Refactor DelayManager into separate Histogram class and make it injectable for testing purposes.

Change-Id: I98aa3f992169e598fc1a3dd850400183395fe1fe
Bug: webrtc:10333
Reviewed-on: https://webrtc-review.googlesource.com/c/123445
Commit-Queue: Jakob Ivarsson‎ <jakobi@webrtc.org>
Reviewed-by: Minyue Li <minyue@webrtc.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#26797}
diff --git a/modules/audio_coding/BUILD.gn b/modules/audio_coding/BUILD.gn
index 7999cc5..693fa65 100644
--- a/modules/audio_coding/BUILD.gn
+++ b/modules/audio_coding/BUILD.gn
@@ -943,6 +943,8 @@
     "neteq/expand.h",
     "neteq/expand_uma_logger.cc",
     "neteq/expand_uma_logger.h",
+    "neteq/histogram.cc",
+    "neteq/histogram.h",
     "neteq/include/neteq.h",
     "neteq/merge.cc",
     "neteq/merge.h",
@@ -999,6 +1001,7 @@
     "../../rtc_base/system:fallthrough",
     "../../system_wrappers:field_trial",
     "../../system_wrappers:metrics",
+    "//third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/memory",
     "//third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings",
     "//third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/types:optional",
   ]
@@ -1969,6 +1972,7 @@
       "neteq/dtmf_buffer_unittest.cc",
       "neteq/dtmf_tone_generator_unittest.cc",
       "neteq/expand_unittest.cc",
+      "neteq/histogram_unittest.cc",
       "neteq/merge_unittest.cc",
       "neteq/mock/mock_buffer_level_filter.h",
       "neteq/mock/mock_decoder_database.h",
@@ -1977,6 +1981,7 @@
       "neteq/mock/mock_dtmf_buffer.h",
       "neteq/mock/mock_dtmf_tone_generator.h",
       "neteq/mock/mock_expand.h",
+      "neteq/mock/mock_histogram.h",
       "neteq/mock/mock_packet_buffer.h",
       "neteq/mock/mock_red_payload_splitter.h",
       "neteq/mock/mock_statistics_calculator.h",
diff --git a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/decision_logic_unittest.cc b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/decision_logic_unittest.cc
index ebc24d4..2e9b923 100644
--- a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/decision_logic_unittest.cc
+++ b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/decision_logic_unittest.cc
@@ -31,11 +31,12 @@
   TickTimer tick_timer;
   PacketBuffer packet_buffer(10, &tick_timer);
   DelayPeakDetector delay_peak_detector(&tick_timer, false);
-  DelayManager delay_manager(240, 0, false, &delay_peak_detector, &tick_timer);
+  auto delay_manager =
+      DelayManager::Create(240, 0, false, &delay_peak_detector, &tick_timer);
   BufferLevelFilter buffer_level_filter;
   DecisionLogic* logic = DecisionLogic::Create(
       fs_hz, output_size_samples, false, &decoder_database, packet_buffer,
-      &delay_manager, &buffer_level_filter, &tick_timer);
+      delay_manager.get(), &buffer_level_filter, &tick_timer);
   delete logic;
 }
 
@@ -48,14 +49,15 @@
   TickTimer tick_timer;
   PacketBuffer packet_buffer(10, &tick_timer);
   DelayPeakDetector delay_peak_detector(&tick_timer, false);
-  DelayManager delay_manager(240, 0, false, &delay_peak_detector, &tick_timer);
+  auto delay_manager =
+      DelayManager::Create(240, 0, false, &delay_peak_detector, &tick_timer);
   BufferLevelFilter buffer_level_filter;
   {
     test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trial(
         "WebRTC-Audio-NetEqPostponeDecodingAfterExpand/Enabled/");
     DecisionLogic logic(kFsHz, kOutputSizeSamples, false, &decoder_database,
-                        packet_buffer, &delay_manager, &buffer_level_filter,
-                        &tick_timer);
+                        packet_buffer, delay_manager.get(),
+                        &buffer_level_filter, &tick_timer);
     EXPECT_EQ(kDefaultPostponeDecodingLevel,
               logic.postpone_decoding_level_for_test());
   }
@@ -63,24 +65,24 @@
     test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trial(
         "WebRTC-Audio-NetEqPostponeDecodingAfterExpand/Enabled-65/");
     DecisionLogic logic(kFsHz, kOutputSizeSamples, false, &decoder_database,
-                        packet_buffer, &delay_manager, &buffer_level_filter,
-                        &tick_timer);
+                        packet_buffer, delay_manager.get(),
+                        &buffer_level_filter, &tick_timer);
     EXPECT_EQ(65, logic.postpone_decoding_level_for_test());
   }
   {
     test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trial(
         "WebRTC-Audio-NetEqPostponeDecodingAfterExpand/Disabled/");
     DecisionLogic logic(kFsHz, kOutputSizeSamples, false, &decoder_database,
-                        packet_buffer, &delay_manager, &buffer_level_filter,
-                        &tick_timer);
+                        packet_buffer, delay_manager.get(),
+                        &buffer_level_filter, &tick_timer);
     EXPECT_EQ(0, logic.postpone_decoding_level_for_test());
   }
   {
     test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trial(
         "WebRTC-Audio-NetEqPostponeDecodingAfterExpand/Enabled--1/");
     DecisionLogic logic(kFsHz, kOutputSizeSamples, false, &decoder_database,
-                        packet_buffer, &delay_manager, &buffer_level_filter,
-                        &tick_timer);
+                        packet_buffer, delay_manager.get(),
+                        &buffer_level_filter, &tick_timer);
     EXPECT_EQ(kDefaultPostponeDecodingLevel,
               logic.postpone_decoding_level_for_test());
   }
@@ -88,8 +90,8 @@
     test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trial(
         "WebRTC-Audio-NetEqPostponeDecodingAfterExpand/Enabled-101/");
     DecisionLogic logic(kFsHz, kOutputSizeSamples, false, &decoder_database,
-                        packet_buffer, &delay_manager, &buffer_level_filter,
-                        &tick_timer);
+                        packet_buffer, delay_manager.get(),
+                        &buffer_level_filter, &tick_timer);
     EXPECT_EQ(kDefaultPostponeDecodingLevel,
               logic.postpone_decoding_level_for_test());
   }
diff --git a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager.cc b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager.cc
index d2dd85d..e22a408 100644
--- a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager.cc
+++ b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager.cc
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <numeric>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "absl/memory/memory.h"
 #include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_peak_detector.h"
 #include "modules/include/module_common_types_public.h"
 #include "rtc_base/checks.h"
@@ -27,16 +28,15 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-constexpr int kLimitProbability = 53687091;         // 1/20 in Q30.
-constexpr int kLimitProbabilityStreaming = 536871;  // 1/2000 in Q30.
-constexpr int kMaxStreamingPeakPeriodMs = 600000;   // 10 minutes in ms.
+constexpr int kLimitProbability = 1020054733;           // 19/20 in Q30.
+constexpr int kLimitProbabilityStreaming = 1073204953;  // 1999/2000 in Q30.
+constexpr int kMaxStreamingPeakPeriodMs = 600000;       // 10 minutes in ms.
 constexpr int kCumulativeSumDrift = 2;  // Drift term for cumulative sum
                                         // |iat_cumulative_sum_|.
 constexpr int kMinBaseMinimumDelayMs = 0;
 constexpr int kMaxBaseMinimumDelayMs = 10000;
-// Steady-state forgetting factor for |iat_vector_|, 0.9993 in Q15.
-constexpr int kIatFactor_ = 32745;
-constexpr int kMaxIat = 64;  // Max inter-arrival time to register.
+constexpr int kIatFactor = 32745;  // 0.9993 in Q15.
+constexpr int kMaxIat = 64;        // Max inter-arrival time to register.
 constexpr int kMaxReorderedPackets =
     10;  // Max number of consecutive reordered packets.
 
