Move optional.h to webrtc/api/

We use Optional in our public API, so its header should be in
webrtc/api/.

BUG=webrtc:8205

Review-Url: https://codereview.webrtc.org/3011943002
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#19693}
diff --git a/webrtc/api/optional_unittest.cc b/webrtc/api/optional_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8f9cf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/webrtc/api/optional_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,829 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2015 The WebRTC Project Authors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "webrtc/api/optional.h"
+#include "webrtc/rtc_base/gunit.h"
+
+namespace rtc {
+
+namespace {
+
+struct MyUnprintableType {
+  int value;
+};
+
+struct MyPrintableType {
+  int value;
+};
+
+struct MyOstreamPrintableType {
+  int value;
+};
+
+void PrintTo(const MyPrintableType& mpt, std::ostream* os) {
+  *os << "The value is " << mpt.value;
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const MyPrintableType& mpt) {
+  os << mpt.value;
+  return os;
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const MyOstreamPrintableType& mpt) {
+  os << mpt.value;
+  return os;
+}
+
+// Class whose instances logs various method calls (constructor, destructor,
+// etc.). Each instance has a unique ID (a simple global sequence number) and
+// an origin ID. When a copy is made, the new object gets a fresh ID but copies
+// the origin ID from the original. When a new Logger is created from scratch,
+// it gets a fresh ID, and the origin ID is the same as the ID (default
+// constructor) or given as an argument (explicit constructor).
+class Logger {
+ public:
+  Logger() : id_(g_next_id++), origin_(id_) { Log("default constructor"); }
+  explicit Logger(int origin) : id_(g_next_id++), origin_(origin) {
+    Log("explicit constructor");
+  }
+  Logger(int origin, const Logger& pass_by_ref, Logger pass_by_value)
+      : id_(g_next_id++), origin_(origin) {
+    Log("multi parameter constructor");
+  }
+  Logger(const Logger& other) : id_(g_next_id++), origin_(other.origin_) {
+    LogFrom("copy constructor", other);
+  }
+  Logger(Logger&& other) : id_(g_next_id++), origin_(other.origin_) {
+    LogFrom("move constructor", other);
+  }
+  ~Logger() { Log("destructor"); }
+  Logger& operator=(const Logger& other) {
+    origin_ = other.origin_;
+    LogFrom("operator= copy", other);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  Logger& operator=(Logger&& other) {
+    origin_ = other.origin_;
+    LogFrom("operator= move", other);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  friend void swap(Logger& a, Logger& b) {
+    using std::swap;
+    swap(a.origin_, b.origin_);
+    Log2("swap", a, b);
+  }
+  friend bool operator==(const Logger& a, const Logger& b) {
+    Log2("operator==", a, b);
+    return a.origin_ == b.origin_;
+  }
+  friend bool operator!=(const Logger& a, const Logger& b) {
+    Log2("operator!=", a, b);
+    return a.origin_ != b.origin_;
+  }
+  void Foo() { Log("Foo()"); }
+  void Foo() const { Log("Foo() const"); }
+  static std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::string>> Setup() {
+    std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::string>> s(new std::vector<std::string>);
+    g_log = s.get();
+    g_next_id = 0;
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  int id_;
+  int origin_;
+  static std::vector<std::string>* g_log;
+  static int g_next_id;
+  void Log(const char* msg) const {
+    std::ostringstream oss;
+    oss << id_ << ':' << origin_ << ". " << msg;
+    g_log->push_back(oss.str());
+  }
+  void LogFrom(const char* msg, const Logger& other) const {
+    std::ostringstream oss;
+    oss << id_ << ':' << origin_ << ". " << msg << " (from " << other.id_ << ':'
+        << other.origin_ << ")";
+    g_log->push_back(oss.str());
+  }
+  static void Log2(const char* msg, const Logger& a, const Logger& b) {
+    std::ostringstream oss;
+    oss << msg << ' ' << a.id_ << ':' << a.origin_ << ", " << b.id_ << ':'
+        << b.origin_;
+    g_log->push_back(oss.str());
+  }
+};
+
+std::vector<std::string>* Logger::g_log = nullptr;
+int Logger::g_next_id = 0;
+
+// Append all the other args to the vector pointed to by the first arg.
