include/locale

// -*- C++ -*-
//===-------------------------- locale ------------------------------------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#ifndef _LIBCPP_LOCALE
#define _LIBCPP_LOCALE

/*
    locale synopsis

namespace std
{

class locale
{
public:
    // types:
    class facet;
    class id;

    typedef int category;
    static const category // values assigned here are for exposition only
        none     = 0x000,
        collate  = 0x010,
        ctype    = 0x020,
        monetary = 0x040,
        numeric  = 0x080,
        time     = 0x100,
        messages = 0x200,
        all = collate | ctype | monetary | numeric | time | messages;

    // construct/copy/destroy:
    locale() noexcept;
    locale(const locale& other) noexcept;
    explicit locale(const char* std_name);
    explicit locale(const string& std_name);
    locale(const locale& other, const char* std_name, category);
    locale(const locale& other, const string& std_name, category);
    template <class Facet> locale(const locale& other, Facet* f);
    locale(const locale& other, const locale& one, category);

    ~locale(); // not virtual

    const locale& operator=(const locale& other) noexcept;

    template <class Facet> locale combine(const locale& other) const;

    // locale operations:
    basic_string<char> name() const;
    bool operator==(const locale& other) const;
    bool operator!=(const locale& other) const;
    template <class charT, class Traits, class Allocator>
      bool operator()(const basic_string<charT,Traits,Allocator>& s1,
                      const basic_string<charT,Traits,Allocator>& s2) const;

    // global locale objects:
    static locale global(const locale&);
    static const locale& classic();
};

template <class Facet> const Facet& use_facet(const locale&);
template <class Facet> bool has_facet(const locale&) noexcept;

// 22.3.3, convenience interfaces:
template <class charT> bool isspace (charT c, const locale& loc);
template <class charT> bool isprint (charT c, const locale& loc);
template <class charT> bool iscntrl (charT c, const locale& loc);
template <class charT> bool isupper (charT c, const locale& loc);
template <class charT> bool islower (charT c, const locale& loc);
template <class charT> bool isalpha (charT c, const locale& loc);
template <class charT> bool isdigit (charT c, const locale& loc);
template <class charT> bool ispunct (charT c, const locale& loc);
template <class charT> bool isxdigit(charT c, const locale& loc);
template <class charT> bool isalnum (charT c, const locale& loc);
template <class charT> bool isgraph (charT c, const locale& loc);
template <class charT> charT toupper(charT c, const locale& loc);
template <class charT> charT tolower(charT c, const locale& loc);

template<class Codecvt, class Elem = wchar_t,
         class Wide_alloc = allocator<Elem>,
         class Byte_alloc = allocator<char>>
class wstring_convert
{
public:
    typedef basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, Byte_alloc> byte_string;
    typedef basic_string<Elem, char_traits<Elem>, Wide_alloc> wide_string;
    typedef typename Codecvt::state_type                      state_type;
    typedef typename wide_string::traits_type::int_type       int_type;

    explicit wstring_convert(Codecvt* pcvt = new Codecvt);          // explicit in C++14
    wstring_convert(Codecvt* pcvt, state_type state);
    explicit wstring_convert(const byte_string& byte_err,           // explicit in C++14
                    const wide_string& wide_err = wide_string());
    wstring_convert(const wstring_convert&) = delete;               // C++14
    wstring_convert & operator=(const wstring_convert &) = delete;  // C++14
    ~wstring_convert();

    wide_string from_bytes(char byte);
    wide_string from_bytes(const char* ptr);
    wide_string from_bytes(const byte_string& str);
    wide_string from_bytes(const char* first, const char* last);

    byte_string to_bytes(Elem wchar);
    byte_string to_bytes(const Elem* wptr);
    byte_string to_bytes(const wide_string& wstr);
    byte_string to_bytes(const Elem* first, const Elem* last);

    size_t converted() const; // noexcept in C++14
    state_type state() const;
};

template <class Codecvt, class Elem = wchar_t, class Tr = char_traits<Elem>>
class wbuffer_convert
    : public basic_streambuf<Elem, Tr>
{
public:
    typedef typename Tr::state_type state_type;

    explicit wbuffer_convert(streambuf* bytebuf = 0, Codecvt* pcvt = new Codecvt,
                    state_type state = state_type());       // explicit in C++14
    wbuffer_convert(const wbuffer_convert&) = delete;               // C++14
    wbuffer_convert & operator=(const wbuffer_convert &) = delete;  // C++14
    ~wbuffer_convert();                                             // C++14
    
    streambuf* rdbuf() const;
    streambuf* rdbuf(streambuf* bytebuf);

    state_type state() const;
};

// 22.4.1 and 22.4.1.3, ctype:
class ctype_base;
template <class charT> class ctype;
template <> class ctype<char>; // specialization
template <class charT> class ctype_byname;
template <> class ctype_byname<char>; // specialization

class codecvt_base;
template <class internT, class externT, class stateT> class codecvt;
template <class internT, class externT, class stateT> class codecvt_byname;

// 22.4.2 and 22.4.3, numeric:
template <class charT, class InputIterator> class num_get;
template <class charT, class OutputIterator> class num_put;
template <class charT> class numpunct;
template <class charT> class numpunct_byname;

// 22.4.4, col lation:
template <class charT> class collate;
template <class charT> class collate_byname;

// 22.4.5, date and time:
class time_base;
template <class charT, class InputIterator> class time_get;
template <class charT, class InputIterator> class time_get_byname;
template <class charT, class OutputIterator> class time_put;
template <class charT, class OutputIterator> class time_put_byname;

// 22.4.6, money:
class money_base;
template <class charT, class InputIterator> class money_get;
template <class charT, class OutputIterator> class money_put;
template <class charT, bool Intl> class moneypunct;
template <class charT, bool Intl> class moneypunct_byname;

// 22.4.7, message retrieval:
class messages_base;
template <class charT> class messages;
template <class charT> class messages_byname;

}  // std

*/

#include <__config>
#include <__locale>
#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
#include <ios>
#include <streambuf>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#ifndef __APPLE__
#include <cstdarg>
#endif
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__)
#include <support/win32/locale_win32.h>
#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT
#include <nl_types.h>
#endif  // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT

#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <Availability.h>
#endif

#include <__undef_min_max>

#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
#pragma GCC system_header
#endif

_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD

#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
#  define _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE 0
#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
#  define _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE LC_C_LOCALE
#else
#  define _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE __cloc()
   // Get the C locale object
   _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS locale_t __cloc();
#define __cloc_defined
#endif

typedef _VSTD::remove_pointer<locale_t>::type __locale_struct;
typedef _VSTD::unique_ptr<__locale_struct, decltype(&freelocale)> __locale_unique_ptr;
#ifndef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
typedef _VSTD::unique_ptr<__locale_struct, decltype(&uselocale)> __locale_raii;
#endif

// OSX has nice foo_l() functions that let you turn off use of the global
// locale.  Linux, not so much.  The following functions avoid the locale when
// that's possible and otherwise do the wrong thing.  FIXME.
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(EMSCRIPTEN) || defined(_AIX)

#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
decltype(MB_CUR_MAX_L(_VSTD::declval<locale_t>()))
inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
__mb_cur_max_l(locale_t __l)
{
  return MB_CUR_MAX_L(__l);
}
#else  // _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
decltype(MB_CUR_MAX) __mb_cur_max_l(locale_t __l)
{
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  return MB_CUR_MAX;
}
#endif // _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS

inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
wint_t __btowc_l(int __c, locale_t __l)
{
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  return btowc_l(__c, __l);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  return btowc(__c);
#endif
}

inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
int __wctob_l(wint_t __c, locale_t __l)
{
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  return wctob_l(__c, __l);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  return wctob(__c);
#endif
}

inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
size_t __wcsnrtombs_l(char *__dest, const wchar_t **__src, size_t __nwc,
                      size_t __len, mbstate_t *__ps, locale_t __l)
{
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  return wcsnrtombs_l(__dest, __src, __nwc, __len, __ps, __l);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  return wcsnrtombs(__dest, __src, __nwc, __len, __ps);
#endif
}

inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
size_t __wcrtomb_l(char *__s, wchar_t __wc, mbstate_t *__ps, locale_t __l)
{
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  return wcrtomb_l(__s, __wc, __ps, __l);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  return wcrtomb(__s, __wc, __ps);
#endif
}

inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
size_t __mbsnrtowcs_l(wchar_t * __dest, const char **__src, size_t __nms,
                      size_t __len, mbstate_t *__ps, locale_t __l)
{
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  return mbsnrtowcs_l(__dest, __src, __nms, __len, __ps, __l);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  return mbsnrtowcs(__dest, __src, __nms, __len, __ps);
#endif
}

inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
size_t __mbrtowc_l(wchar_t *__pwc, const char *__s, size_t __n,
                   mbstate_t *__ps, locale_t __l)
{
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  return mbrtowc_l(__pwc, __s, __n, __ps, __l);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  return mbrtowc(__pwc, __s, __n, __ps);
#endif
}

inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
int __mbtowc_l(wchar_t *__pwc, const char *__pmb, size_t __max, locale_t __l)
{
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  return mbtowc_l(__pwc, __pmb, __max, __l);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  return mbtowc(__pwc, __pmb, __max);
#endif
}

inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
size_t __mbrlen_l(const char *__s, size_t __n, mbstate_t *__ps, locale_t __l)
{
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  return mbrlen_l(__s, __n, __ps, __l);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  return mbrlen(__s, __n, __ps);
#endif
}

inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
lconv *__localeconv_l(locale_t __l)
{
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  return localeconv_l(__l);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  return localeconv();
#endif
}

inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
size_t __mbsrtowcs_l(wchar_t *__dest, const char **__src, size_t __len,
                     mbstate_t *__ps, locale_t __l)
{
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  return mbsrtowcs_l(__dest, __src, __len, __ps, __l);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  return mbsrtowcs(__dest, __src, __len, __ps);
#endif
}

inline
int __snprintf_l(char *__s, size_t __n, locale_t __l, const char *__format, ...) {
  va_list __va;
  va_start(__va, __format);
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  int __res = vsnprintf_l(__s, __n, __l, __format, __va);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  int __res = vsnprintf(__s, __n, __format, __va);
#endif
  va_end(__va);
  return __res;
}

inline
int __asprintf_l(char **__s, locale_t __l, const char *__format, ...) {
  va_list __va;
  va_start(__va, __format);
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  int __res = vasprintf_l(__s, __l, __format, __va);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  int __res = vasprintf(__s, __format, __va);
#endif
  va_end(__va);
  return __res;
}

inline
int __sscanf_l(const char *__s, locale_t __l, const char *__format, ...) {
  va_list __va;
  va_start(__va, __format);
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
  int __res = vsscanf_l(__s, __l, __format, __va);
#else
  __locale_raii __current(uselocale(__l), uselocale);
  int __res = vsscanf(__s, __format, __va);
#endif
  va_end(__va);
  return __res;
}