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
     double percentile = -1.0;
     if (sscanf(field_trial_string.c_str(), "Enabled-%lf", &percentile) == 1 &&
         percentile >= 0.0 && percentile <= 100.0) {
-      return absl::make_optional<int>(static_cast<int>(
-          (1 << 30) * (100.0 - percentile) / 100.0 + 0.5));  // in Q30.
+      return absl::make_optional<int>(
+          static_cast<int>((1 << 30) * percentile / 100.0 + 0.5));  // in Q30.
     } else {
       RTC_LOG(LS_WARNING) << "Invalid parameter for "
                           << kForceTargetDelayPercentileFieldTrial
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@
                            int base_minimum_delay_ms,
                            bool enable_rtx_handling,
                            DelayPeakDetector* peak_detector,
-                           const TickTimer* tick_timer)
+                           const TickTimer* tick_timer,
+                           std::unique_ptr<Histogram> iat_histogram)
     : first_packet_received_(false),
       max_packets_in_buffer_(max_packets_in_buffer),
-      iat_vector_(kMaxIat + 1, 0),
-      iat_factor_(0),
+      iat_histogram_(std::move(iat_histogram)),
       tick_timer_(tick_timer),
       base_minimum_delay_ms_(base_minimum_delay_ms),
       effective_minimum_delay_ms_(base_minimum_delay_ms),
@@ -95,33 +95,26 @@
       forced_limit_probability_(GetForcedLimitProbability()),
       enable_rtx_handling_(enable_rtx_handling) {
   assert(peak_detector);  // Should never be NULL.
+  RTC_CHECK(iat_histogram_);
   RTC_DCHECK_GE(base_minimum_delay_ms_, 0);
 
   Reset();
 }
 
+std::unique_ptr<DelayManager> DelayManager::Create(
+    size_t max_packets_in_buffer,
+    int base_minimum_delay_ms,
+    bool enable_rtx_handling,
+    DelayPeakDetector* peak_detector,
+    const TickTimer* tick_timer) {
+  return absl::make_unique<DelayManager>(
+      max_packets_in_buffer, base_minimum_delay_ms, enable_rtx_handling,
+      peak_detector, tick_timer,
+      absl::make_unique<Histogram>(kMaxIat + 1, kIatFactor));
+}
+
 DelayManager::~DelayManager() {}
 
-const DelayManager::IATVector& DelayManager::iat_vector() const {
-  return iat_vector_;
-}
-
-// Set the histogram vector to an exponentially decaying distribution
-// iat_vector_[i] = 0.5^(i+1), i = 0, 1, 2, ...
-// iat_vector_ is in Q30.
-void DelayManager::ResetHistogram() {
-  // Set temp_prob to (slightly more than) 1 in Q14. This ensures that the sum
-  // of iat_vector_ is 1.
-  uint16_t temp_prob = 0x4002;  // 16384 + 2 = 100000000000010 binary.
-  IATVector::iterator it = iat_vector_.begin();
-  for (; it < iat_vector_.end(); it++) {
-    temp_prob >>= 1;
-    (*it) = temp_prob << 16;
-  }
-  base_target_level_ = 4;
-  target_level_ = base_target_level_ << 8;
-}
-
 int DelayManager::Update(uint16_t sequence_number,
                          uint32_t timestamp,
                          int sample_rate_hz) {
@@ -157,8 +150,8 @@
   if (packet_len_ms > 0) {
     // Cannot update statistics unless |packet_len_ms| is valid.
     // Calculate inter-arrival time (IAT) in integer "packet times"
-    // (rounding down). This is the value used as index to the histogram
-    // vector |iat_vector_|.
+    // (rounding down). This is the value added to the inter-arrival time
+    // histogram.
     int iat_packets = packet_iat_stopwatch_->ElapsedMs() / packet_len_ms;
 
     if (streaming_mode_) {
@@ -178,9 +171,8 @@
     }
 
     // Saturate IAT at maximum value.
-    const int max_iat = kMaxIat;
-    iat_packets = std::min(iat_packets, max_iat);
-    UpdateHistogram(iat_packets);
+    iat_packets = std::min(iat_packets, iat_histogram_->NumBuckets() - 1);
+    iat_histogram_->Add(iat_packets);
     // Calculate new |target_level_| based on updated statistics.
     target_level_ = CalculateTargetLevel(iat_packets, reordered);
     if (streaming_mode_) {
@@ -229,57 +221,6 @@
   }
 }
 
-// Each element in the vector is first multiplied by the forgetting factor
-// |iat_factor_|. Then the vector element indicated by |iat_packets| is then
-// increased (additive) by 1 - |iat_factor_|. This way, the probability of
-// |iat_packets| is slightly increased, while the sum of the histogram remains
-// constant (=1).
-// Due to inaccuracies in the fixed-point arithmetic, the histogram may no
-// longer sum up to 1 (in Q30) after the update. To correct this, a correction
-// term is added or subtracted from the first element (or elements) of the
-// vector.
-// The forgetting factor |iat_factor_| is also updated. When the DelayManager
-// is reset, the factor is set to 0 to facilitate rapid convergence in the
-// beginning. With each update of the histogram, the factor is increased towards
-// the steady-state value |kIatFactor_|.
-void DelayManager::UpdateHistogram(size_t iat_packets) {
-  assert(iat_packets < iat_vector_.size());
-  int vector_sum = 0;  // Sum up the vector elements as they are processed.
-  // Multiply each element in |iat_vector_| with |iat_factor_|.
-  for (IATVector::iterator it = iat_vector_.begin(); it != iat_vector_.end();
-       ++it) {
-    *it = (static_cast<int64_t>(*it) * iat_factor_) >> 15;
-    vector_sum += *it;
-  }
-
-  // Increase the probability for the currently observed inter-arrival time
-  // by 1 - |iat_factor_|. The factor is in Q15, |iat_vector_| in Q30.
-  // Thus, left-shift 15 steps to obtain result in Q30.
-  iat_vector_[iat_packets] += (32768 - iat_factor_) << 15;
-  vector_sum += (32768 - iat_factor_) << 15;  // Add to vector sum.
-
-  // |iat_vector_| should sum up to 1 (in Q30), but it may not due to
-  // fixed-point rounding errors.
-  vector_sum -= 1 << 30;  // Should be zero. Compensate if not.
-  if (vector_sum != 0) {
-    // Modify a few values early in |iat_vector_|.
-    int flip_sign = vector_sum > 0 ? -1 : 1;
-    IATVector::iterator it = iat_vector_.begin();
-    while (it != iat_vector_.end() && abs(vector_sum) > 0) {
-      // Add/subtract 1/16 of the element, but not more than |vector_sum|.
-      int correction = flip_sign * std::min(abs(vector_sum), (*it) >> 4);
-      *it += correction;
-      vector_sum += correction;
-      ++it;
-    }
-  }
-  assert(vector_sum == 0);  // Verify that the above is correct.
-
-  // Update |iat_factor_| (changes only during the first seconds after a reset).
-  // The factor converges to |kIatFactor_|.
-  iat_factor_ += (kIatFactor_ - iat_factor_ + 3) >> 2;
-}
-
 // Enforces upper and lower limits for |target_level_|. The upper limit is
 // chosen to be minimum of i) 75% of |max_packets_in_buffer_|, to leave some
 // headroom for natural fluctuations around the target, and ii) equivalent of
@@ -317,28 +258,9 @@
   }
 
