unknown */
            else if (!is_really_simple(e) || reloc_value(e) != 0)
                v = (j == TOKEN_NE);    /* unequal, so return TRUE if NE */
            else
                v = (j == TOKEN_EQ);    /* equal, so return TRUE if EQ */
            break;
        default:
            if (is_unknown(e))
                v = -1;         /* means unknown */
            else if (!is_really_simple(e)) {
                error(ERR_NONFATAL,
                      "`%s': operands differ by a non-scalar",
                      (j == TOKEN_LE ? "<=" : j == TOKEN_LT ? "<" : j ==
                       TOKEN_GE ? ">=" : ">"));
                v = 0;          /* must set it to _something_ */
            } else {
                int vv = reloc_value(e);
                if (vv == 0)
                    v = (j == TOKEN_LE || j == TOKEN_GE);
                else if (vv > 0)
                    v = (j == TOKEN_GE || j == TOKEN_GT);
                else            /* vv < 0 */
                    v = (j == TOKEN_LE || j == TOKEN_LT);
            }
            break;
        }

        if (v == -1)
            e = unknown_expr();
        else
            e = scalarvect(v);
    }
    return e;
}

static expr *expr0(int critical)
{
    expr *e, *f;

    e = expr1(critical);
    if (!e)
        return NULL;

    while (i == '|') {
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        f = expr1(critical);
        if (!f)
            return NULL;
        if (!(is_simple(e) || is_just_unknown(e)) ||
            !(is_simple(f) || is_just_unknown(f))) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "`|' operator may only be applied to"
                  " scalar values");
        }
        if (is_just_unknown(e) || is_just_unknown(f))
            e = unknown_expr();
        else
            e = scalarvect(reloc_value(e) | reloc_value(f));
    }
    return e;
}

static expr *expr1(int critical)
{
    expr *e, *f;

    e = expr2(critical);
    if (!e)
        return NULL;

    while (i == '^') {
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        f = expr2(critical);
        if (!f)
            return NULL;
        if (!(is_simple(e) || is_just_unknown(e)) ||
            !(is_simple(f) || is_just_unknown(f))) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "`^' operator may only be applied to"
                  " scalar values");
        }
        if (is_just_unknown(e) || is_just_unknown(f))
            e = unknown_expr();
        else
            e = scalarvect(reloc_value(e) ^ reloc_value(f));
    }
    return e;
}

static expr *expr2(int critical)
{
    expr *e, *f;

    e = expr3(critical);
    if (!e)
        return NULL;

    while (i == '&') {
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        f = expr3(critical);
        if (!f)
            return NULL;
        if (!(is_simple(e) || is_just_unknown(e)) ||
            !(is_simple(f) || is_just_unknown(f))) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "`&' operator may only be applied to"
                  " scalar values");
        }
        if (is_just_unknown(e) || is_just_unknown(f))
            e = unknown_expr();
        else
            e = scalarvect(reloc_value(e) & reloc_value(f));
    }
    return e;
}

static expr *expr3(int critical)
{
    expr *e, *f;

    e = expr4(critical);
    if (!e)
        return NULL;

    while (i == TOKEN_SHL || i == TOKEN_SHR) {
        int j = i;
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        f = expr4(critical);
        if (!f)
            return NULL;
        if (!(is_simple(e) || is_just_unknown(e)) ||
            !(is_simple(f) || is_just_unknown(f))) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "shift operator may only be applied to"
                  " scalar values");
        } else if (is_just_unknown(e) || is_just_unknown(f)) {
            e = unknown_expr();
        } else
            switch (j) {
            case TOKEN_SHL:
                e = scalarvect(reloc_value(e) << reloc_value(f));
                break;
            case TOKEN_SHR:
                e = scalarvect(((unsigned long)reloc_value(e)) >>
                               reloc_value(f));
                break;
            }
    }
    return e;
}

static expr *expr4(int critical)
{
    expr *e, *f;