#endif  // __linux__

// __scan_keyword
// Scans [__b, __e) until a match is found in the basic_strings range
//  [__kb, __ke) or until it can be shown that there is no match in [__kb, __ke).
//  __b will be incremented (visibly), consuming CharT until a match is found
//  or proved to not exist.  A keyword may be "", in which will match anything.
//  If one keyword is a prefix of another, and the next CharT in the input
//  might match another keyword, the algorithm will attempt to find the longest
//  matching keyword.  If the longer matching keyword ends up not matching, then
//  no keyword match is found.  If no keyword match is found, __ke is returned
//  and failbit is set in __err.
//  Else an iterator pointing to the matching keyword is found.  If more than
//  one keyword matches, an iterator to the first matching keyword is returned.
//  If on exit __b == __e, eofbit is set in __err.  If __case_senstive is false,
//  __ct is used to force to lower case before comparing characters.
//  Examples:
//  Keywords:  "a", "abb"
//  If the input is "a", the first keyword matches and eofbit is set.
//  If the input is "abc", no match is found and "ab" are consumed.
template <class _InputIterator, class _ForwardIterator, class _Ctype>
_LIBCPP_HIDDEN
_ForwardIterator
__scan_keyword(_InputIterator& __b, _InputIterator __e,
               _ForwardIterator __kb, _ForwardIterator __ke,
               const _Ctype& __ct, ios_base::iostate& __err,
               bool __case_sensitive = true)
{
    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::value_type _CharT;
    size_t __nkw = static_cast<size_t>(_VSTD::distance(__kb, __ke));
    const unsigned char __doesnt_match = '\0';
    const unsigned char __might_match = '\1';
    const unsigned char __does_match = '\2';
    unsigned char __statbuf[100];
    unsigned char* __status = __statbuf;
    unique_ptr<unsigned char, void(*)(void*)> __stat_hold(0, free);
    if (__nkw > sizeof(__statbuf))
    {
        __status = (unsigned char*)malloc(__nkw);
        if (__status == 0)
            __throw_bad_alloc();
        __stat_hold.reset(__status);
    }
    size_t __n_might_match = __nkw;  // At this point, any keyword might match
    size_t __n_does_match = 0;       // but none of them definitely do
    // Initialize all statuses to __might_match, except for "" keywords are __does_match
    unsigned char* __st = __status;
    for (_ForwardIterator __ky = __kb; __ky != __ke; ++__ky, ++__st)
    {
        if (!__ky->empty())
            *__st = __might_match;
        else
        {
            *__st = __does_match;
            --__n_might_match;
            ++__n_does_match;
        }
    }
    // While there might be a match, test keywords against the next CharT
    for (size_t __indx = 0; __b != __e && __n_might_match > 0; ++__indx)
    {
        // Peek at the next CharT but don't consume it
        _CharT __c = *__b;
        if (!__case_sensitive)
            __c = __ct.toupper(__c);
        bool __consume = false;
        // For each keyword which might match, see if the __indx character is __c
        // If a match if found, consume __c
        // If a match is found, and that is the last character in the keyword,
        //    then that keyword matches.
        // If the keyword doesn't match this character, then change the keyword
        //    to doesn't match
        __st = __status;
        for (_ForwardIterator __ky = __kb; __ky != __ke; ++__ky, ++__st)
        {
            if (*__st == __might_match)
            {
                _CharT __kc = (*__ky)[__indx];
                if (!__case_sensitive)
                    __kc = __ct.toupper(__kc);
                if (__c == __kc)
                {
                    __consume = true;
                    if (__ky->size() == __indx+1)
                    {
                        *__st = __does_match;
                        --__n_might_match;
                        ++__n_does_match;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    *__st = __doesnt_match;
                    --__n_might_match;
                }
            }
        }
        // consume if we matched a character
        if (__consume)
        {
            ++__b;
            // If we consumed a character and there might be a matched keyword that
            //   was marked matched on a previous iteration, then such keywords
            //   which are now marked as not matching.
            if (__n_might_match + __n_does_match > 1)
            {
                __st = __status;
                for (_ForwardIterator __ky = __kb; __ky != __ke; ++__ky, ++__st)
                {
                    if (*__st == __does_match && __ky->size() != __indx+1)
                    {
                        *__st = __doesnt_match;
                        --__n_does_match;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // We've exited the loop because we hit eof and/or we have no more "might matches".
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    // Return the first matching result
    for (__st = __status; __kb != __ke; ++__kb, ++__st)
        if (*__st == __does_match)
            break;
    if (__kb == __ke)
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
    return __kb;
}

struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __num_get_base
{
    static const int __num_get_buf_sz = 40;

    static int __get_base(ios_base&);
    static const char __src[33];
};

_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS
void __check_grouping(const string& __grouping, unsigned* __g, unsigned* __g_end,
                      ios_base::iostate& __err);

template <class _CharT>
struct __num_get
    : protected __num_get_base
{
    static string __stage2_int_prep(ios_base& __iob, _CharT* __atoms, _CharT& __thousands_sep);
    static string __stage2_float_prep(ios_base& __iob, _CharT* __atoms, _CharT& __decimal_point,
                                      _CharT& __thousands_sep);
    static int __stage2_int_loop(_CharT __ct, int __base, char* __a, char*& __a_end,
                  unsigned& __dc, _CharT __thousands_sep, const string& __grouping,
                  unsigned* __g, unsigned*& __g_end, _CharT* __atoms);
    static int __stage2_float_loop(_CharT __ct, bool& __in_units, char& __exp,
                                   char* __a, char*& __a_end,
                                   _CharT __decimal_point, _CharT __thousands_sep,
                                   const string& __grouping, unsigned* __g,
                                   unsigned*& __g_end, unsigned& __dc, _CharT* __atoms);
};

template <class _CharT>
string
__num_get<_CharT>::__stage2_int_prep(ios_base& __iob, _CharT* __atoms, _CharT& __thousands_sep)
{
    locale __loc = __iob.getloc();
    use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).widen(__src, __src + 26, __atoms);
    const numpunct<_CharT>& __np = use_facet<numpunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
    __thousands_sep = __np.thousands_sep();
    return __np.grouping();
}

template <class _CharT>
string
__num_get<_CharT>::__stage2_float_prep(ios_base& __iob, _CharT* __atoms, _CharT& __decimal_point,
                    _CharT& __thousands_sep)
{
    locale __loc = __iob.getloc();
    use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).widen(__src, __src + 32, __atoms);
    const numpunct<_CharT>& __np = use_facet<numpunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
    __decimal_point = __np.decimal_point();
    __thousands_sep = __np.thousands_sep();
    return __np.grouping();
}

template <class _CharT>
int
__num_get<_CharT>::__stage2_int_loop(_CharT __ct, int __base, char* __a, char*& __a_end,
                  unsigned& __dc, _CharT __thousands_sep, const string& __grouping,
                  unsigned* __g, unsigned*& __g_end, _CharT* __atoms)
{
    if (__a_end == __a && (__ct == __atoms[24] || __ct == __atoms[25]))
    {
        *__a_end++ = __ct == __atoms[24] ? '+' : '-';
        __dc = 0;
        return 0;
    }
    if (__grouping.size() != 0 && __ct == __thousands_sep)
    {
        if (__g_end-__g < __num_get_buf_sz)
        {
            *__g_end++ = __dc;
            __dc = 0;
        }
        return 0;
    }
    ptrdiff_t __f = find(__atoms, __atoms + 26, __ct) - __atoms;
    if (__f >= 24)
        return -1;
    switch (__base)
    {
    case 8:
    case 10:
        if (__f >= __base)
            return -1;
        break;
    case 16:
        if (__f < 22)
            break;
        if (__a_end != __a && __a_end - __a <= 2 && __a_end[-1] == '0')
        {
            __dc = 0;
            *__a_end++ = __src[__f];
            return 0;
        }
        return -1;
    }
    *__a_end++ = __src[__f];
    ++__dc;
    return 0;
}

template <class _CharT>
int
__num_get<_CharT>::__stage2_float_loop(_CharT __ct, bool& __in_units, char& __exp, char* __a, char*& __a_end,
                    _CharT __decimal_point, _CharT __thousands_sep, const string& __grouping,
                    unsigned* __g, unsigned*& __g_end, unsigned& __dc, _CharT* __atoms)
{
    if (__ct == __decimal_point)
    {
        if (!__in_units)
            return -1;
        __in_units = false;
        *__a_end++ = '.';
        if (__grouping.size() != 0 && __g_end-__g < __num_get_buf_sz)
            *__g_end++ = __dc;
        return 0;
    }
    if (__ct == __thousands_sep && __grouping.size() != 0)
    {
        if (!__in_units)
            return -1;
        if (__g_end-__g < __num_get_buf_sz)
        {
            *__g_end++ = __dc;
            __dc = 0;
        }
        return 0;
    }
    ptrdiff_t __f = find(__atoms, __atoms + 32, __ct) - __atoms;
    if (__f >= 32)
        return -1;
    char __x = __src[__f];
    if (__x == '-' || __x == '+')
    {
        if (__a_end == __a || (__a_end[-1] & 0x5F) == (__exp & 0x7F))
        {
            *__a_end++ = __x;
            return 0;
        }
        return -1;
    }
    if (__x == 'x' || __x == 'X')
        __exp = 'P';
    else if ((__x & 0x5F) == __exp)
    {
        __exp |= 0x80;
        if (__in_units)
        {
            __in_units = false;
            if (__grouping.size() != 0 && __g_end-__g < __num_get_buf_sz)
                *__g_end++ = __dc;
        }
    }
    *__a_end++ = __x;
    if (__f >= 22)
        return 0;
    ++__dc;
    return 0;
}