   // Calculate target buffer level from inter-arrival time histogram.
-  // Find the |iat_index| for which the probability of observing an
-  // inter-arrival time larger than or equal to |iat_index| is less than or
-  // equal to |limit_probability|. The sought probability is estimated using
-  // the histogram as the reverse cumulant PDF, i.e., the sum of elements from
-  // the end up until |iat_index|. Now, since the sum of all elements is 1
-  // (in Q30) by definition, and since the solution is often a low value for
-  // |iat_index|, it is more efficient to start with |sum| = 1 and subtract
-  // elements from the start of the histogram.
-  size_t index = 0;           // Start from the beginning of |iat_vector_|.
-  int sum = 1 << 30;          // Assign to 1 in Q30.
-  sum -= iat_vector_[index];  // Ensure that target level is >= 1.
-
-  do {
-    // Subtract the probabilities one by one until the sum is no longer greater
-    // than limit_probability.
-    ++index;
-    sum -= iat_vector_[index];
-  } while ((sum > limit_probability) && (index < iat_vector_.size() - 1));
-
   // This is the base value for the target buffer level.
-  int target_level = static_cast<int>(index);
-  base_target_level_ = static_cast<int>(index);
+  int target_level = iat_histogram_->Quantile(limit_probability);
+  base_target_level_ = target_level;
 
   // Update detector for delay peaks.
   bool delay_peak_found =
@@ -359,8 +281,9 @@
     RTC_LOG_F(LS_ERROR) << "length_ms = " << length_ms;
     return -1;
   }
-  if (frame_length_change_experiment_ && packet_len_ms_ != length_ms) {
-    iat_vector_ = ScaleHistogram(iat_vector_, packet_len_ms_, length_ms);
+  if (frame_length_change_experiment_ && packet_len_ms_ != length_ms &&
+      packet_len_ms_ > 0) {
+    iat_histogram_->Scale(packet_len_ms_, length_ms);
   }
 
   packet_len_ms_ = length_ms;
@@ -374,8 +297,9 @@
   packet_len_ms_ = 0;  // Packet size unknown.
   streaming_mode_ = false;
   peak_detector_.Reset();
-  ResetHistogram();  // Resets target levels too.
-  iat_factor_ = 0;   // Adapt the histogram faster for the first few packets.
+  iat_histogram_->Reset();
+  base_target_level_ = 4;
+  target_level_ = base_target_level_ << 8;
   packet_iat_stopwatch_ = tick_timer_->GetNewStopwatch();
   max_iat_stopwatch_ = tick_timer_->GetNewStopwatch();
   iat_cumulative_sum_ = 0;
@@ -385,12 +309,14 @@
 
 double DelayManager::EstimatedClockDriftPpm() const {
   double sum = 0.0;
-  // Calculate the expected value based on the probabilities in |iat_vector_|.
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < iat_vector_.size(); ++i) {
-    sum += static_cast<double>(iat_vector_[i]) * i;
+  // Calculate the expected value based on the probabilities in
+  // |iat_histogram_|.
+  auto buckets = iat_histogram_->buckets();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < buckets.size(); ++i) {
+    sum += static_cast<double>(buckets[i]) * i;
   }
-  // The probabilities in |iat_vector_| are in Q30. Divide by 1 << 30 to convert
-  // to Q0; subtract the nominal inter-arrival time (1) to make a zero
+  // The probabilities in |iat_histogram_| are in Q30. Divide by 1 << 30 to
+  // convert to Q0; subtract the nominal inter-arrival time (1) to make a zero
   // clockdrift represent as 0; mulitply by 1000000 to produce parts-per-million
   // (ppm).
   return (sum / (1 << 30) - 1) * 1e6;
@@ -442,60 +368,6 @@
   ++last_seq_no_;
 }
 
-DelayManager::IATVector DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(const IATVector& histogram,
-                                                     int old_packet_length,
-                                                     int new_packet_length) {
-  if (old_packet_length == 0) {
-    // If we don't know the previous frame length, don't make any changes to the
-    // histogram.
-    return histogram;
-  }
-  RTC_DCHECK_GT(new_packet_length, 0);
-  RTC_DCHECK_EQ(old_packet_length % 10, 0);
-  RTC_DCHECK_EQ(new_packet_length % 10, 0);
-  IATVector new_histogram(histogram.size(), 0);
-  int64_t acc = 0;
-  int time_counter = 0;
-  size_t new_histogram_idx = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < histogram.size(); i++) {
-    acc += histogram[i];
-    time_counter += old_packet_length;
-    // The bins should be scaled, to ensure the histogram still sums to one.
-    const int64_t scaled_acc = acc * new_packet_length / time_counter;
-    int64_t actually_used_acc = 0;
-    while (time_counter >= new_packet_length) {
-      const int64_t old_histogram_val = new_histogram[new_histogram_idx];
-      new_histogram[new_histogram_idx] =
-          rtc::saturated_cast<int>(old_histogram_val + scaled_acc);
-      actually_used_acc += new_histogram[new_histogram_idx] - old_histogram_val;
-      new_histogram_idx =
-          std::min(new_histogram_idx + 1, new_histogram.size() - 1);
-      time_counter -= new_packet_length;
-    }
-    // Only subtract the part that was succesfully written to the new histogram.
-    acc -= actually_used_acc;
-  }
-  // If there is anything left in acc (due to rounding errors), add it to the
-  // last bin. If we cannot add everything to the last bin we need to add as
-  // much as possible to the bins after the last bin (this is only possible
-  // when compressing a histogram).
-  while (acc > 0 && new_histogram_idx < new_histogram.size()) {
-    const int64_t old_histogram_val = new_histogram[new_histogram_idx];
-    new_histogram[new_histogram_idx] =
-        rtc::saturated_cast<int>(old_histogram_val + acc);
-    acc -= new_histogram[new_histogram_idx] - old_histogram_val;
-    new_histogram_idx++;
-  }
-  RTC_DCHECK_EQ(histogram.size(), new_histogram.size());
-  if (acc == 0) {
-    // If acc is non-zero, we were not able to add everything to the new
-    // histogram, so this check will not hold.
-    RTC_DCHECK_EQ(accumulate(histogram.begin(), histogram.end(), 0ll),
-                  accumulate(new_histogram.begin(), new_histogram.end(), 0ll));
-  }
-  return new_histogram;
-}
-
 bool DelayManager::IsValidMinimumDelay(int delay_ms) const {
   return 0 <= delay_ms && delay_ms <= MinimumDelayUpperBound();
 }
diff --git a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager.h b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager.h
index 59f9d37..4f2cb85 100644
--- a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager.h
+++ b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "absl/types/optional.h"
+#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.h"
 #include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/tick_timer.h"
 #include "rtc_base/constructor_magic.h"
 