    e = expr5(critical);
    if (!e)
        return NULL;
    while (i == '+' || i == '-') {
        int j = i;
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        f = expr5(critical);
        if (!f)
            return NULL;
        switch (j) {
        case '+':
            e = add_vectors(e, f);
            break;
        case '-':
            e = add_vectors(e, scalar_mult(f, -1L, FALSE));
            break;
        }
    }
    return e;
}

static expr *expr5(int critical)
{
    expr *e, *f;

    e = expr6(critical);
    if (!e)
        return NULL;
    while (i == '*' || i == '/' || i == '%' ||
           i == TOKEN_SDIV || i == TOKEN_SMOD) {
        int j = i;
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        f = expr6(critical);
        if (!f)
            return NULL;
        if (j != '*' && (!(is_simple(e) || is_just_unknown(e)) ||
                         !(is_simple(f) || is_just_unknown(f)))) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "division operator may only be applied to"
                  " scalar values");
            return NULL;
        }
        if (j != '*' && !is_unknown(f) && reloc_value(f) == 0) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "division by zero");
            return NULL;
        }
        switch (j) {
        case '*':
            if (is_simple(e))
                e = scalar_mult(f, reloc_value(e), TRUE);
            else if (is_simple(f))
                e = scalar_mult(e, reloc_value(f), TRUE);
            else if (is_just_unknown(e) && is_just_unknown(f))
                e = unknown_expr();
            else {
                error(ERR_NONFATAL, "unable to multiply two "
                      "non-scalar objects");
                return NULL;
            }
            break;
        case '/':
            if (is_just_unknown(e) || is_just_unknown(f))
                e = unknown_expr();
            else
                e = scalarvect(((unsigned long)reloc_value(e)) /
                               ((unsigned long)reloc_value(f)));
            break;
        case '%':
            if (is_just_unknown(e) || is_just_unknown(f))
                e = unknown_expr();
            else
                e = scalarvect(((unsigned long)reloc_value(e)) %
                               ((unsigned long)reloc_value(f)));
            break;
        case TOKEN_SDIV:
            if (is_just_unknown(e) || is_just_unknown(f))
                e = unknown_expr();
            else
                e = scalarvect(((signed long)reloc_value(e)) /
                               ((signed long)reloc_value(f)));
            break;
        case TOKEN_SMOD:
            if (is_just_unknown(e) || is_just_unknown(f))
                e = unknown_expr();
            else
                e = scalarvect(((signed long)reloc_value(e)) %
                               ((signed long)reloc_value(f)));
            break;
        }
    }
    return e;
}

static expr *expr6(int critical)
{
    long type;
    expr *e;
    long label_seg, label_ofs;

    if (i == '-') {
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        e = expr6(critical);
        if (!e)
            return NULL;
        return scalar_mult(e, -1L, FALSE);
    } else if (i == '+') {
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        return expr6(critical);
    } else if (i == '~') {
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        e = expr6(critical);
        if (!e)
            return NULL;
        if (is_just_unknown(e))
            return unknown_expr();
        else if (!is_simple(e)) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "`~' operator may only be applied to"
                  " scalar values");
            return NULL;
        }
        return scalarvect(~reloc_value(e));
    } else if (i == TOKEN_SEG) {
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        e = expr6(critical);
        if (!e)
            return NULL;
        e = segment_part(e);
        if (!e)
            return NULL;
        if (is_unknown(e) && critical) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "unable to determine segment base");
            return NULL;
        }
        return e;
    } else if (i == '(') {
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        e = bexpr(critical);
        if (!e)
            return NULL;
        if (i != ')') {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "expecting `)'");
            return NULL;
        }
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        return e;
    } else if (i == TOKEN_NUM || i == TOKEN_REG || i == TOKEN_ID ||
               i == TOKEN_HERE || i == TOKEN_BASE) {
        begintemp();
        switch (i) {
        case TOKEN_NUM:
            addtotemp(EXPR_SIMPLE, tokval->t_integer);
            break;
        case TOKEN_REG:
            addtotemp(tokval->t_integer, 1L);
            if (hint && hint->type == EAH_NOHINT)
                hint->base = tokval->t_integer, hint->type = EAH_MAKEBASE;
            break;
        case TOKEN_ID:
        case TOKEN_HERE:
        case TOKEN_BASE:
            /*
             * If !location->known, this indicates that no
             * symbol, Here or Base references are valid because we
             * are in preprocess-only mode.
             */
            if (!location->known) {
                error(ERR_NONFATAL,
                      "%s not supported in preprocess-only mode",
                      (i == TOKEN_ID ? "symbol references" :
                       i == TOKEN_HERE ? "`$'" : "`$$'"));
                addtotemp(EXPR_UNKNOWN, 1L);
                break;
            }