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __num_get<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __num_get<wchar_t>)

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY num_get
    : public locale::facet,
      private __num_get<_CharT>
{
public:
    typedef _CharT char_type;
    typedef _InputIterator iter_type;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit num_get(size_t __refs = 0)
        : locale::facet(__refs) {}

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, bool& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, long& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, long long& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned short& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned int& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long long& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, float& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, double& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, long double& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, void*& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    static locale::id id;

protected:
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    ~num_get() {}

    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, bool& __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, long& __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, long long& __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned short& __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned int& __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long& __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long long& __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, float& __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, double& __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, long double& __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, void*& __v) const;

    template <class _Fp>
    iter_type __do_get_floating_point
                            (iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, _Fp& __v) const;
};

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
locale::id
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::id;

template <class _Tp>
_Tp
__num_get_signed_integral(const char* __a, const char* __a_end,
                          ios_base::iostate& __err, int __base)
{
    if (__a != __a_end)
    {
        typename remove_reference<decltype(errno)>::type __save_errno = errno;
        errno = 0;
        char *__p2;
        long long __ll = strtoll_l(__a, &__p2, __base, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE);
        typename remove_reference<decltype(errno)>::type __current_errno = errno;
        if (__current_errno == 0)
            errno = __save_errno;
        if (__p2 != __a_end)
        {
            __err = ios_base::failbit;
            return 0;
        }
        else if (__current_errno == ERANGE         ||
                 __ll < numeric_limits<_Tp>::min() ||
                 numeric_limits<_Tp>::max() < __ll)
        {
            __err = ios_base::failbit;
            if (__ll > 0)
                return numeric_limits<_Tp>::max();
            else
                return numeric_limits<_Tp>::min();
        }
        return static_cast<_Tp>(__ll);
    }
    __err = ios_base::failbit;
    return 0;
}

template <class _Tp>
_Tp
__num_get_unsigned_integral(const char* __a, const char* __a_end,
                            ios_base::iostate& __err, int __base)
{
    if (__a != __a_end)
    {
        if (*__a == '-')
        {
            __err = ios_base::failbit;
            return 0;
        }
        typename remove_reference<decltype(errno)>::type __save_errno = errno;
        errno = 0;
        char *__p2;
        unsigned long long __ll = strtoull_l(__a, &__p2, __base, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE);
        typename remove_reference<decltype(errno)>::type __current_errno = errno;
        if (__current_errno == 0)
            errno = __save_errno;
        if (__p2 != __a_end)
        {
            __err = ios_base::failbit;
            return 0;
        }
        else if (__current_errno == ERANGE ||
                 numeric_limits<_Tp>::max() < __ll)
        {
            __err = ios_base::failbit;
            return numeric_limits<_Tp>::max();
        }
        return static_cast<_Tp>(__ll);
    }
    __err = ios_base::failbit;
    return 0;
}

template <class _Tp>
_Tp
__num_get_float(const char* __a, const char* __a_end, ios_base::iostate& __err)
{
    if (__a != __a_end)
    {
        typename remove_reference<decltype(errno)>::type __save_errno = errno;
        errno = 0;
        char *__p2;
        long double __ld = strtold_l(__a, &__p2, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE);
        typename remove_reference<decltype(errno)>::type __current_errno = errno;
        if (__current_errno == 0)
            errno = __save_errno;
        if (__p2 != __a_end)
        {
            __err = ios_base::failbit;
            return 0;
        }
        else if (__current_errno == ERANGE)
            __err = ios_base::failbit;
        return static_cast<_Tp>(__ld);
    }
    __err = ios_base::failbit;
    return 0;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                        ios_base& __iob,
                                        ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                        bool& __v) const
{
    if ((__iob.flags() & ios_base::boolalpha) == 0)
    {
        long __lv = -1;
        __b = do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __lv);
        switch (__lv)
        {
        case 0:
            __v = false;
            break;
        case 1:
            __v = true;
            break;
        default:
            __v = true;
            __err = ios_base::failbit;
            break;
        }
        return __b;
    }
    const ctype<_CharT>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__iob.getloc());
    const numpunct<_CharT>& __np = use_facet<numpunct<_CharT> >(__iob.getloc());
    typedef typename numpunct<_CharT>::string_type string_type;
    const string_type __names[2] = {__np.truename(), __np.falsename()};
    const string_type* __i = __scan_keyword(__b, __e, __names, __names+2,
                                            __ct, __err);
    __v = __i == __names;
    return __b;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                        ios_base& __iob,
                                        ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                        long& __v) const
{
    // Stage 1
    int __base = this->__get_base(__iob);
    // Stage 2
    char_type __atoms[26];
    char_type __thousands_sep;
    string __grouping = this->__stage2_int_prep(__iob, __atoms, __thousands_sep);
    string __buf;
    __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
    char* __a = &__buf[0];
    char* __a_end = __a;
    unsigned __g[__num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz];
    unsigned* __g_end = __g;
    unsigned __dc = 0;
    for (; __b != __e; ++__b)
    {
        if (__a_end - __a == __buf.size())
        {
            size_t __tmp = __buf.size();
            __buf.resize(2*__buf.size());
            __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
            __a = &__buf[0];
            __a_end = __a + __tmp;
        }
        if (this->__stage2_int_loop(*__b, __base, __a, __a_end, __dc,
                                    __thousands_sep, __grouping, __g, __g_end,
                                    __atoms))
            break;
    }
    if (__grouping.size() != 0 && __g_end-__g < __num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz)
        *__g_end++ = __dc;
    // Stage 3
    __v = __num_get_signed_integral<long>(__a, __a_end, __err, __base);
    // Digit grouping checked
    __check_grouping(__grouping, __g, __g_end, __err);
    // EOF checked
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    return __b;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                        ios_base& __iob,
                                        ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                        long long& __v) const
{
    // Stage 1
    int __base = this->__get_base(__iob);
    // Stage 2
    char_type __atoms[26];
    char_type __thousands_sep;
    string __grouping = this->__stage2_int_prep(__iob, __atoms, __thousands_sep);
    string __buf;
    __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
    char* __a = &__buf[0];
    char* __a_end = __a;
    unsigned __g[__num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz];
    unsigned* __g_end = __g;
    unsigned __dc = 0;
    for (; __b != __e; ++__b)
    {
        if (__a_end - __a == __buf.size())
        {
            size_t __tmp = __buf.size();
            __buf.resize(2*__buf.size());
            __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
            __a = &__buf[0];
            __a_end = __a + __tmp;
        }
        if (this->__stage2_int_loop(*__b, __base, __a, __a_end, __dc,
                                    __thousands_sep, __grouping, __g, __g_end,
                                    __atoms))
            break;
    }
    if (__grouping.size() != 0 && __g_end-__g < __num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz)
        *__g_end++ = __dc;
    // Stage 3
    __v = __num_get_signed_integral<long long>(__a, __a_end, __err, __base);
    // Digit grouping checked
    __check_grouping(__grouping, __g, __g_end, __err);
    // EOF checked
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    return __b;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                        ios_base& __iob,
                                        ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                        unsigned short& __v) const
{
    // Stage 1
    int __base = this->__get_base(__iob);
    // Stage 2
    char_type __atoms[26];
    char_type __thousands_sep;
    string __grouping = this->__stage2_int_prep(__iob, __atoms, __thousands_sep);
    string __buf;
    __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
    char* __a = &__buf[0];
    char* __a_end = __a;
    unsigned __g[__num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz];
    unsigned* __g_end = __g;
    unsigned __dc = 0;
    for (; __b != __e; ++__b)
    {
        if (__a_end - __a == __buf.size())
        {
            size_t __tmp = __buf.size();
            __buf.resize(2*__buf.size());
            __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
            __a = &__buf[0];
            __a_end = __a + __tmp;
        }
        if (this->__stage2_int_loop(*__b, __base, __a, __a_end, __dc,
                                    __thousands_sep, __grouping, __g, __g_end,
                                    __atoms))
            break;
    }
    if (__grouping.size() != 0 && __g_end-__g < __num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz)
        *__g_end++ = __dc;
    // Stage 3
    __v = __num_get_unsigned_integral<unsigned short>(__a, __a_end, __err, __base);
    // Digit grouping checked
    __check_grouping(__grouping, __g, __g_end, __err);
    // EOF checked
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    return __b;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                        ios_base& __iob,
                                        ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                        unsigned int& __v) const
{
    // Stage 1
    int __base = this->__get_base(__iob);
    // Stage 2
    char_type __atoms[26];
    char_type __thousands_sep;
    string __grouping = this->__stage2_int_prep(__iob, __atoms, __thousands_sep);
    string __buf;
    __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
    char* __a = &__buf[0];
    char* __a_end = __a;
    unsigned __g[__num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz];
    unsigned* __g_end = __g;
    unsigned __dc = 0;
    for (; __b != __e; ++__b)
    {
        if (__a_end - __a == __buf.size())
        {
            size_t __tmp = __buf.size();
            __buf.resize(2*__buf.size());
            __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
            __a = &__buf[0];
            __a_end = __a + __tmp;
        }
        if (this->__stage2_int_loop(*__b, __base, __a, __a_end, __dc,
                                    __thousands_sep, __grouping, __g, __g_end,
                                    __atoms))
            break;
    }
    if (__grouping.size() != 0 && __g_end-__g < __num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz)
        *__g_end++ = __dc;
    // Stage 3
    __v = __num_get_unsigned_integral<unsigned int>(__a, __a_end, __err, __base);
    // Digit grouping checked
    __check_grouping(__grouping, __g, __g_end, __err);
    // EOF checked
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    return __b;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                        ios_base& __iob,
                                        ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                        unsigned long& __v) const
{
    // Stage 1
    int __base = this->__get_base(__iob);
    // Stage 2
    char_type __atoms[26];
    char_type __thousands_sep;
    string __grouping = this->__stage2_int_prep(__iob, __atoms, __thousands_sep);
    string __buf;
    __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
    char* __a = &__buf[0];
    char* __a_end = __a;
    unsigned __g[__num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz];
    unsigned* __g_end = __g;
    unsigned __dc = 0;
    for (; __b != __e; ++__b)
    {
        if (__a_end - __a == __buf.size())
        {
            size_t __tmp = __buf.size();
            __buf.resize(2*__buf.size());
            __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
            __a = &__buf[0];
            __a_end = __a + __tmp;
        }
        if (this->__stage2_int_loop(*__b, __base, __a, __a_end, __dc,
                                    __thousands_sep, __grouping, __g, __g_end,
                                    __atoms))
            break;
    }
    if (__grouping.size() != 0 && __g_end-__g < __num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz)
        *__g_end++ = __dc;
    // Stage 3
    __v = __num_get_unsigned_integral<unsigned long>(__a, __a_end, __err, __base);
    // Digit grouping checked
    __check_grouping(__grouping, __g, __g_end, __err);
    // EOF checked
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    return __b;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                        ios_base& __iob,
                                        ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                        unsigned long long& __v) const
{
    // Stage 1
    int __base = this->__get_base(__iob);
    // Stage 2
    char_type __atoms[26];
    char_type __thousands_sep;
    string __grouping = this->__stage2_int_prep(__iob, __atoms, __thousands_sep);
    string __buf;
    __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
    char* __a = &__buf[0];
    char* __a_end = __a;
    unsigned __g[__num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz];
    unsigned* __g_end = __g;
    unsigned __dc = 0;
    for (; __b != __e; ++__b)
    {
        if (__a_end - __a == __buf.size())
        {
            size_t __tmp = __buf.size();
            __buf.resize(2*__buf.size());
            __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
            __a = &__buf[0];
            __a_end = __a + __tmp;
        }
        if (this->__stage2_int_loop(*__b, __base, __a, __a_end, __dc,
                                    __thousands_sep, __grouping, __g, __g_end,
                                    __atoms))
            break;
    }
    if (__grouping.size() != 0 && __g_end-__g < __num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz)
        *__g_end++ = __dc;
    // Stage 3
    __v = __num_get_unsigned_integral<unsigned long long>(__a, __a_end, __err, __base);
    // Digit grouping checked
    __check_grouping(__grouping, __g, __g_end, __err);
    // EOF checked
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    return __b;
}