+template <typename T>
+void VectorAppend(std::vector<T>* v) {}
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+void VectorAppend(std::vector<T>* v, const T& e, Ts... es) {
+  v->push_back(e);
+  VectorAppend(v, es...);
+}
+
+// Create a vector of strings. Because we're not allowed to use
+// std::initializer_list.
+template <typename... Ts>
+std::vector<std::string> V(Ts... es) {
+  std::vector<std::string> strings;
+  VectorAppend(&strings, static_cast<std::string>(es)...);
+  return strings;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestConstructDefault) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(x);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(x.has_value());
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(V(), *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestConstructCopyEmpty) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(x);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(x.has_value());
+    auto y = x;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(y);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(y.has_value());
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(V(), *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestConstructCopyFull) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Logger a;
+    Optional<Logger> x(a);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(x);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(x.has_value());
+    log->push_back("---");
+    auto y = x;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(y);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(y.has_value());
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("0:0. default constructor", "1:0. copy constructor (from 0:0)",
+              "---", "2:0. copy constructor (from 1:0)", "---",
+              "2:0. destructor", "1:0. destructor", "0:0. destructor"),
+            *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestConstructMoveEmpty) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(x);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(x.has_value());
+    auto y = std::move(x);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(y);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(y.has_value());
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(V(), *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestConstructMoveFull) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(17));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(x);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(x.has_value());
+    log->push_back("---");
+    auto y = std::move(x);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(x);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(x.has_value());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(y);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(y.has_value());
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "0:17. destructor", "---", "2:17. move constructor (from 1:17)", "---",
+        "2:17. destructor", "1:17. destructor"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestCopyAssignToEmptyFromEmpty) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x, y;
+    x = y;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(V(), *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestCopyAssignToFullFromEmpty) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(17));
+    Optional<Logger> y;
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x = y;
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "0:17. destructor", "---", "1:17. destructor", "---"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestCopyAssignToEmptyFromFull) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x;
+    Optional<Logger> y(Logger(17));
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x = y;
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "0:17. destructor", "---", "2:17. copy constructor (from 1:17)", "---",
+        "1:17. destructor", "2:17. destructor"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestCopyAssignToFullFromFull) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(17));
+    Optional<Logger> y(Logger(42));
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x = y;
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "0:17. destructor", "2:42. explicit constructor",
+        "3:42. move constructor (from 2:42)", "2:42. destructor", "---",
+        "1:42. operator= copy (from 3:42)", "---", "3:42. destructor",
+        "1:42. destructor"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestCopyAssignToEmptyFromT) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x;
+    Logger y(17);
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x = Optional<Logger>(y);
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("0:17. explicit constructor", "---",
+              "1:17. copy constructor (from 0:17)",
+              "2:17. move constructor (from 1:17)", "1:17. destructor", "---",
+              "0:17. destructor", "2:17. destructor"),
+            *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestCopyAssignToFullFromT) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(17));
+    Logger y(42);
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x = Optional<Logger>(y);
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "0:17. destructor", "2:42. explicit constructor", "---",
+        "3:42. copy constructor (from 2:42)",
+        "1:42. operator= move (from 3:42)", "3:42. destructor", "---",
+        "2:42. destructor", "1:42. destructor"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestMoveAssignToEmptyFromEmpty) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x, y;
+    x = std::move(y);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(V(), *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestMoveAssignToFullFromEmpty) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(17));
+    Optional<Logger> y;