            type = EXPR_SIMPLE; /* might get overridden by UNKNOWN */
            if (i == TOKEN_BASE) {
                label_seg = in_abs_seg ? abs_seg : location->segment;
                label_ofs = 0;
            } else if (i == TOKEN_HERE) {
                label_seg = in_abs_seg ? abs_seg : location->segment;
                label_ofs = in_abs_seg ? abs_offset : location->offset;
            } else {
                if (!labelfunc(tokval->t_charptr, &label_seg, &label_ofs)) {
                    if (critical == 2) {
                        error(ERR_NONFATAL, "symbol `%s' undefined",
                              tokval->t_charptr);
                        return NULL;
                    } else if (critical == 1) {
                        error(ERR_NONFATAL,
                              "symbol `%s' not defined before use",
                              tokval->t_charptr);
                        return NULL;
                    } else {
                        if (opflags)
                            *opflags |= 1;
                        type = EXPR_UNKNOWN;
                        label_seg = NO_SEG;
                        label_ofs = 1;
                    }
                }
                if (opflags && is_extern(tokval->t_charptr))
                    *opflags |= OPFLAG_EXTERN;
            }
            addtotemp(type, label_ofs);
            if (label_seg != NO_SEG)
                addtotemp(EXPR_SEGBASE + label_seg, 1L);
            break;
        }
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
        return finishtemp();
    } else {
        error(ERR_NONFATAL, "expression syntax error");
        return NULL;
    }
}

void eval_global_info(struct ofmt *output, lfunc lookup_label,
                      loc_t * locp)
{
    outfmt = output;
    labelfunc = lookup_label;
    location = locp;
}

expr *evaluate(scanner sc, void *scprivate, struct tokenval *tv,
               int *fwref, int critical, efunc report_error,
               struct eval_hints *hints)
{
    expr *e;
    expr *f = NULL;

    hint = hints;
    if (hint)
        hint->type = EAH_NOHINT;

    if (critical & CRITICAL) {
        critical &= ~CRITICAL;
        bexpr = rexp0;
    } else
        bexpr = expr0;

    scan = sc;
    scpriv = scprivate;
    tokval = tv;
    error = report_error;
    opflags = fwref;

    if (tokval->t_type == TOKEN_INVALID)
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);
    else
        i = tokval->t_type;

    while (ntempexprs)          /* initialise temporary storage */
        nasm_free(tempexprs[--ntempexprs]);

    e = bexpr(critical);
    if (!e)
        return NULL;

    if (i == TOKEN_WRT) {
        i = scan(scpriv, tokval);       /* eat the WRT */
        f = expr6(critical);
        if (!f)
            return NULL;
    }
    e = scalar_mult(e, 1L, FALSE);      /* strip far-absolute segment part */
    if (f) {
        expr *g;
        if (is_just_unknown(f))
            g = unknown_expr();
        else {
            long value;
            begintemp();
            if (!is_reloc(f)) {
                error(ERR_NONFATAL, "invalid right-hand operand to WRT");
                return NULL;
            }
            value = reloc_seg(f);
            if (value == NO_SEG)
                value = reloc_value(f) | SEG_ABS;
            else if (!(value & SEG_ABS) && !(value % 2) && critical) {
                error(ERR_NONFATAL, "invalid right-hand operand to WRT");
                return NULL;
            }
            addtotemp(EXPR_WRT, value);
            g = finishtemp();
        }
        e = add_vectors(e, g);
    }
    return e;
}