// floating point

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
template <class _Fp>
_InputIterator
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__do_get_floating_point(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                        ios_base& __iob,
                                        ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                        _Fp& __v) const
{
    // Stage 1, nothing to do
    // Stage 2
    char_type __atoms[32];
    char_type __decimal_point;
    char_type __thousands_sep;
    string __grouping = this->__stage2_float_prep(__iob, __atoms,
                                                  __decimal_point,
                                                  __thousands_sep);
    string __buf;
    __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
    char* __a = &__buf[0];
    char* __a_end = __a;
    unsigned __g[__num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz];
    unsigned* __g_end = __g;
    unsigned __dc = 0;
    bool __in_units = true;
    char __exp = 'E';
    for (; __b != __e; ++__b)
    {
        if (__a_end - __a == __buf.size())
        {
            size_t __tmp = __buf.size();
            __buf.resize(2*__buf.size());
            __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
            __a = &__buf[0];
            __a_end = __a + __tmp;
        }
        if (this->__stage2_float_loop(*__b, __in_units, __exp, __a, __a_end,
                                      __decimal_point, __thousands_sep,
                                      __grouping, __g, __g_end,
                                      __dc, __atoms))
            break;
    }
    if (__grouping.size() != 0 && __in_units && __g_end-__g < __num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz)
        *__g_end++ = __dc;
    // Stage 3
    __v = __num_get_float<_Fp>(__a, __a_end, __err);
    // Digit grouping checked
    __check_grouping(__grouping, __g, __g_end, __err);
    // EOF checked
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    return __b;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                        ios_base& __iob,
                                        ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                        float& __v) const
{
    return this->__do_get_floating_point(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v );
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                        ios_base& __iob,
                                        ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                        double& __v) const
{
    return this->__do_get_floating_point(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v );
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                        ios_base& __iob,
                                        ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                        long double& __v) const
{
    return this->__do_get_floating_point(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __v );
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
num_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                        ios_base& __iob,
                                        ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                        void*& __v) const
{
    // Stage 1
    int __base = 16;
    // Stage 2
    char_type __atoms[26];
    char_type __thousands_sep = 0;
    string __grouping;
    use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__iob.getloc()).widen(__num_get_base::__src,
                                                    __num_get_base::__src + 26, __atoms);
    string __buf;
    __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
    char* __a = &__buf[0];
    char* __a_end = __a;
    unsigned __g[__num_get_base::__num_get_buf_sz];
    unsigned* __g_end = __g;
    unsigned __dc = 0;
    for (; __b != __e; ++__b)
    {
        if (__a_end - __a == __buf.size())
        {
            size_t __tmp = __buf.size();
            __buf.resize(2*__buf.size());
            __buf.resize(__buf.capacity());
            __a = &__buf[0];
            __a_end = __a + __tmp;
        }
        if (this->__stage2_int_loop(*__b, __base, __a, __a_end, __dc,
                                    __thousands_sep, __grouping,
                                    __g, __g_end, __atoms))
            break;
    }
    // Stage 3
    __a[sizeof(__a)-1] = 0;
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
    if (sscanf_l(__a, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, "%p", &__v) != 1)
#else
    if (__sscanf_l(__a, __cloc(), "%p", &__v) != 1)
#endif
        __err = ios_base::failbit;
    // EOF checked
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    return __b;
}

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS num_get<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS num_get<wchar_t>)

struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __num_put_base
{
protected:
    static void __format_int(char* __fmt, const char* __len, bool __signd,
                             ios_base::fmtflags __flags);
    static bool __format_float(char* __fmt, const char* __len,
                               ios_base::fmtflags __flags);
    static char* __identify_padding(char* __nb, char* __ne,
                                    const ios_base& __iob);
};

template <class _CharT>
struct __num_put
    : protected __num_put_base
{
    static void __widen_and_group_int(char* __nb, char* __np, char* __ne,
                                      _CharT* __ob, _CharT*& __op, _CharT*& __oe,
                                      const locale& __loc);
    static void __widen_and_group_float(char* __nb, char* __np, char* __ne,
                                        _CharT* __ob, _CharT*& __op, _CharT*& __oe,
                                        const locale& __loc);
};

template <class _CharT>
void
__num_put<_CharT>::__widen_and_group_int(char* __nb, char* __np, char* __ne,
                                         _CharT* __ob, _CharT*& __op, _CharT*& __oe,
                                         const locale& __loc)
{
    const ctype<_CharT>&    __ct = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >   (__loc);
    const numpunct<_CharT>& __npt = use_facet<numpunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
    string __grouping = __npt.grouping();
    if (__grouping.empty())
    {
        __ct.widen(__nb, __ne, __ob);
        __oe = __ob + (__ne - __nb);
    }
    else
    {
        __oe = __ob;
        char* __nf = __nb;
        if (*__nf == '-' || *__nf == '+')
            *__oe++ = __ct.widen(*__nf++);
        if (__ne - __nf >= 2 && __nf[0] == '0' && (__nf[1] == 'x' ||
                                                   __nf[1] == 'X'))
        {
            *__oe++ = __ct.widen(*__nf++);
            *__oe++ = __ct.widen(*__nf++);
        }
        reverse(__nf, __ne);
        _CharT __thousands_sep = __npt.thousands_sep();
        unsigned __dc = 0;
        unsigned __dg = 0;
        for (char* __p = __nf; __p < __ne; ++__p)
        {
            if (static_cast<unsigned>(__grouping[__dg]) > 0 &&
                __dc == static_cast<unsigned>(__grouping[__dg]))
            {
                *__oe++ = __thousands_sep;
                __dc = 0;
                if (__dg < __grouping.size()-1)
                    ++__dg;
            }
            *__oe++ = __ct.widen(*__p);
            ++__dc;
        }
        reverse(__ob + (__nf - __nb), __oe);
    }
    if (__np == __ne)
        __op = __oe;
    else
        __op = __ob + (__np - __nb);
}

template <class _CharT>
void
__num_put<_CharT>::__widen_and_group_float(char* __nb, char* __np, char* __ne,
                                           _CharT* __ob, _CharT*& __op, _CharT*& __oe,
                                           const locale& __loc)
{
    const ctype<_CharT>&    __ct = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >   (__loc);
    const numpunct<_CharT>& __npt = use_facet<numpunct<_CharT> >(__loc);
    string __grouping = __npt.grouping();
    __oe = __ob;
    char* __nf = __nb;
    if (*__nf == '-' || *__nf == '+')
        *__oe++ = __ct.widen(*__nf++);
    char* __ns;
    if (__ne - __nf >= 2 && __nf[0] == '0' && (__nf[1] == 'x' ||
                                               __nf[1] == 'X'))
    {
        *__oe++ = __ct.widen(*__nf++);
        *__oe++ = __ct.widen(*__nf++);
        for (__ns = __nf; __ns < __ne; ++__ns)
            if (!isxdigit_l(*__ns, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE))
                break;
    }
    else
    {
        for (__ns = __nf; __ns < __ne; ++__ns)
            if (!isdigit_l(*__ns, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE))
                break;
    }
    if (__grouping.empty())
    {
        __ct.widen(__nf, __ns, __oe);
        __oe += __ns - __nf;
    }
    else
    {
        reverse(__nf, __ns);
        _CharT __thousands_sep = __npt.thousands_sep();
        unsigned __dc = 0;
        unsigned __dg = 0;
        for (char* __p = __nf; __p < __ns; ++__p)
        {
            if (__grouping[__dg] > 0 && __dc == static_cast<unsigned>(__grouping[__dg]))
            {
                *__oe++ = __thousands_sep;
                __dc = 0;
                if (__dg < __grouping.size()-1)
                    ++__dg;
            }
            *__oe++ = __ct.widen(*__p);
            ++__dc;
        }
        reverse(__ob + (__nf - __nb), __oe);
    }
    for (__nf = __ns; __nf < __ne; ++__nf)
    {
        if (*__nf == '.')
        {
            *__oe++ = __npt.decimal_point();
            ++__nf;
            break;
        }
        else
            *__oe++ = __ct.widen(*__nf);
    }
    __ct.widen(__nf, __ne, __oe);
    __oe += __ne - __nf;
    if (__np == __ne)
        __op = __oe;
    else
        __op = __ob + (__np - __nb);
}