@@ -27,24 +28,26 @@
 
 class DelayManager {
  public:
-  typedef std::vector<int> IATVector;
+  DelayManager(size_t max_packets_in_buffer,
+               int base_minimum_delay_ms,
+               bool enable_rtx_handling,
+               DelayPeakDetector* peak_detector,
+               const TickTimer* tick_timer,
+               std::unique_ptr<Histogram> iat_histogram);
 
   // Create a DelayManager object. Notify the delay manager that the packet
   // buffer can hold no more than |max_packets_in_buffer| packets (i.e., this
   // is the number of packet slots in the buffer) and that the target delay
   // should be greater than or equal to |base_minimum_delay_ms|. Supply a
   // PeakDetector object to the DelayManager.
-  DelayManager(size_t max_packets_in_buffer,
-               int base_minimum_delay_ms,
-               bool enable_rtx_handling,
-               DelayPeakDetector* peak_detector,
-               const TickTimer* tick_timer);
+  static std::unique_ptr<DelayManager> Create(size_t max_packets_in_buffer,
+                                              int base_minimum_delay_ms,
+                                              bool enable_rtx_handling,
+                                              DelayPeakDetector* peak_detector,
+                                              const TickTimer* tick_timer);
 
   virtual ~DelayManager();
 
-  // Read the inter-arrival time histogram. Mainly for testing purposes.
-  virtual const IATVector& iat_vector() const;
-
   // Updates the delay manager with a new incoming packet, with
   // |sequence_number| and |timestamp| from the RTP header. This updates the
   // inter-arrival time histogram and other statistics, as well as the
@@ -102,13 +105,6 @@
   // packet will shift the sequence numbers for the following packets.
   virtual void RegisterEmptyPacket();
 
-  // Apply compression or stretching to the IAT histogram, for a change in frame
-  // size. This returns an updated histogram. This function is public for
-  // testability.
-  static IATVector ScaleHistogram(const IATVector& histogram,
-                                  int old_packet_length,
-                                  int new_packet_length);
-
   // Accessors and mutators.
   // Assuming |delay| is in valid range.
   virtual bool SetMinimumDelay(int delay_ms);
@@ -138,10 +134,6 @@
   // Provides 75% of currently possible maximum buffer size in milliseconds.
   int MaxBufferTimeQ75() const;
 
-  // Sets |iat_vector_| to the default start distribution and sets the
-  // |base_target_level_| and |target_level_| to the corresponding values.
-  void ResetHistogram();
-
   // Updates |iat_cumulative_sum_| and |max_iat_cumulative_sum_|. (These are
   // used by the streaming mode.) This method is called by Update().
   void UpdateCumulativeSums(int packet_len_ms, uint16_t sequence_number);
@@ -151,11 +143,6 @@
   // and buffer size.
   void UpdateEffectiveMinimumDelay();
 
-  // Updates the histogram |iat_vector_|. The probability for inter-arrival time
-  // equal to |iat_packets| (in integer packets) is increased slightly, while
-  // all other entries are decreased. This method is called by Update().
-  void UpdateHistogram(size_t iat_packets);
-
   // Makes sure that |target_level_| is not too large, taking
   // |max_packets_in_buffer_| and |extra_delay_ms_| into account. This method is
   // called by Update().
@@ -170,8 +157,7 @@
 
   bool first_packet_received_;
   const size_t max_packets_in_buffer_;  // Capacity of the packet buffer.
-  IATVector iat_vector_;                // Histogram of inter-arrival times.
-  int iat_factor_;  // Forgetting factor for updating the IAT histogram (Q15).
+  std::unique_ptr<Histogram> iat_histogram_;
   const TickTimer* tick_timer_;
   int base_minimum_delay_ms_;
   // Provides delay which is used by LimitTargetLevel as lower bound on target
diff --git a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager_unittest.cc b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager_unittest.cc
index 19b99af..b3797e2 100644
--- a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager_unittest.cc
+++ b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager_unittest.cc
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@
 
 #include <math.h>
 
+#include "absl/memory/memory.h"
+#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.h"
 #include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/mock/mock_delay_peak_detector.h"
+#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/mock/mock_histogram.h"
 #include "rtc_base/checks.h"
 #include "test/field_trial.h"
 #include "test/gmock.h"
@@ -46,6 +49,8 @@
   std::unique_ptr<DelayManager> dm_;
   TickTimer tick_timer_;
   MockDelayPeakDetector detector_;
+  bool use_mock_histogram_ = false;
+  MockHistogram* mock_histogram_;
   uint16_t seq_no_;
   uint32_t ts_;
   bool enable_rtx_handling_ = false;
@@ -63,8 +68,18 @@
 
 void DelayManagerTest::RecreateDelayManager() {
   EXPECT_CALL(detector_, Reset()).Times(1);
+  std::unique_ptr<Histogram> histogram;
+  static const int kMaxIat = 64;
+  static const int kForgetFactor = 32745;
+  if (use_mock_histogram_) {
+    mock_histogram_ = new MockHistogram(kMaxIat, kForgetFactor);
+    histogram.reset(mock_histogram_);
+  } else {
+    histogram = absl::make_unique<Histogram>(kMaxIat, kForgetFactor);
+  }
   dm_.reset(new DelayManager(kMaxNumberOfPackets, kMinDelayMs,
-                             enable_rtx_handling_, &detector_, &tick_timer_));
+                             enable_rtx_handling_, &detector_, &tick_timer_,
+                             std::move(histogram)));
 }
 
 void DelayManagerTest::SetPacketAudioLength(int lengt_ms) {
@@ -92,17 +107,6 @@
   // object.
 }
 
-TEST_F(DelayManagerTest, VectorInitialization) {
-  const DelayManager::IATVector& vec = dm_->iat_vector();
-  double sum = 0.0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) {
-    EXPECT_NEAR(ldexp(pow(0.5, static_cast<int>(i + 1)), 30), vec[i], 65537);
-    // Tolerance 65537 in Q30 corresponds to a delta of approximately 0.00006.
-    sum += vec[i];
-  }
-  EXPECT_EQ(1 << 30, static_cast<int>(sum));  // Should be 1 in Q30.
-}
-
 TEST_F(DelayManagerTest, SetPacketAudioLength) {
   const int kLengthMs = 30;
   // Expect DelayManager to pass on the new length to the detector object.
@@ -477,26 +481,26 @@
 