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x = std::move(y);
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "0:17. destructor", "---", "1:17. destructor", "---"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestMoveAssignToEmptyFromFull) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x;
+    Optional<Logger> y(Logger(17));
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x = std::move(y);
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "0:17. destructor", "---", "2:17. move constructor (from 1:17)", "---",
+        "1:17. destructor", "2:17. destructor"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestMoveAssignToFullFromFull) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(17));
+    Optional<Logger> y(Logger(42));
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x = std::move(y);
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "0:17. destructor", "2:42. explicit constructor",
+        "3:42. move constructor (from 2:42)", "2:42. destructor", "---",
+        "1:42. operator= move (from 3:42)", "---", "3:42. destructor",
+        "1:42. destructor"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestMoveAssignToEmptyFromT) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x;
+    Logger y(17);
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x = Optional<Logger>(std::move(y));
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("0:17. explicit constructor", "---",
+              "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+              "2:17. move constructor (from 1:17)", "1:17. destructor", "---",
+              "0:17. destructor", "2:17. destructor"),
+            *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestMoveAssignToFullFromT) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(17));
+    Logger y(42);
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x = Optional<Logger>(std::move(y));
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "0:17. destructor", "2:42. explicit constructor", "---",
+        "3:42. move constructor (from 2:42)",
+        "1:42. operator= move (from 3:42)", "3:42. destructor", "---",
+        "2:42. destructor", "1:42. destructor"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestResetEmpty) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x;
+    x.reset();
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(V(), *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestResetFull) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(17));
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x.reset();
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "0:17. destructor", "---", "1:17. destructor", "---"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestEmplaceEmptyWithExplicit) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x;
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x.emplace(42);
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  // clang-format off
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("---",
+              "0:42. explicit constructor",
+              "---",
+              "0:42. destructor"),
+            *log);
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestEmplaceEmptyWithMultipleParameters) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x;
+    Logger ref(21);
+    Logger value(35);
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x.emplace(42, ref, std::move(value));
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  // clang-format off
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("0:21. explicit constructor",
+              "1:35. explicit constructor",
+              "---",
+              "2:35. move constructor (from 1:35)",
+              "3:42. multi parameter constructor",
+              "2:35. destructor",
+              "---",
+              "1:35. destructor",
+              "0:21. destructor",
+              "3:42. destructor"),
+            *log);
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestEmplaceEmptyWithCopy) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x;
+    Logger y(42);
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x.emplace(y);
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  // clang-format off
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("0:42. explicit constructor",
+              "---",
+              "1:42. copy constructor (from 0:42)",
+              "---",
+              "0:42. destructor",
+              "1:42. destructor"),
+            *log);
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestEmplaceEmptyWithMove) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x;
+    Logger y(42);
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x.emplace(std::move(y));
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  // clang-format off
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("0:42. explicit constructor",
+              "---",
+              "1:42. move constructor (from 0:42)",
+              "---",
+              "0:42. destructor",
+              "1:42. destructor"),
+            *log);
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestEmplaceFullWithExplicit) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(17));
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x.emplace(42);
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  // clang-format off
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor",
+        "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "0:17. destructor",
+        "---",
+        "1:17. destructor",
+        "2:42. explicit constructor",
+        "---",
+        "2:42. destructor"),
+      *log);
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestEmplaceFullWithMultipleParameters) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(17));
+    Logger ref(21);
+    Logger value(35);
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x.emplace(42, ref, std::move(value));