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __num_put<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __num_put<wchar_t>)

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator = ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY num_put
    : public locale::facet,
      private __num_put<_CharT>
{
public:
    typedef _CharT char_type;
    typedef _OutputIterator iter_type;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit num_put(size_t __refs = 0)
        : locale::facet(__refs) {}

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                  bool __v) const
    {
        return do_put(__s, __iob, __fl, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                  long __v) const
    {
        return do_put(__s, __iob, __fl, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                  long long __v) const
    {
        return do_put(__s, __iob, __fl, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                  unsigned long __v) const
    {
        return do_put(__s, __iob, __fl, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                  unsigned long long __v) const
    {
        return do_put(__s, __iob, __fl, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                  double __v) const
    {
        return do_put(__s, __iob, __fl, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                  long double __v) const
    {
        return do_put(__s, __iob, __fl, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                  const void* __v) const
    {
        return do_put(__s, __iob, __fl, __v);
    }

    static locale::id id;

protected:
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    ~num_put() {}

    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                             bool __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                             long __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                             long long __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                             unsigned long) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                             unsigned long long) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                             double __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                             long double __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                             const void* __v) const;
};

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
locale::id
num_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::id;

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_LIBCPP_HIDDEN
_OutputIterator
__pad_and_output(_OutputIterator __s,
                 const _CharT* __ob, const _CharT* __op, const _CharT* __oe,
                 ios_base& __iob, _CharT __fl)
{
    streamsize __sz = __oe - __ob;
    streamsize __ns = __iob.width();
    if (__ns > __sz)
        __ns -= __sz;
    else
        __ns = 0;
    for (;__ob < __op; ++__ob, ++__s)
        *__s = *__ob;
    for (; __ns; --__ns, ++__s)
        *__s = __fl;
    for (; __ob < __oe; ++__ob, ++__s)
        *__s = *__ob;
    __iob.width(0);
    return __s;
}

#if !defined(__APPLE__) || \
    (defined(__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED > __MAC_10_8) || \
    (defined(__IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) && __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED > __IPHONE_6_0)

template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
_LIBCPP_HIDDEN
ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT, _Traits>
__pad_and_output(ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT, _Traits> __s,
                 const _CharT* __ob, const _CharT* __op, const _CharT* __oe,
                 ios_base& __iob, _CharT __fl)
{
    if (__s.__sbuf_ == nullptr)
        return __s;
    streamsize __sz = __oe - __ob;
    streamsize __ns = __iob.width();
    if (__ns > __sz)
        __ns -= __sz;
    else
        __ns = 0;
    streamsize __np = __op - __ob;
    if (__np > 0)
    {
        if (__s.__sbuf_->sputn(__ob, __np) != __np)
        {
            __s.__sbuf_ = nullptr;
            return __s;
        }
    }
    if (__ns > 0)
    {
        basic_string<_CharT, _Traits> __sp(__ns, __fl);
        if (__s.__sbuf_->sputn(__sp.data(), __ns) != __ns)
        {
            __s.__sbuf_ = nullptr;
            return __s;
        }
    }
    __np = __oe - __op;
    if (__np > 0)
    {
        if (__s.__sbuf_->sputn(__op, __np) != __np)
        {
            __s.__sbuf_ = nullptr;
            return __s;
        }
    }
    __iob.width(0);
    return __s;
}

#endif

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_OutputIterator
num_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob,
                                         char_type __fl, bool __v) const
{
    if ((__iob.flags() & ios_base::boolalpha) == 0)
        return do_put(__s, __iob, __fl, (unsigned long)__v);
    const numpunct<char_type>& __np = use_facet<numpunct<char_type> >(__iob.getloc());
    typedef typename numpunct<char_type>::string_type string_type;
#if _LIBCPP_DEBUG_LEVEL >= 2
    string_type __tmp(__v ? __np.truename() : __np.falsename());
    string_type __nm = _VSTD::move(__tmp);
#else
    string_type __nm = __v ? __np.truename() : __np.falsename();
#endif
    for (typename string_type::iterator __i = __nm.begin(); __i != __nm.end(); ++__i, ++__s)
        *__s = *__i;
    return __s;
}

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_OutputIterator
num_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob,
                                         char_type __fl, long __v) const
{
    // Stage 1 - Get number in narrow char
    char __fmt[6] = {'%', 0};
    const char* __len = "l";
    this->__format_int(__fmt+1, __len, true, __iob.flags());
    const unsigned __nbuf = (numeric_limits<long>::digits / 3)
                          + ((numeric_limits<long>::digits % 3) != 0)
                          + 1;
    char __nar[__nbuf];
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
    int __nc = snprintf_l(__nar, sizeof(__nar), _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt, __v);
#else
    int __nc = __snprintf_l(__nar, sizeof(__nar), __cloc(), __fmt, __v);
#endif
    char* __ne = __nar + __nc;
    char* __np = this->__identify_padding(__nar, __ne, __iob);
    // Stage 2 - Widen __nar while adding thousands separators
    char_type __o[2*(__nbuf-1) - 1];
    char_type* __op;  // pad here
    char_type* __oe;  // end of output
    this->__widen_and_group_int(__nar, __np, __ne, __o, __op, __oe, __iob.getloc());
    // [__o, __oe) contains thousands_sep'd wide number
    // Stage 3 & 4
    return __pad_and_output(__s, __o, __op, __oe, __iob, __fl);
}

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_OutputIterator
num_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob,
                                         char_type __fl, long long __v) const
{
    // Stage 1 - Get number in narrow char
    char __fmt[8] = {'%', 0};
    const char* __len = "ll";
    this->__format_int(__fmt+1, __len, true, __iob.flags());
    const unsigned __nbuf = (numeric_limits<long long>::digits / 3)
                          + ((numeric_limits<long long>::digits % 3) != 0)
                          + 1;
    char __nar[__nbuf];
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
    int __nc = snprintf_l(__nar, sizeof(__nar), _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt, __v);
#else
    int __nc = __snprintf_l(__nar, sizeof(__nar), __cloc(), __fmt, __v);
#endif
    char* __ne = __nar + __nc;
    char* __np = this->__identify_padding(__nar, __ne, __iob);
    // Stage 2 - Widen __nar while adding thousands separators
    char_type __o[2*(__nbuf-1) - 1];
    char_type* __op;  // pad here
    char_type* __oe;  // end of output
    this->__widen_and_group_int(__nar, __np, __ne, __o, __op, __oe, __iob.getloc());
    // [__o, __oe) contains thousands_sep'd wide number
    // Stage 3 & 4
    return __pad_and_output(__s, __o, __op, __oe, __iob, __fl);
}

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_OutputIterator
num_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob,
                                         char_type __fl, unsigned long __v) const
{
    // Stage 1 - Get number in narrow char
    char __fmt[6] = {'%', 0};
    const char* __len = "l";
    this->__format_int(__fmt+1, __len, false, __iob.flags());
    const unsigned __nbuf = (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits / 3)
                          + ((numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits % 3) != 0)
                          + 1;
    char __nar[__nbuf];
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
    int __nc = snprintf_l(__nar, sizeof(__nar), _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt, __v);
#else
    int __nc = __snprintf_l(__nar, sizeof(__nar), __cloc(), __fmt, __v);
#endif
    char* __ne = __nar + __nc;
    char* __np = this->__identify_padding(__nar, __ne, __iob);
    // Stage 2 - Widen __nar while adding thousands separators
    char_type __o[2*(__nbuf-1) - 1];
    char_type* __op;  // pad here
    char_type* __oe;  // end of output
    this->__widen_and_group_int(__nar, __np, __ne, __o, __op, __oe, __iob.getloc());
    // [__o, __oe) contains thousands_sep'd wide number
    // Stage 3 & 4
    return __pad_and_output(__s, __o, __op, __oe, __iob, __fl);
}

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_OutputIterator
num_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob,
                                         char_type __fl, unsigned long long __v) const
{
    // Stage 1 - Get number in narrow char
    char __fmt[8] = {'%', 0};
    const char* __len = "ll";
    this->__format_int(__fmt+1, __len, false, __iob.flags());
    const unsigned __nbuf = (numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::digits / 3)
                          + ((numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::digits % 3) != 0)
                          + 1;
    char __nar[__nbuf];
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
    int __nc = snprintf_l(__nar, sizeof(__nar), _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt, __v);
#else
    int __nc = __snprintf_l(__nar, sizeof(__nar), __cloc(), __fmt, __v);
#endif
    char* __ne = __nar + __nc;
    char* __np = this->__identify_padding(__nar, __ne, __iob);
    // Stage 2 - Widen __nar while adding thousands separators
    char_type __o[2*(__nbuf-1) - 1];
    char_type* __op;  // pad here
    char_type* __oe;  // end of output
    this->__widen_and_group_int(__nar, __np, __ne, __o, __op, __oe, __iob.getloc());
    // [__o, __oe) contains thousands_sep'd wide number
    // Stage 3 & 4
    return __pad_and_output(__s, __o, __op, __oe, __iob, __fl);
}