 TEST_F(DelayManagerTest, EnableRtxHandling) {
   enable_rtx_handling_ = true;
+  use_mock_histogram_ = true;
   RecreateDelayManager();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(mock_histogram_);
 
   // Insert first packet.
   SetPacketAudioLength(kFrameSizeMs);
   InsertNextPacket();
 
   // Insert reordered packet.
-  // TODO(jakobi): Test estimated inter-arrival time by mocking the histogram
-  // instead of checking the call to the peak detector.
-  EXPECT_CALL(detector_, Update(3, true, _));
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mock_histogram_, Add(3));
   EXPECT_EQ(0, dm_->Update(seq_no_ - 3, ts_ - 3 * kFrameSizeMs, kFs));
 
   // Insert another reordered packet.
-  EXPECT_CALL(detector_, Update(2, true, _));
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mock_histogram_, Add(2));
   EXPECT_EQ(0, dm_->Update(seq_no_ - 2, ts_ - 2 * kFrameSizeMs, kFs));
 
   // Insert the next packet in order and verify that the inter-arrival time is
   // estimated correctly.
   IncreaseTime(kFrameSizeMs);
-  EXPECT_CALL(detector_, Update(1, false, _));
+  EXPECT_CALL(*mock_histogram_, Add(1));
   InsertNextPacket();
 }
 
@@ -573,7 +577,7 @@
   test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trial(
       "WebRTC-Audio-NetEqForceTargetDelayPercentile/Enabled-0/");
   RecreateDelayManager();
-  EXPECT_EQ(absl::make_optional<int>(1 << 30),
+  EXPECT_EQ(absl::make_optional<int>(0),
             dm_->forced_limit_probability_for_test());
 
   SetPacketAudioLength(kFrameSizeMs);
@@ -595,14 +599,14 @@
     test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trial(
         "WebRTC-Audio-NetEqForceTargetDelayPercentile/Enabled-95/");
     RecreateDelayManager();
-    EXPECT_EQ(absl::make_optional<int>(53687091),
+    EXPECT_EQ(absl::make_optional<int>(1020054733),
               dm_->forced_limit_probability_for_test());  // 1/20 in Q30
   }
   {
     test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trial(
         "WebRTC-Audio-NetEqForceTargetDelayPercentile/Enabled-99.95/");
     RecreateDelayManager();
-    EXPECT_EQ(absl::make_optional<int>(536871),
+    EXPECT_EQ(absl::make_optional<int>(1073204953),
               dm_->forced_limit_probability_for_test());  // 1/2000 in Q30
   }
   {
@@ -624,116 +628,4 @@
   }
 }
 
