Add a new BitBuffer class to webrtc base.

Provides a read-only interface for reading byte and bit-sized data from
an underlying buffer in network/big-endian order. Also provides a method
for reading exponential golomb encoded values, which will be useful in
H.264 packet parsing (separate CL).

BUG=
R=pthatcher@webrtc.org

Review URL: https://webrtc-codereview.appspot.com/49719004

Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#9046}
diff --git a/webrtc/base/bitbuffer_unittest.cc b/webrtc/base/bitbuffer_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..143ea6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/webrtc/base/bitbuffer_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2015 The WebRTC Project Authors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#include "webrtc/base/bitbuffer.h"
+#include "webrtc/base/bytebuffer.h"
+#include "webrtc/base/common.h"
+#include "webrtc/base/gunit.h"
+
+namespace rtc {
+
+TEST(BitBufferTest, ConsumeBits) {
+  const uint8 bytes[64] = {0};
+  BitBuffer buffer(bytes, 32);
+  uint64 total_bits = 32 * 8;
+  EXPECT_EQ(total_bits, buffer.RemainingBitCount());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ConsumeBits(3));
+  total_bits -= 3;
+  EXPECT_EQ(total_bits, buffer.RemainingBitCount());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ConsumeBits(3));
+  total_bits -= 3;
+  EXPECT_EQ(total_bits, buffer.RemainingBitCount());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ConsumeBits(15));
+  total_bits -= 15;
+  EXPECT_EQ(total_bits, buffer.RemainingBitCount());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ConsumeBits(37));
+  total_bits -= 37;
+  EXPECT_EQ(total_bits, buffer.RemainingBitCount());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(buffer.ConsumeBits(32 * 8));
+  EXPECT_EQ(total_bits, buffer.RemainingBitCount());
+}
+
+TEST(BitBufferTest, ReadBytesAligned) {
+  const uint8 bytes[] = {0x0A, 0xBC, 0xDE, 0xF1, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89};
+  uint8 val8;
+  uint16 val16;
+  uint32 val32;
+  BitBuffer buffer(bytes, 8);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadUInt8(&val8));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x0Au, val8);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadUInt8(&val8));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xBCu, val8);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadUInt16(&val16));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xDEF1u, val16);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadUInt32(&val32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x23456789u, val32);
+}
+
+TEST(BitBufferTest, ReadBytesOffset4) {
+  const uint8 bytes[] = {0x0A, 0xBC, 0xDE, 0xF1, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0x0A};
+  uint8 val8;
+  uint16 val16;
+  uint32 val32;
+  BitBuffer buffer(bytes, 9);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ConsumeBits(4));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadUInt8(&val8));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xABu, val8);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadUInt8(&val8));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xCDu, val8);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadUInt16(&val16));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xEF12u, val16);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadUInt32(&val32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x34567890u, val32);
+}
+
+TEST(BitBufferTest, ReadBytesOffset3) {
+  // The pattern we'll check against is counting down from 0b1111. It looks
+  // weird here because it's all offset by 3.
+  // Byte pattern is:
+  //    56701234
+  //  0b00011111,
+  //  0b11011011,
+  //  0b10010111,
+  //  0b01010011,
+  //  0b00001110,
+  //  0b11001010,
+  //  0b10000110,
+  //  0b01000010
+  //       xxxxx <-- last 5 bits unused.
+
+  // The bytes. It almost looks like counting down by two at a time, except the
+  // jump at 5->3->0, since that's when the high bit is turned off.
+  const uint8 bytes[] = {0x1F, 0xDB, 0x97, 0x53, 0x0E, 0xCA, 0x86, 0x42};
+
+  uint8 val8;
+  uint16 val16;
+  uint32 val32;
+  BitBuffer buffer(bytes, 8);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ConsumeBits(3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadUInt8(&val8));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xFEu, val8);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadUInt16(&val16));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xDCBAu, val16);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadUInt32(&val32));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x98765432u, val32);
+  // 5 bits left unread. Not enough to read a uint8.
+  EXPECT_EQ(5u, buffer.RemainingBitCount());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(buffer.ReadUInt8(&val8));
+}
+
+TEST(BitBufferTest, ReadBits) {
+  // Bit values are:
+  //  0b01001101,
+  //  0b00110010
+  const uint8 bytes[] = {0x4D, 0x32};
+  uint32_t val;
+  BitBuffer buffer(bytes, 2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadBits(&val, 3));
+  // 0b010
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2u, val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadBits(&val, 2));
+  // 0b01
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1u, val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadBits(&val, 7));
+  // 0b1010011
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x53u, val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadBits(&val, 2));
+  // 0b00
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x0u, val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadBits(&val, 1));
+  // 0b1
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1u, val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadBits(&val, 1));
+  // 0b0
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x0u, val);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(buffer.ReadBits(&val, 1));
+}
+
+uint64 GolombEncoded(uint32 val) {
+  val++;
+  uint32 bit_counter = val;
+  uint64 bit_count = 0;
+  while (bit_counter > 0) {
+    bit_count++;
+    bit_counter >>= 1;
+  }
+  return static_cast<uint64>(val) << (64 - (bit_count * 2 - 1));
+}
+
+TEST(BitBufferTest, GolombString) {
+  char test_string[] = "my precious";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(test_string); ++i) {
+    uint64 encoded_val = GolombEncoded(test_string[i]);
+    // Use ByteBuffer to convert to bytes, to account for endianness (BitBuffer
+    // requires network order).
+    ByteBuffer byteBuffer;
+    byteBuffer.WriteUInt64(encoded_val);
+    BitBuffer buffer(reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(byteBuffer.Data()),
+                     byteBuffer.Length());
+    uint32 decoded_val;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(buffer.ReadExponentialGolomb(&decoded_val));
+    EXPECT_EQ(test_string[i], static_cast<char>(decoded_val));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(BitBufferTest, NoGolombOverread) {
+  const uint8 bytes[] = {0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+  // Make sure the bit buffer correctly enforces byte length on golomb reads.
+  // If it didn't, the above buffer would be valid at 3 bytes.
+  BitBuffer buffer(bytes, 1);
+  uint32 decoded_val;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(buffer.ReadExponentialGolomb(&decoded_val));
+
+  BitBuffer longer_buffer(bytes, 2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(longer_buffer.ReadExponentialGolomb(&decoded_val));
+
+  BitBuffer longest_buffer(bytes, 3);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(longest_buffer.ReadExponentialGolomb(&decoded_val));
+  // Golomb should have read 9 bits, so 0x01FF, and since it is golomb, the
+  // result is 0x01FF - 1 = 0x01FE.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x01FEu, decoded_val);
+}
+
+}  // namespace rtc