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_OutputIterator
num_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob,
                                         char_type __fl, double __v) const
{
    // Stage 1 - Get number in narrow char
    char __fmt[8] = {'%', 0};
    const char* __len = "";
    bool __specify_precision = this->__format_float(__fmt+1, __len, __iob.flags());
    const unsigned __nbuf = 30;
    char __nar[__nbuf];
    char* __nb = __nar;
    int __nc;
    if (__specify_precision)
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
        __nc = snprintf_l(__nb, __nbuf, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt,
                                   (int)__iob.precision(), __v);
#else
        __nc = __snprintf_l(__nb, __nbuf, __cloc(), __fmt,
                            (int)__iob.precision(), __v);
#endif
    else
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
        __nc = snprintf_l(__nb, __nbuf, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt, __v);
#else
        __nc = __snprintf_l(__nb, __nbuf, __cloc(), __fmt, __v);
#endif
    unique_ptr<char, void(*)(void*)> __nbh(0, free);
    if (__nc > static_cast<int>(__nbuf-1))
    {
        if (__specify_precision)
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
            __nc = asprintf_l(&__nb, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt, (int)__iob.precision(), __v);
#else
            __nc = __asprintf_l(&__nb, __cloc(), __fmt,
                              (int)__iob.precision(), __v);
#endif
        else
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
            __nc = asprintf_l(&__nb, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt, __v);
#else
            __nc = __asprintf_l(&__nb, __cloc(), __fmt, (int)__iob.precision(), __v);
#endif
        if (__nb == 0)
            __throw_bad_alloc();
        __nbh.reset(__nb);
    }
    char* __ne = __nb + __nc;
    char* __np = this->__identify_padding(__nb, __ne, __iob);
    // Stage 2 - Widen __nar while adding thousands separators
    char_type __o[2*(__nbuf-1) - 1];
    char_type* __ob = __o;
    unique_ptr<char_type, void(*)(void*)> __obh(0, free);
    if (__nb != __nar)
    {
        __ob = (char_type*)malloc(2*static_cast<size_t>(__nc)*sizeof(char_type));
        if (__ob == 0)
            __throw_bad_alloc();
        __obh.reset(__ob);
    }
    char_type* __op;  // pad here
    char_type* __oe;  // end of output
    this->__widen_and_group_float(__nb, __np, __ne, __ob, __op, __oe, __iob.getloc());
    // [__o, __oe) contains thousands_sep'd wide number
    // Stage 3 & 4
    __s = __pad_and_output(__s, __ob, __op, __oe, __iob, __fl);
    return __s;
}

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_OutputIterator
num_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob,
                                         char_type __fl, long double __v) const
{
    // Stage 1 - Get number in narrow char
    char __fmt[8] = {'%', 0};
    const char* __len = "L";
    bool __specify_precision = this->__format_float(__fmt+1, __len, __iob.flags());
    const unsigned __nbuf = 30;
    char __nar[__nbuf];
    char* __nb = __nar;
    int __nc;
    if (__specify_precision)
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
        __nc = snprintf_l(__nb, __nbuf, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt,
                                   (int)__iob.precision(), __v);
#else
        __nc = __snprintf_l(__nb, __nbuf, __cloc(), __fmt,
                            (int)__iob.precision(), __v);
#endif
    else
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
        __nc = snprintf_l(__nb, __nbuf, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt, __v);
#else
        __nc = __snprintf_l(__nb, __nbuf, __cloc(), __fmt, __v);
#endif
    unique_ptr<char, void(*)(void*)> __nbh(0, free);
    if (__nc > static_cast<int>(__nbuf-1))
    {
        if (__specify_precision)
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
            __nc = asprintf_l(&__nb, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt, (int)__iob.precision(), __v);
#else
            __nc = __asprintf_l(&__nb, __cloc(), __fmt,
                              (int)__iob.precision(), __v);
#endif
        else
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
            __nc = asprintf_l(&__nb, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt, __v);
#else
            __nc = __asprintf_l(&__nb, __cloc(), __fmt, __v);
#endif
        if (__nb == 0)
            __throw_bad_alloc();
        __nbh.reset(__nb);
    }
    char* __ne = __nb + __nc;
    char* __np = this->__identify_padding(__nb, __ne, __iob);
    // Stage 2 - Widen __nar while adding thousands separators
    char_type __o[2*(__nbuf-1) - 1];
    char_type* __ob = __o;
    unique_ptr<char_type, void(*)(void*)> __obh(0, free);
    if (__nb != __nar)
    {
        __ob = (char_type*)malloc(2*static_cast<size_t>(__nc)*sizeof(char_type));
        if (__ob == 0)
            __throw_bad_alloc();
        __obh.reset(__ob);
    }
    char_type* __op;  // pad here
    char_type* __oe;  // end of output
    this->__widen_and_group_float(__nb, __np, __ne, __ob, __op, __oe, __iob.getloc());
    // [__o, __oe) contains thousands_sep'd wide number
    // Stage 3 & 4
    __s = __pad_and_output(__s, __ob, __op, __oe, __iob, __fl);
    return __s;
}

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_OutputIterator
num_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob,
                                         char_type __fl, const void* __v) const
{
    // Stage 1 - Get pointer in narrow char
    char __fmt[6] = "%p";
    const unsigned __nbuf = 20;
    char __nar[__nbuf];
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
    int __nc = snprintf_l(__nar, sizeof(__nar), _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, __fmt, __v);
#else
    int __nc = __snprintf_l(__nar, sizeof(__nar), __cloc(), __fmt, __v);
#endif
    char* __ne = __nar + __nc;
    char* __np = this->__identify_padding(__nar, __ne, __iob);
    // Stage 2 - Widen __nar
    char_type __o[2*(__nbuf-1) - 1];
    char_type* __op;  // pad here
    char_type* __oe;  // end of output
    const ctype<char_type>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(__iob.getloc());
    __ct.widen(__nar, __ne, __o);
    __oe = __o + (__ne - __nar);
    if (__np == __ne)
        __op = __oe;
    else
        __op = __o + (__np - __nar);
    // [__o, __oe) contains wide number
    // Stage 3 & 4
    return __pad_and_output(__s, __o, __op, __oe, __iob, __fl);
}

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS num_put<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS num_put<wchar_t>)

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_LIBCPP_HIDDEN
int
__get_up_to_n_digits(_InputIterator& __b, _InputIterator __e,
                     ios_base::iostate& __err, const ctype<_CharT>& __ct, int __n)
{
    // Precondition:  __n >= 1
    if (__b == __e)
    {
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit | ios_base::failbit;
        return 0;
    }
    // get first digit
    _CharT __c = *__b;
    if (!__ct.is(ctype_base::digit, __c))
    {
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
        return 0;
    }
    int __r = __ct.narrow(__c, 0) - '0';
    for (++__b, --__n; __b != __e && __n > 0; ++__b, --__n)
    {
        // get next digit
        __c = *__b;
        if (!__ct.is(ctype_base::digit, __c))
            return __r;
        __r = __r * 10 + __ct.narrow(__c, 0) - '0';
    }
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    return __r;
}

class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS time_base
{
public:
    enum dateorder {no_order, dmy, mdy, ymd, ydm};
};

template <class _CharT>
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __time_get_c_storage
{
protected:
    typedef basic_string<_CharT> string_type;

    virtual const string_type* __weeks() const;
    virtual const string_type* __months() const;
    virtual const string_type* __am_pm() const;
    virtual const string_type& __c() const;
    virtual const string_type& __r() const;
    virtual const string_type& __x() const;
    virtual const string_type& __X() const;
};

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY time_get
    : public locale::facet,
      public time_base,
      private __time_get_c_storage<_CharT>
{
public:
    typedef _CharT                  char_type;
    typedef _InputIterator          iter_type;
    typedef time_base::dateorder    dateorder;
    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit time_get(size_t __refs = 0)
        : locale::facet(__refs) {}

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    dateorder date_order() const
    {
        return this->do_date_order();
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get_time(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                       ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
        return do_get_time(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get_date(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                       ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
        return do_get_date(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get_weekday(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                          ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
        return do_get_weekday(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get_monthname(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                            ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
        return do_get_monthname(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get_year(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                       ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const
    {
        return do_get_year(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, tm *__tm,
                  char __fmt, char __mod = 0) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm, __fmt, __mod);
    }

    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm,
                  const char_type* __fmtb, const char_type* __fmte) const;

    static locale::id id;

protected:
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    ~time_get() {}

    virtual dateorder do_date_order() const;
    virtual iter_type do_get_time(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                                  ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get_date(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                                  ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get_weekday(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                                     ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get_monthname(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                                       ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get_year(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                                  ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, ios_base& __iob,
                             ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm,
                             char __fmt, char __mod) const;
private:
    void __get_white_space(iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                           ios_base::iostate& __err, const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_percent(iter_type& __b, iter_type __e, ios_base::iostate& __err,
                       const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;

    void __get_weekdayname(int& __m,
                           iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                           ios_base::iostate& __err,
                           const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_monthname(int& __m,
                         iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                         ios_base::iostate& __err,
                         const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_day(int& __d,
                   iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                   ios_base::iostate& __err,
                   const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_month(int& __m,
                     iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                     ios_base::iostate& __err,
                     const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_year(int& __y,
                   iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                   ios_base::iostate& __err,
                   const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_year4(int& __y,
                    iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                    ios_base::iostate& __err,
                    const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_hour(int& __d,
                    iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                    ios_base::iostate& __err,
                    const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_12_hour(int& __h,
                       iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                       ios_base::iostate& __err,
                       const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_am_pm(int& __h,
                     iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                     ios_base::iostate& __err,
                     const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_minute(int& __m,
                      iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                      ios_base::iostate& __err,
                      const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_second(int& __s,
                      iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                      ios_base::iostate& __err,
                      const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_weekday(int& __w,
                       iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                       ios_base::iostate& __err,
                       const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
    void __get_day_year_num(int& __w,
                            iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                            ios_base::iostate& __err,
                            const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const;
};

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
locale::id
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::id;