-// Test if the histogram is stretched correctly if the packet size is decreased.
-TEST(DelayManagerIATScalingTest, StretchTest) {
-  using IATVector = DelayManager::IATVector;
-  // Test a straightforward 60ms to 20ms change.
-  IATVector iat = {12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  IATVector expected_result = {4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0};
-  IATVector stretched_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 60, 20);
-  EXPECT_EQ(stretched_iat, expected_result);
-
-  // Test an example where the last bin in the stretched histogram should
-  // contain the sum of the elements that don't fit into the new histogram.
-  iat = {18, 15, 12, 9, 6, 3, 0};
-  expected_result = {6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 30};
-  stretched_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 60, 20);
-  EXPECT_EQ(stretched_iat, expected_result);
-
-  // Test a 120ms to 60ms change.
-  iat = {18, 16, 14, 4, 0};
-  expected_result = {9, 9, 8, 8, 18};
-  stretched_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 120, 60);
-  EXPECT_EQ(stretched_iat, expected_result);
-
-  // Test a 120ms to 20ms change.
-  iat = {19, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  expected_result = {3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 11};
-  stretched_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 120, 20);
-  EXPECT_EQ(stretched_iat, expected_result);
-
-  // Test a 70ms to 40ms change.
-  iat = {13, 7, 5, 3, 1, 5, 12, 11, 3, 0, 0, 0};
-  expected_result = {7, 5, 5, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 6, 22};
-  stretched_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 70, 40);
-  EXPECT_EQ(stretched_iat, expected_result);
-
-  // Test a 30ms to 20ms change.
-  iat = {13, 7, 5, 3, 1, 5, 12, 11, 3, 0, 0, 0};
-  expected_result = {8, 6, 6, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 3, 8, 7, 11};
-  stretched_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 30, 20);
-  EXPECT_EQ(stretched_iat, expected_result);
-}
-
-// Test if the histogram is compressed correctly if the packet size is
-// increased.
-TEST(DelayManagerIATScalingTest, CompressionTest) {
-  using IATVector = DelayManager::IATVector;
-  // Test a 20 to 60 ms change.
-  IATVector iat = {12, 11, 10, 3, 2, 1};
-  IATVector expected_result = {33, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  IATVector compressed_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 20, 60);
-  EXPECT_EQ(compressed_iat, expected_result);
-
-  // Test a 60ms to 120ms change.
-  iat = {18, 16, 14, 4, 1};
-  expected_result = {34, 18, 1, 0, 0};
-  compressed_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 60, 120);
-  EXPECT_EQ(compressed_iat, expected_result);
-
-  // Test a 20ms to 120ms change.
-  iat = {18, 12, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 1};
-  expected_result = {46, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  compressed_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 20, 120);
-  EXPECT_EQ(compressed_iat, expected_result);
-
-  // Test a 70ms to 80ms change.
-  iat = {13, 7, 5, 3, 1, 5, 12, 11, 3};
-  expected_result = {11, 8, 6, 2, 5, 12, 13, 3, 0};
-  compressed_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 70, 80);
-  EXPECT_EQ(compressed_iat, expected_result);
-
-  // Test a 50ms to 110ms change.
-  iat = {13, 7, 5, 3, 1, 5, 12, 11, 3};
-  expected_result = {18, 8, 16, 16, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  compressed_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 50, 110);
-  EXPECT_EQ(compressed_iat, expected_result);
-}
-
-// Test if the histogram scaling function handles overflows correctly.
-TEST(DelayManagerIATScalingTest, OverflowTest) {
-  using IATVector = DelayManager::IATVector;
-  // Test a compression operation that can cause overflow.
-  IATVector iat = {733544448, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 340197376, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  IATVector expected_result = {733544448, 340197376, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-                               0,         0,         0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  IATVector scaled_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 10, 60);
-  EXPECT_EQ(scaled_iat, expected_result);
-
-  iat = {655591163, 39962288, 360736736, 1930514, 4003853, 1782764,
-         114119,    2072996,  0,         2149354, 0};
-  expected_result = {1056290187, 7717131, 2187115, 2149354, 0, 0,
-                     0,          0,       0,       0,       0};
-  scaled_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 20, 60);
-  EXPECT_EQ(scaled_iat, expected_result);
-
-  // In this test case we will not be able to add everything to the final bin in
-  // the scaled histogram. Check that the last bin doesn't overflow.
-  iat = {2000000000, 2000000000, 2000000000,
-         2000000000, 2000000000, 2000000000};
-  expected_result = {666666666, 666666666, 666666666,
-                     666666667, 666666667, 2147483647};
-  scaled_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 60, 20);
-  EXPECT_EQ(scaled_iat, expected_result);
-
-  // In this test case we will not be able to add enough to each of the bins,
-  // so the values should be smeared out past the end of the normal range.
-  iat = {2000000000, 2000000000, 2000000000,
-         2000000000, 2000000000, 2000000000};
-  expected_result = {2147483647, 2147483647, 2147483647,
-                     2147483647, 2147483647, 1262581765};
-  scaled_iat = DelayManager::ScaleHistogram(iat, 20, 60);
-  EXPECT_EQ(scaled_iat, expected_result);
-}
-
 }  // namespace webrtc
diff --git a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.cc b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8e4e52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <numeric>
+
+#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.h"
+#include "rtc_base/checks.h"
+#include "rtc_base/numerics/safe_conversions.h"
+
+namespace webrtc {
+
+Histogram::Histogram(size_t num_buckets, int forget_factor)
+    : buckets_(num_buckets, 0),
+      forget_factor_(0),
+      base_forget_factor_(forget_factor) {}
+
+Histogram::~Histogram() {}
+
+// Each element in the vector is first multiplied by the forgetting factor
+// |forget_factor_|. Then the vector element indicated by |iat_packets| is then
+// increased (additive) by 1 - |forget_factor_|. This way, the probability of
+// |iat_packets| is slightly increased, while the sum of the histogram remains
+// constant (=1).
+// Due to inaccuracies in the fixed-point arithmetic, the histogram may no
+// longer sum up to 1 (in Q30) after the update. To correct this, a correction
+// term is added or subtracted from the first element (or elements) of the
+// vector.
+// The forgetting factor |forget_factor_| is also updated. When the DelayManager
+// is reset, the factor is set to 0 to facilitate rapid convergence in the
+// beginning. With each update of the histogram, the factor is increased towards
+// the steady-state value |kIatFactor_|.
+void Histogram::Add(int value) {
+  RTC_DCHECK(value >= 0);
+  RTC_DCHECK(value < static_cast<int>(buckets_.size()));
+  int vector_sum = 0;  // Sum up the vector elements as they are processed.
+  // Multiply each element in |buckets_| with |forget_factor_|.
+  for (int& bucket : buckets_) {
+    bucket = (static_cast<int64_t>(bucket) * forget_factor_) >> 15;
+    vector_sum += bucket;
+  }
+
+  // Increase the probability for the currently observed inter-arrival time
+  // by 1 - |forget_factor_|. The factor is in Q15, |buckets_| in Q30.
+  // Thus, left-shift 15 steps to obtain result in Q30.
+  buckets_[value] += (32768 - forget_factor_) << 15;
+  vector_sum += (32768 - forget_factor_) << 15;  // Add to vector sum.
+
+  // |buckets_| should sum up to 1 (in Q30), but it may not due to
+  // fixed-point rounding errors.
+  vector_sum -= 1 << 30;  // Should be zero. Compensate if not.
+  if (vector_sum != 0) {
+    // Modify a few values early in |buckets_|.
+    int flip_sign = vector_sum > 0 ? -1 : 1;
+    for (int& bucket : buckets_) {
+      // Add/subtract 1/16 of the element, but not more than |vector_sum|.
+      int correction = flip_sign * std::min(abs(vector_sum), bucket >> 4);
+      bucket += correction;
+      vector_sum += correction;
+      if (abs(vector_sum) == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  RTC_DCHECK(vector_sum == 0);  // Verify that the above is correct.
+
+  // Update |forget_factor_| (changes only during the first seconds after a
+  // reset). The factor converges to |base_forget_factor_|.
+  forget_factor_ += (base_forget_factor_ - forget_factor_ + 3) >> 2;
+}
+
+int Histogram::Quantile(int probability) {
+  // Find the bucket for which the probability of observing an
+  // inter-arrival time larger than or equal to |index| is larger than or
+  // equal to |probability|. The sought probability is estimated using
+  // the histogram as the reverse cumulant PDF, i.e., the sum of elements from
+  // the end up until |index|. Now, since the sum of all elements is 1
+  // (in Q30) by definition, and since the solution is often a low value for
+  // |iat_index|, it is more efficient to start with |sum| = 1 and subtract
+  // elements from the start of the histogram.
+  int inverse_probability = (1 << 30) - probability;
+  size_t index = 0;        // Start from the beginning of |buckets_|.
+  int sum = 1 << 30;       // Assign to 1 in Q30.
+  sum -= buckets_[index];  // Ensure that target level is >= 1.
+
+  do {
+    // Subtract the probabilities one by one until the sum is no longer greater
+    // than |inverse_probability|.
+    ++index;
+    sum -= buckets_[index];
+  } while ((sum > inverse_probability) && (index < buckets_.size() - 1));
+  return static_cast<int>(index);
+}
+
+// Set the histogram vector to an exponentially decaying distribution
+// buckets_[i] = 0.5^(i+1), i = 0, 1, 2, ...
+// buckets_ is in Q30.
+void Histogram::Reset() {
+  // Set temp_prob to (slightly more than) 1 in Q14. This ensures that the sum
+  // of buckets_ is 1.
+  uint16_t temp_prob = 0x4002;  // 16384 + 2 = 100000000000010 binary.
+  for (int& bucket : buckets_) {
+    temp_prob >>= 1;
+    bucket = temp_prob << 16;
+  }
+  forget_factor_ = 0;  // Adapt the histogram faster for the first few packets.
+}
+
+int Histogram::NumBuckets() const {
+  return buckets_.size();
+}
+
+void Histogram::Scale(int old_bucket_width, int new_bucket_width) {
+  buckets_ = ScaleBuckets(buckets_, old_bucket_width, new_bucket_width);
+}
+
+std::vector<int> Histogram::ScaleBuckets(const std::vector<int>& buckets,
+                                         int old_bucket_width,
+                                         int new_bucket_width) {
+  RTC_DCHECK_GT(old_bucket_width, 0);
+  RTC_DCHECK_GT(new_bucket_width, 0);
+  RTC_DCHECK_EQ(old_bucket_width % 10, 0);
+  RTC_DCHECK_EQ(new_bucket_width % 10, 0);
+  std::vector<int> new_histogram(buckets.size(), 0);
+  int64_t acc = 0;
+  int time_counter = 0;
+  size_t new_histogram_idx = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < buckets.size(); i++) {
+    acc += buckets[i];
+    time_counter += old_bucket_width;
+    // The bins should be scaled, to ensure the histogram still sums to one.
+    const int64_t scaled_acc = acc * new_bucket_width / time_counter;
+    int64_t actually_used_acc = 0;
+    while (time_counter >= new_bucket_width) {