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  // clang-format off
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("0:17. explicit constructor",
+              "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+              "0:17. destructor",
+              "2:21. explicit constructor",
+              "3:35. explicit constructor",
+              "---",
+              "1:17. destructor",
+              "4:35. move constructor (from 3:35)",
+              "5:42. multi parameter constructor",
+              "4:35. destructor",
+              "---",
+              "3:35. destructor",
+              "2:21. destructor",
+              "5:42. destructor"),
+            *log);
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestEmplaceFullWithCopy) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(17));
+    Logger y(42);
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x.emplace(y);
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  // clang-format off
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("0:17. explicit constructor",
+              "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+              "0:17. destructor",
+              "2:42. explicit constructor",
+              "---",
+              "1:17. destructor",
+              "3:42. copy constructor (from 2:42)",
+              "---",
+              "2:42. destructor",
+              "3:42. destructor"),
+           *log);
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestEmplaceFullWithMove) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(17));
+    Logger y(42);
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x.emplace(std::move(y));
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  // clang-format off
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("0:17. explicit constructor",
+              "1:17. move constructor (from 0:17)",
+              "0:17. destructor",
+              "2:42. explicit constructor",
+              "---",
+              "1:17. destructor",
+              "3:42. move constructor (from 2:42)",
+              "---",
+              "2:42. destructor",
+              "3:42. destructor"),
+            *log);
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestDereference) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(42));
+    const auto& y = x;
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x->Foo();
+    y->Foo();
+    std::move(x)->Foo();
+    std::move(y)->Foo();
+    log->push_back("---");
+    (*x).Foo();
+    (*y).Foo();
+    (*std::move(x)).Foo();
+    (*std::move(y)).Foo();
+    log->push_back("---");
+    x.value().Foo();
+    y.value().Foo();
+    std::move(x).value().Foo();
+    std::move(y).value().Foo();
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  // clang-format off
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("0:42. explicit constructor",
+              "1:42. move constructor (from 0:42)",
+              "0:42. destructor",
+              "---",
+              "1:42. Foo()",
+              "1:42. Foo() const",
+              "1:42. Foo()",
+              "1:42. Foo() const",
+              "---",
+              "1:42. Foo()",
+              "1:42. Foo() const",
+              "1:42. Foo()",
+              "1:42. Foo() const",
+              "---",
+              "1:42. Foo()",
+              "1:42. Foo() const",
+              "1:42. Foo()",
+              "1:42. Foo() const",
+              "---",
+              "1:42. destructor"),
+            *log);
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestDereferenceWithDefault) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    const Logger a(17), b(42);
+    Optional<Logger> x(a);
+    Optional<Logger> y;
+    log->push_back("-1-");
+    EXPECT_EQ(a, x.value_or(Logger(42)));
+    log->push_back("-2-");
+    EXPECT_EQ(b, y.value_or(Logger(42)));
+    log->push_back("-3-");
+    EXPECT_EQ(a, Optional<Logger>(Logger(17)).value_or(b));
+    log->push_back("-4-");
+    EXPECT_EQ(b, Optional<Logger>().value_or(b));
+    log->push_back("-5-");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:42. explicit constructor",
+        "2:17. copy constructor (from 0:17)", "-1-",
+        "3:42. explicit constructor", "operator== 0:17, 2:17",
+        "3:42. destructor", "-2-", "4:42. explicit constructor",
+        "operator== 1:42, 4:42", "4:42. destructor", "-3-",
+        "5:17. explicit constructor", "6:17. move constructor (from 5:17)",
+        "operator== 0:17, 6:17", "6:17. destructor", "5:17. destructor", "-4-",
+        "operator== 1:42, 1:42", "-5-", "2:17. destructor", "1:42. destructor",
+        "0:17. destructor"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestEquality) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Logger a(17), b(42);
+    Optional<Logger> ma1(a), ma2(a), mb(b), me1, me2;
+    log->push_back("---");
+    EXPECT_EQ(ma1, ma1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ma1, ma2);
+    EXPECT_NE(ma1, mb);
+    EXPECT_NE(ma1, me1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(me1, me1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(me1, me2);
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:42. explicit constructor",
+        "2:17. copy constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "3:17. copy constructor (from 0:17)",
+        "4:42. copy constructor (from 1:42)", "---", "operator== 2:17, 2:17",
+        "operator== 2:17, 3:17", "operator!= 2:17, 4:42", "---",
+        "4:42. destructor", "3:17. destructor", "2:17. destructor",
+        "1:42. destructor", "0:17. destructor"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestEqualityWithObject) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Logger a(17), b(42);
+    Optional<Logger> ma(a), me;
+    // Using operator== and operator!= explicetly instead of EXPECT_EQ/EXPECT_NE
+    // macros because those operators are under test.