// time_get primatives

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_weekdayname(int& __w,
                                                    iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                                    ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                                    const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    // Note:  ignoring case comes from the POSIX strptime spec
    const string_type* __wk = this->__weeks();
    ptrdiff_t __i = __scan_keyword(__b, __e, __wk, __wk+14, __ct, __err, false) - __wk;
    if (__i < 14)
        __w = __i % 7;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_monthname(int& __m,
                                                  iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                                  ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                                  const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    // Note:  ignoring case comes from the POSIX strptime spec
    const string_type* __month = this->__months();
    ptrdiff_t __i = __scan_keyword(__b, __e, __month, __month+24, __ct, __err, false) - __month;
    if (__i < 24)
        __m = __i % 12;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_day(int& __d,
                                            iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                            ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                            const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    int __t = __get_up_to_n_digits(__b, __e, __err, __ct, 2);
    if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && 1 <= __t && __t <= 31)
        __d = __t;
    else
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_month(int& __m,
                                              iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                              ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                              const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    int __t = __get_up_to_n_digits(__b, __e, __err, __ct, 2) - 1;
    if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && __t <= 11)
        __m = __t;
    else
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_year(int& __y,
                                             iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                             ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                             const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    int __t = __get_up_to_n_digits(__b, __e, __err, __ct, 4);
    if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit))
    {
        if (__t < 69)
            __t += 2000;
        else if (69 <= __t && __t <= 99)
            __t += 1900;
        __y = __t - 1900;
    }
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_year4(int& __y,
                                              iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                              ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                              const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    int __t = __get_up_to_n_digits(__b, __e, __err, __ct, 4);
    if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit))
        __y = __t - 1900;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_hour(int& __h,
                                             iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                             ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                             const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    int __t = __get_up_to_n_digits(__b, __e, __err, __ct, 2);
    if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && __t <= 23)
        __h = __t;
    else
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_12_hour(int& __h,
                                                iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                                ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                                const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    int __t = __get_up_to_n_digits(__b, __e, __err, __ct, 2);
    if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && 1 <= __t && __t <= 12)
        __h = __t;
    else
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_minute(int& __m,
                                               iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                               ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                               const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    int __t = __get_up_to_n_digits(__b, __e, __err, __ct, 2);
    if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && __t <= 59)
        __m = __t;
    else
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_second(int& __s,
                                               iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                               ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                               const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    int __t = __get_up_to_n_digits(__b, __e, __err, __ct, 2);
    if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && __t <= 60)
        __s = __t;
    else
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_weekday(int& __w,
                                                iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                                ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                                const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    int __t = __get_up_to_n_digits(__b, __e, __err, __ct, 1);
    if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && __t <= 6)
        __w = __t;
    else
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_day_year_num(int& __d,
                                                     iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                                     ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                                     const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    int __t = __get_up_to_n_digits(__b, __e, __err, __ct, 3);
    if (!(__err & ios_base::failbit) && __t <= 365)
        __d = __t;
    else
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_white_space(iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                                    ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                                    const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    for (; __b != __e && __ct.is(ctype_base::space, *__b); ++__b)
        ;
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_am_pm(int& __h,
                                              iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                              ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                              const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    const string_type* __ap = this->__am_pm();
    if (__ap[0].size() + __ap[1].size() == 0)
    {
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
        return;
    }
    ptrdiff_t __i = __scan_keyword(__b, __e, __ap, __ap+2, __ct, __err, false) - __ap;
    if (__i == 0 && __h == 12)
        __h = 0;
    else if (__i == 1 && __h < 12)
        __h += 12;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
void
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__get_percent(iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                                ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                                const ctype<char_type>& __ct) const
{
    if (__b == __e)
    {
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit | ios_base::failbit;
        return;
    }
    if (__ct.narrow(*__b, 0) != '%')
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
    else if(++__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
}

// time_get end primatives

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                      ios_base& __iob,
                                      ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm,
                                      const char_type* __fmtb, const char_type* __fmte) const
{
    const ctype<char_type>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(__iob.getloc());
    __err = ios_base::goodbit;
    while (__fmtb != __fmte && __err == ios_base::goodbit)
    {
        if (__b == __e)
        {
            __err = ios_base::failbit;
            break;
        }
        if (__ct.narrow(*__fmtb, 0) == '%')
        {
            if (++__fmtb == __fmte)
            {
                __err = ios_base::failbit;
                break;
            }
            char __cmd = __ct.narrow(*__fmtb, 0);
            char __opt = '\0';
            if (__cmd == 'E' || __cmd == '0')
            {
                if (++__fmtb == __fmte)
                {
                    __err = ios_base::failbit;
                    break;
                }
                __opt = __cmd;
                __cmd = __ct.narrow(*__fmtb, 0);
            }
            __b = do_get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm, __cmd, __opt);
            ++__fmtb;
        }
        else if (__ct.is(ctype_base::space, *__fmtb))
        {
            for (++__fmtb; __fmtb != __fmte && __ct.is(ctype_base::space, *__fmtb); ++__fmtb)
                ;
            for (        ;    __b != __e    && __ct.is(ctype_base::space, *__b);    ++__b)
                ;
        }
        else if (__ct.toupper(*__b) == __ct.toupper(*__fmtb))
        {
            ++__b;
            ++__fmtb;
        }
        else
            __err = ios_base::failbit;
    }
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    return __b;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
typename time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::dateorder
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_date_order() const
{
    return mdy;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get_time(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                              ios_base& __iob,
                                              ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                              tm* __tm) const
{
    const char_type __fmt[] = {'%', 'H', ':', '%', 'M', ':', '%', 'S'};
    return get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm, __fmt, __fmt + sizeof(__fmt)/sizeof(__fmt[0]));
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get_date(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                              ios_base& __iob,
                                              ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                              tm* __tm) const
{
    const string_type& __fmt = this->__x();
    return get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm, __fmt.data(), __fmt.data() + __fmt.size());
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get_weekday(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                                 ios_base& __iob,
                                                 ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                                 tm* __tm) const
{
    const ctype<char_type>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(__iob.getloc());
    __get_weekdayname(__tm->tm_wday, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
    return __b;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get_monthname(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                                   ios_base& __iob,
                                                   ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                                   tm* __tm) const
{
    const ctype<char_type>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(__iob.getloc());
    __get_monthname(__tm->tm_mon, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
    return __b;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get_year(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                              ios_base& __iob,
                                              ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                              tm* __tm) const
{
    const ctype<char_type>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(__iob.getloc());
    __get_year(__tm->tm_year, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
    return __b;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                         ios_base& __iob,
                                         ios_base::iostate& __err, tm* __tm,
                                         char __fmt, char) const
{
    __err = ios_base::goodbit;
    const ctype<char_type>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(__iob.getloc());
    switch (__fmt)
    {
    case 'a':
    case 'A':
        __get_weekdayname(__tm->tm_wday, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'b':
    case 'B':
    case 'h':
        __get_monthname(__tm->tm_mon, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'c':
        {
        const string_type& __fm = this->__c();
        __b = get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm, __fm.data(), __fm.data() + __fm.size());
        }
        break;
    case 'd':
    case 'e':
        __get_day(__tm->tm_mday, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'D':
        {
        const char_type __fm[] = {'%', 'm', '/', '%', 'd', '/', '%', 'y'};
        __b = get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm, __fm, __fm + sizeof(__fm)/sizeof(__fm[0]));
        }
        break;
    case 'F':
        {
        const char_type __fm[] = {'%', 'Y', '-', '%', 'm', '-', '%', 'd'};
        __b = get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm, __fm, __fm + sizeof(__fm)/sizeof(__fm[0]));
        }
        break;
    case 'H':
        __get_hour(__tm->tm_hour, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'I':
        __get_12_hour(__tm->tm_hour, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'j':
        __get_day_year_num(__tm->tm_yday, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'm':
        __get_month(__tm->tm_mon, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'M':
        __get_minute(__tm->tm_min, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'n':
    case 't':
        __get_white_space(__b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'p':
        __get_am_pm(__tm->tm_hour, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'r':
        {
        const char_type __fm[] = {'%', 'I', ':', '%', 'M', ':', '%', 'S', ' ', '%', 'p'};
        __b = get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm, __fm, __fm + sizeof(__fm)/sizeof(__fm[0]));
        }
        break;
    case 'R':
        {
        const char_type __fm[] = {'%', 'H', ':', '%', 'M'};
        __b = get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm, __fm, __fm + sizeof(__fm)/sizeof(__fm[0]));
        }
        break;
    case 'S':
        __get_second(__tm->tm_sec, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'T':
        {
        const char_type __fm[] = {'%', 'H', ':', '%', 'M', ':', '%', 'S'};
        __b = get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm, __fm, __fm + sizeof(__fm)/sizeof(__fm[0]));
        }
        break;
    case 'w':
        __get_weekday(__tm->tm_wday, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'x':
        return do_get_date(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm);
    case 'X':
        {
        const string_type& __fm = this->__X();
        __b = get(__b, __e, __iob, __err, __tm, __fm.data(), __fm.data() + __fm.size());
        }
        break;
    case 'y':
        __get_year(__tm->tm_year, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case 'Y':
        __get_year4(__tm->tm_year, __b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    case '%':
        __get_percent(__b, __e, __err, __ct);
        break;
    default:
        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
    }
    return __b;
}

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS time_get<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS time_get<wchar_t>)

class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __time_get
{
protected:
    locale_t __loc_;

    __time_get(const char* __nm);
    __time_get(const string& __nm);
    ~__time_get();
};

template <class _CharT>
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __time_get_storage
    : public __time_get
{
protected:
    typedef basic_string<_CharT> string_type;

    string_type __weeks_[14];
    string_type __months_[24];
    string_type __am_pm_[2];
    string_type __c_;
    string_type __r_;
    string_type __x_;
    string_type __X_;

    explicit __time_get_storage(const char* __nm);
    explicit __time_get_storage(const string& __nm);

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE ~__time_get_storage() {}

    time_base::dateorder __do_date_order() const;

private:
    void init(const ctype<_CharT>&);
    string_type __analyze(char __fmt, const ctype<_CharT>&);
};

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY time_get_byname
    : public time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>,
      private __time_get_storage<_CharT>
{
public:
    typedef time_base::dateorder    dateorder;
    typedef _InputIterator          iter_type;
    typedef _CharT                  char_type;
    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;

    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    explicit time_get_byname(const char* __nm, size_t __refs = 0)
        : time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>(__refs),
          __time_get_storage<_CharT>(__nm) {}
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    explicit time_get_byname(const string& __nm, size_t __refs = 0)
        : time_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>(__refs),
          __time_get_storage<_CharT>(__nm) {}

protected:
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    ~time_get_byname() {}

    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    virtual dateorder do_date_order() const {return this->__do_date_order();}
private:
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    virtual const string_type* __weeks() const  {return this->__weeks_;}
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    virtual const string_type* __months() const {return this->__months_;}
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    virtual const string_type* __am_pm() const  {return this->__am_pm_;}
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    virtual const string_type& __c() const      {return this->__c_;}
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    virtual const string_type& __r() const      {return this->__r_;}
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    virtual const string_type& __x() const      {return this->__x_;}
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    virtual const string_type& __X() const      {return this->__X_;}
};

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS time_get_byname<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS time_get_byname<wchar_t>)

class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __time_put
{
    locale_t __loc_;
protected:
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE __time_put() : __loc_(_LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE) {}
    __time_put(const char* __nm);
    __time_put(const string& __nm);
    ~__time_put();
    void __do_put(char* __nb, char*& __ne, const tm* __tm,
                  char __fmt, char __mod) const;
    void __do_put(wchar_t* __wb, wchar_t*& __we, const tm* __tm,
                  char __fmt, char __mod) const;
};