+      const int64_t old_histogram_val = new_histogram[new_histogram_idx];
+      new_histogram[new_histogram_idx] =
+          rtc::saturated_cast<int>(old_histogram_val + scaled_acc);
+      actually_used_acc += new_histogram[new_histogram_idx] - old_histogram_val;
+      new_histogram_idx =
+          std::min(new_histogram_idx + 1, new_histogram.size() - 1);
+      time_counter -= new_bucket_width;
+    }
+    // Only subtract the part that was succesfully written to the new histogram.
+    acc -= actually_used_acc;
+  }
+  // If there is anything left in acc (due to rounding errors), add it to the
+  // last bin. If we cannot add everything to the last bin we need to add as
+  // much as possible to the bins after the last bin (this is only possible
+  // when compressing a histogram).
+  while (acc > 0 && new_histogram_idx < new_histogram.size()) {
+    const int64_t old_histogram_val = new_histogram[new_histogram_idx];
+    new_histogram[new_histogram_idx] =
+        rtc::saturated_cast<int>(old_histogram_val + acc);
+    acc -= new_histogram[new_histogram_idx] - old_histogram_val;
+    new_histogram_idx++;
+  }
+  RTC_DCHECK_EQ(buckets.size(), new_histogram.size());
+  if (acc == 0) {
+    // If acc is non-zero, we were not able to add everything to the new
+    // histogram, so this check will not hold.
+    RTC_DCHECK_EQ(accumulate(buckets.begin(), buckets.end(), 0ll),
+                  accumulate(new_histogram.begin(), new_histogram.end(), 0ll));
+  }
+  return new_histogram;
+}
+
+}  // namespace webrtc
diff --git a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.h b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66b4fe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MODULES_AUDIO_CODING_NETEQ_HISTOGRAM_H_
+#define MODULES_AUDIO_CODING_NETEQ_HISTOGRAM_H_
+
+#include <string.h>  // Provide access to size_t.
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace webrtc {
+
+class Histogram {
+ public:
+  // Creates histogram with capacity |num_buckets| and |forget_factor| in Q15.
+  Histogram(size_t num_buckets, int forget_factor);
+
+  virtual ~Histogram();
+
+  // Resets the histogram to the default start distribution.
+  virtual void Reset();
+
+  // Add entry in bucket |index|.
+  virtual void Add(int index);
+
+  // Calculates the quantile at |probability| (in Q30) of the histogram
+  // distribution.
+  virtual int Quantile(int probability);
+
+  // Apply compression or stretching to the histogram.
+  virtual void Scale(int old_bucket_width, int new_bucket_width);
+
+  // Returns the number of buckets in the histogram.
+  virtual int NumBuckets() const;
+
+  // Returns the probability for each bucket in Q30.
+  std::vector<int> buckets() const { return buckets_; }
+
+  // Made public for testing.
+  static std::vector<int> ScaleBuckets(const std::vector<int>& buckets,
+                                       int old_bucket_width,
+                                       int new_bucket_width);
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<int> buckets_;
+  int forget_factor_;  // Q15
+  const int base_forget_factor_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace webrtc
+
+#endif  // MODULES_AUDIO_CODING_NETEQ_HISTOGRAM_H_
diff --git a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram_unittest.cc b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a887c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#include <cmath>
+
+#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.h"
+#include "test/gtest.h"
+
+namespace webrtc {
+
+TEST(HistogramTest, Initialization) {
+  Histogram histogram(65, 32440);
+  histogram.Reset();
+  const auto& buckets = histogram.buckets();
+  double sum = 0.0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < buckets.size(); i++) {
+    EXPECT_NEAR(ldexp(std::pow(0.5, static_cast<int>(i + 1)), 30), buckets[i],
+                65537);
+    // Tolerance 65537 in Q30 corresponds to a delta of approximately 0.00006.
+    sum += buckets[i];
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(1 << 30, static_cast<int>(sum));  // Should be 1 in Q30.
+}
+
+TEST(HistogramTest, Add) {
+  Histogram histogram(10, 32440);
+  histogram.Reset();
+  const std::vector<int> before = histogram.buckets();
+  const int index = 5;
+  histogram.Add(index);
+  const std::vector<int> after = histogram.buckets();
+  EXPECT_GT(after[index], before[index]);
+  int sum = 0;
+  for (int bucket : after) {
+    sum += bucket;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(1 << 30, sum);
+}
+
+TEST(HistogramTest, ForgetFactor) {
+  Histogram histogram(10, 32440);
+  histogram.Reset();
+  const std::vector<int> before = histogram.buckets();
+  const int index = 4;
+  histogram.Add(index);
+  const std::vector<int> after = histogram.buckets();
+  for (int i = 0; i < histogram.NumBuckets(); ++i) {
+    if (i != index) {
+      EXPECT_LT(after[i], before[i]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Test if the histogram is scaled correctly if the bucket width is decreased.
+TEST(HistogramTest, DownScale) {
+  // Test a straightforward 60 to 20 change.
+  std::vector<int> buckets = {12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  std::vector<int> expected_result = {4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0};
+  std::vector<int> stretched_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 60, 20);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stretched_buckets, expected_result);
+
+  // Test an example where the last bin in the stretched histogram should
+  // contain the sum of the elements that don't fit into the new histogram.
+  buckets = {18, 15, 12, 9, 6, 3, 0};
+  expected_result = {6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 30};
+  stretched_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 60, 20);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stretched_buckets, expected_result);
+
+  // Test a 120 to 60 change.
+  buckets = {18, 16, 14, 4, 0};
+  expected_result = {9, 9, 8, 8, 18};
+  stretched_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 120, 60);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stretched_buckets, expected_result);
+
+  // Test a 120 to 20 change.
+  buckets = {19, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  expected_result = {3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 11};
+  stretched_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 120, 20);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stretched_buckets, expected_result);
+
+  // Test a 70 to 40 change.
+  buckets = {13, 7, 5, 3, 1, 5, 12, 11, 3, 0, 0, 0};
+  expected_result = {7, 5, 5, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 6, 22};
+  stretched_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 70, 40);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stretched_buckets, expected_result);
+
+  // Test a 30 to 20 change.
+  buckets = {13, 7, 5, 3, 1, 5, 12, 11, 3, 0, 0, 0};
+  expected_result = {8, 6, 6, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 3, 8, 7, 11};
+  stretched_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 30, 20);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stretched_buckets, expected_result);
+}
+
+// Test if the histogram is scaled correctly if the bucket width is increased.
+TEST(HistogramTest, UpScale) {
+  // Test a 20 to 60 change.
+  std::vector<int> buckets = {12, 11, 10, 3, 2, 1};
+  std::vector<int> expected_result = {33, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  std::vector<int> compressed_buckets =
+      Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 20, 60);
+  EXPECT_EQ(compressed_buckets, expected_result);
+
+  // Test a 60 to 120 change.
+  buckets = {18, 16, 14, 4, 1};
+  expected_result = {34, 18, 1, 0, 0};
+  compressed_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 60, 120);
+  EXPECT_EQ(compressed_buckets, expected_result);
+
+  // Test a 20 to 120 change.
+  buckets = {18, 12, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 1};
+  expected_result = {46, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  compressed_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 20, 120);
+  EXPECT_EQ(compressed_buckets, expected_result);
+
+  // Test a 70 to 80 change.
+  buckets = {13, 7, 5, 3, 1, 5, 12, 11, 3};
+  expected_result = {11, 8, 6, 2, 5, 12, 13, 3, 0};
+  compressed_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 70, 80);
+  EXPECT_EQ(compressed_buckets, expected_result);
+
+  // Test a 50 to 110 change.
+  buckets = {13, 7, 5, 3, 1, 5, 12, 11, 3};
+  expected_result = {18, 8, 16, 16, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  compressed_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 50, 110);
+  EXPECT_EQ(compressed_buckets, expected_result);
+}
+
+// Test if the histogram scaling function handles overflows correctly.
+TEST(HistogramTest, OverflowTest) {
+  // Test a upscale operation that can cause overflow.
+  std::vector<int> buckets = {733544448, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                              340197376, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  std::vector<int> expected_result = {733544448, 340197376, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                                      0,         0,         0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  std::vector<int> scaled_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 10, 60);
+  EXPECT_EQ(scaled_buckets, expected_result);
+
+  buckets = {655591163, 39962288, 360736736, 1930514, 4003853, 1782764,
+             114119,    2072996,  0,         2149354, 0};
+  expected_result = {1056290187, 7717131, 2187115, 2149354, 0, 0,
+                     0,          0,       0,       0,       0};
+  scaled_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 20, 60);
+  EXPECT_EQ(scaled_buckets, expected_result);
+
+  // In this test case we will not be able to add everything to the final bin in
+  // the scaled histogram. Check that the last bin doesn't overflow.
+  buckets = {2000000000, 2000000000, 2000000000,
+             2000000000, 2000000000, 2000000000};
+  expected_result = {666666666, 666666666, 666666666,
+                     666666667, 666666667, 2147483647};
+  scaled_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 60, 20);
+  EXPECT_EQ(scaled_buckets, expected_result);
+
+  // In this test case we will not be able to add enough to each of the bins,
+  // so the values should be smeared out past the end of the normal range.
+  buckets = {2000000000, 2000000000, 2000000000,
+             2000000000, 2000000000, 2000000000};
+  expected_result = {2147483647, 2147483647, 2147483647,
+                     2147483647, 2147483647, 1262581765};
+  scaled_buckets = Histogram::ScaleBuckets(buckets, 20, 60);
+  EXPECT_EQ(scaled_buckets, expected_result);
+}
+
+}  // namespace webrtc
diff --git a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/mock/mock_delay_manager.h b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/mock/mock_delay_manager.h
index 67c7a8a..fa07e20 100644
--- a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/mock/mock_delay_manager.h
+++ b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/mock/mock_delay_manager.h
@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@
 #ifndef MODULES_AUDIO_CODING_NETEQ_MOCK_MOCK_DELAY_MANAGER_H_
 #define MODULES_AUDIO_CODING_NETEQ_MOCK_MOCK_DELAY_MANAGER_H_
 