+    log->push_back("---");
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ma == a);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(a == ma);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(ma == b);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(b == ma);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(me == a);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(a == me);
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(ma != a);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(a != ma);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ma != b);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(b != ma);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(me != a);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(a != me);
+
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  // clang-format off
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("0:17. explicit constructor",
+              "1:42. explicit constructor",
+              "2:17. copy constructor (from 0:17)",
+              "---",
+              "operator== 2:17, 0:17",
+              "operator== 0:17, 2:17",
+              "operator== 2:17, 1:42",
+              "operator== 1:42, 2:17",
+              // No operator should be called when comparing to empty.
+              "operator!= 2:17, 0:17",
+              "operator!= 0:17, 2:17",
+              "operator!= 2:17, 1:42",
+              "operator!= 1:42, 2:17",
+              // No operator should be called when comparing to empty.
+              "---",
+              "2:17. destructor",
+              "1:42. destructor",
+              "0:17. destructor"),
+            *log);
+  // clang-format on
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestSwap) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Logger a(17), b(42);
+    Optional<Logger> x1(a), x2(b), y1(a), y2, z1, z2;
+    log->push_back("---");
+    swap(x1, x2);  // Swap full <-> full.
+    swap(y1, y2);  // Swap full <-> empty.
+    swap(z1, z2);  // Swap empty <-> empty.
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(V("0:17. explicit constructor", "1:42. explicit constructor",
+              "2:17. copy constructor (from 0:17)",
+              "3:42. copy constructor (from 1:42)",
+              "4:17. copy constructor (from 0:17)", "---", "swap 2:42, 3:17",
+              "5:17. move constructor (from 4:17)", "4:17. destructor", "---",
+              "5:17. destructor", "3:17. destructor", "2:42. destructor",
+              "1:42. destructor", "0:17. destructor"),
+            *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestMoveValue) {
+  auto log = Logger::Setup();
+  {
+    Optional<Logger> x(Logger(42));
+    log->push_back("---");
+    Logger moved = x.MoveValue();
+    log->push_back("---");
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      V("0:42. explicit constructor", "1:42. move constructor (from 0:42)",
+        "0:42. destructor", "---", "2:42. move constructor (from 1:42)", "---",
+        "2:42. destructor", "1:42. destructor"),
+      *log);
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, TestPrintTo) {
+  constexpr char kEmptyOptionalMessage[] = "<empty optional>";
+  const Optional<MyUnprintableType> empty_unprintable;
+  const Optional<MyPrintableType> empty_printable;
+  const Optional<MyOstreamPrintableType> empty_ostream_printable;
+  EXPECT_EQ(kEmptyOptionalMessage, ::testing::PrintToString(empty_unprintable));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kEmptyOptionalMessage, ::testing::PrintToString(empty_printable));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kEmptyOptionalMessage,
+            ::testing::PrintToString(empty_ostream_printable));
+  EXPECT_NE("1", ::testing::PrintToString(Optional<MyUnprintableType>({1})));
+  EXPECT_NE("1", ::testing::PrintToString(Optional<MyPrintableType>({1})));
+  EXPECT_EQ("The value is 1",
+            ::testing::PrintToString(Optional<MyPrintableType>({1})));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1",
+            ::testing::PrintToString(Optional<MyOstreamPrintableType>({1})));
+}
+
+void UnusedFunctionWorkaround() {
+  // These are here to ensure we don't get warnings about ostream and PrintTo
+  // for MyPrintableType never getting called.
+  const MyPrintableType dont_warn{17};
+  const MyOstreamPrintableType dont_warn2{18};
+  std::stringstream sstr;
+  sstr << dont_warn;
+  PrintTo(dont_warn, &sstr);
+  sstr << dont_warn2;
+}
+
+}  // namespace rtc