-#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 
+#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/delay_manager.h"
+#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.h"
 #include "test/gmock.h"
 
 namespace webrtc {
@@ -23,15 +25,16 @@
                    int base_min_target_delay_ms,
                    bool enable_rtx_handling,
                    DelayPeakDetector* peak_detector,
-                   const TickTimer* tick_timer)
+                   const TickTimer* tick_timer,
+                   std::unique_ptr<Histogram> histogram)
       : DelayManager(max_packets_in_buffer,
                      base_min_target_delay_ms,
                      enable_rtx_handling,
                      peak_detector,
-                     tick_timer) {}
+                     tick_timer,
+                     std::move(histogram)) {}
   virtual ~MockDelayManager() { Die(); }
   MOCK_METHOD0(Die, void());
-  MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(iat_vector, const IATVector&());
   MOCK_METHOD3(Update,
                int(uint16_t sequence_number,
                    uint32_t timestamp,
diff --git a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/mock/mock_histogram.h b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/mock/mock_histogram.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09b1b89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/mock/mock_histogram.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2019 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MODULES_AUDIO_CODING_NETEQ_MOCK_MOCK_HISTOGRAM_H_
+#define MODULES_AUDIO_CODING_NETEQ_MOCK_MOCK_HISTOGRAM_H_
+
+#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.h"
+
+#include "test/gmock.h"
+
+namespace webrtc {
+
+class MockHistogram : public Histogram {
+ public:
+  MockHistogram(size_t num_buckets, int forget_factor)
+      : Histogram(num_buckets, forget_factor) {}
+  virtual ~MockHistogram() {}
+
+  MOCK_METHOD1(Add, void(int));
+  MOCK_METHOD1(Quantile, int(int));
+};
+
+}  // namespace webrtc
+#endif  // MODULES_AUDIO_CODING_NETEQ_MOCK_MOCK_HISTOGRAM_H_
diff --git a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/neteq_impl.cc b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/neteq_impl.cc
index 8115135..9daf296 100644
--- a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/neteq_impl.cc
+++ b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/neteq_impl.cc
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@
           new DecoderDatabase(decoder_factory, config.codec_pair_id)),
       delay_peak_detector(
           new DelayPeakDetector(tick_timer.get(), config.enable_rtx_handling)),
-      delay_manager(new DelayManager(config.max_packets_in_buffer,
-                                     config.min_delay_ms,
-                                     config.enable_rtx_handling,
-                                     delay_peak_detector.get(),
-                                     tick_timer.get())),
+      delay_manager(DelayManager::Create(config.max_packets_in_buffer,
+                                         config.min_delay_ms,
+                                         config.enable_rtx_handling,
+                                         delay_peak_detector.get(),
+                                         tick_timer.get())),
       dtmf_buffer(new DtmfBuffer(config.sample_rate_hz)),
       dtmf_tone_generator(new DtmfToneGenerator),
       packet_buffer(
diff --git a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/neteq_impl_unittest.cc b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/neteq_impl_unittest.cc
index cf627d9..e7552c1 100644
--- a/modules/audio_coding/neteq/neteq_impl_unittest.cc
+++ b/modules/audio_coding/neteq/neteq_impl_unittest.cc
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "api/audio_codecs/builtin_audio_decoder_factory.h"
 #include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/accelerate.h"
 #include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/expand.h"
+#include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/histogram.h"
 #include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/include/neteq.h"
 #include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/mock/mock_buffer_level_filter.h"
 #include "modules/audio_coding/neteq/mock/mock_decoder_database.h"
@@ -97,7 +98,8 @@
     if (use_mock_delay_manager_) {
       std::unique_ptr<MockDelayManager> mock(new MockDelayManager(
           config_.max_packets_in_buffer, config_.min_delay_ms,
-          config_.enable_rtx_handling, delay_peak_detector_, tick_timer_));
+          config_.enable_rtx_handling, delay_peak_detector_, tick_timer_,
+          absl::make_unique<Histogram>(50, 32745)));
       mock_delay_manager_ = mock.get();
       EXPECT_CALL(*mock_delay_manager_, set_streaming_mode(false)).Times(1);
       deps.delay_manager = std::move(mock);