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator = ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY time_put
    : public locale::facet,
      private __time_put
{
public:
    typedef _CharT char_type;
    typedef _OutputIterator iter_type;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit time_put(size_t __refs = 0)
        : locale::facet(__refs) {}

    iter_type put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl, const tm* __tm,
                  const char_type* __pb, const char_type* __pe) const;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                  const tm* __tm, char __fmt, char __mod = 0) const
    {
        return do_put(__s, __iob, __fl, __tm, __fmt, __mod);
    }

    static locale::id id;

protected:
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    ~time_put() {}
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base&, char_type, const tm* __tm,
                             char __fmt, char __mod) const;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit time_put(const char* __nm, size_t __refs)
        : locale::facet(__refs),
          __time_put(__nm) {}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit time_put(const string& __nm, size_t __refs)
        : locale::facet(__refs),
          __time_put(__nm) {}
};

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
locale::id
time_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::id;

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_OutputIterator
time_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __iob,
                                       char_type __fl, const tm* __tm,
                                       const char_type* __pb,
                                       const char_type* __pe) const
{
    const ctype<char_type>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(__iob.getloc());
    for (; __pb != __pe; ++__pb)
    {
        if (__ct.narrow(*__pb, 0) == '%')
        {
            if (++__pb == __pe)
            {
                *__s++ = __pb[-1];
                break;
            }
            char __mod = 0;
            char __fmt = __ct.narrow(*__pb, 0);
            if (__fmt == 'E' || __fmt == 'O')
            {
                if (++__pb == __pe)
                {
                    *__s++ = __pb[-2];
                    *__s++ = __pb[-1];
                    break;
                }
                __mod = __fmt;
                __fmt = __ct.narrow(*__pb, 0);
            }
            __s = do_put(__s, __iob, __fl, __tm, __fmt, __mod);
        }
        else
            *__s++ = *__pb;
    }
    return __s;
}

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_OutputIterator
time_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base&,
                                          char_type, const tm* __tm,
                                          char __fmt, char __mod) const
{
    char_type __nar[100];
    char_type* __nb = __nar;
    char_type* __ne = __nb + 100;
    __do_put(__nb, __ne, __tm, __fmt, __mod);
    return _VSTD::copy(__nb, __ne, __s);
}

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS time_put<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS time_put<wchar_t>)

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator = ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY time_put_byname
    : public time_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>
{
public:
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit time_put_byname(const char* __nm, size_t __refs = 0)
        : time_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>(__nm, __refs) {}

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit time_put_byname(const string& __nm, size_t __refs = 0)
        : time_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>(__nm, __refs) {}

protected:
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    ~time_put_byname() {}
};

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS time_put_byname<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS time_put_byname<wchar_t>)

// money_base

class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS money_base
{
public:
    enum part {none, space, symbol, sign, value};
    struct pattern {char field[4];};

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE money_base() {}
};

// moneypunct

template <class _CharT, bool _International = false>
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY moneypunct
    : public locale::facet,
      public money_base
{
public:
    typedef _CharT                  char_type;
    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit moneypunct(size_t __refs = 0)
        : locale::facet(__refs) {}

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE char_type   decimal_point() const {return do_decimal_point();}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE char_type   thousands_sep() const {return do_thousands_sep();}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE string      grouping()      const {return do_grouping();}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE string_type curr_symbol()   const {return do_curr_symbol();}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE string_type positive_sign() const {return do_positive_sign();}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE string_type negative_sign() const {return do_negative_sign();}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE int         frac_digits()   const {return do_frac_digits();}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE pattern     pos_format()    const {return do_pos_format();}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE pattern     neg_format()    const {return do_neg_format();}

    static locale::id id;
    static const bool intl = _International;

protected:
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    ~moneypunct() {}

    virtual char_type   do_decimal_point() const {return numeric_limits<char_type>::max();}
    virtual char_type   do_thousands_sep() const {return numeric_limits<char_type>::max();}
    virtual string      do_grouping()      const {return string();}
    virtual string_type do_curr_symbol()   const {return string_type();}
    virtual string_type do_positive_sign() const {return string_type();}
    virtual string_type do_negative_sign() const {return string_type(1, '-');}
    virtual int         do_frac_digits()   const {return 0;}
    virtual pattern     do_pos_format()    const
        {pattern __p = {{symbol, sign, none, value}}; return __p;}
    virtual pattern     do_neg_format()    const
        {pattern __p = {{symbol, sign, none, value}}; return __p;}
};

template <class _CharT, bool _International>
locale::id
moneypunct<_CharT, _International>::id;

template <class _CharT, bool _International>
const bool
moneypunct<_CharT, _International>::intl;

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS moneypunct<char, false>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS moneypunct<char, true>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS moneypunct<wchar_t, false>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS moneypunct<wchar_t, true>)

// moneypunct_byname

template <class _CharT, bool _International = false>
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY moneypunct_byname
    : public moneypunct<_CharT, _International>
{
public:
    typedef money_base::pattern  pattern;
    typedef _CharT                  char_type;
    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit moneypunct_byname(const char* __nm, size_t __refs = 0)
        : moneypunct<_CharT, _International>(__refs) {init(__nm);}

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit moneypunct_byname(const string& __nm, size_t __refs = 0)
        : moneypunct<_CharT, _International>(__refs) {init(__nm.c_str());}

protected:
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    ~moneypunct_byname() {}

    virtual char_type   do_decimal_point() const {return __decimal_point_;}
    virtual char_type   do_thousands_sep() const {return __thousands_sep_;}
    virtual string      do_grouping()      const {return __grouping_;}
    virtual string_type do_curr_symbol()   const {return __curr_symbol_;}
    virtual string_type do_positive_sign() const {return __positive_sign_;}
    virtual string_type do_negative_sign() const {return __negative_sign_;}
    virtual int         do_frac_digits()   const {return __frac_digits_;}
    virtual pattern     do_pos_format()    const {return __pos_format_;}
    virtual pattern     do_neg_format()    const {return __neg_format_;}

private:
    char_type   __decimal_point_;
    char_type   __thousands_sep_;
    string      __grouping_;
    string_type __curr_symbol_;
    string_type __positive_sign_;
    string_type __negative_sign_;
    int         __frac_digits_;
    pattern     __pos_format_;
    pattern     __neg_format_;

    void init(const char*);
};

template<> void moneypunct_byname<char, false>::init(const char*);
template<> void moneypunct_byname<char, true>::init(const char*);
template<> void moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>::init(const char*);
template<> void moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>::init(const char*);

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS moneypunct_byname<char, false>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS moneypunct_byname<char, true>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>)

// money_get

template <class _CharT>
class __money_get
{
protected:
    typedef _CharT                  char_type;
    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE __money_get() {}

    static void __gather_info(bool __intl, const locale& __loc,
                              money_base::pattern& __pat, char_type& __dp,
                              char_type& __ts, string& __grp,
                              string_type& __sym, string_type& __psn,
                              string_type& __nsn, int& __fd);
};

template <class _CharT>
void
__money_get<_CharT>::__gather_info(bool __intl, const locale& __loc,
                                   money_base::pattern& __pat, char_type& __dp,
                                   char_type& __ts, string& __grp,
                                   string_type& __sym, string_type& __psn,
                                   string_type& __nsn, int& __fd)
{
    if (__intl)
    {
        const moneypunct<char_type, true>& __mp =
            use_facet<moneypunct<char_type, true> >(__loc);
        __pat = __mp.neg_format();
        __nsn = __mp.negative_sign();
        __psn = __mp.positive_sign();
        __dp = __mp.decimal_point();
        __ts = __mp.thousands_sep();
        __grp = __mp.grouping();
        __sym = __mp.curr_symbol();
        __fd = __mp.frac_digits();
    }
    else
    {
        const moneypunct<char_type, false>& __mp =
            use_facet<moneypunct<char_type, false> >(__loc);
        __pat = __mp.neg_format();
        __nsn = __mp.negative_sign();
        __psn = __mp.positive_sign();
        __dp = __mp.decimal_point();
        __ts = __mp.thousands_sep();
        __grp = __mp.grouping();
        __sym = __mp.curr_symbol();
        __fd = __mp.frac_digits();
    }
}

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __money_get<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __money_get<wchar_t>)

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator = istreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY money_get
    : public locale::facet,
      private __money_get<_CharT>
{
public:
    typedef _CharT                  char_type;
    typedef _InputIterator          iter_type;
    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit money_get(size_t __refs = 0)
        : locale::facet(__refs) {}

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, bool __intl, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, long double& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __intl, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, bool __intl, ios_base& __iob,
                  ios_base::iostate& __err, string_type& __v) const
    {
        return do_get(__b, __e, __intl, __iob, __err, __v);
    }

    static locale::id id;

protected:

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    ~money_get() {}

    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, bool __intl,
                             ios_base& __iob, ios_base::iostate& __err,
                             long double& __v) const;
    virtual iter_type do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e, bool __intl,
                             ios_base& __iob, ios_base::iostate& __err,
                             string_type& __v) const;

private:
    static bool __do_get(iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                         bool __intl, const locale& __loc,
                         ios_base::fmtflags __flags, ios_base::iostate& __err,
                         bool& __neg, const ctype<char_type>& __ct,
                         unique_ptr<char_type, void(*)(void*)>& __wb,
                         char_type*& __wn, char_type* __we);
};

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
locale::id
money_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::id;

_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __do_nothing(void*);

template <class _Tp>
_LIBCPP_HIDDEN
void
__double_or_nothing(unique_ptr<_Tp, void(*)(void*)>& __b, _Tp*& __n, _Tp*& __e)
{
    bool __owns = __b.get_deleter() != __do_nothing;
    size_t __cur_cap = static_cast<size_t>(__e-__b.get()) * sizeof(_Tp);
    size_t __new_cap = __cur_cap < numeric_limits<size_t>::max() / 2 ?
                       2 * __cur_cap : numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
    size_t __n_off = static_cast<size_t>(__n - __b.get());
    _Tp* __t = (_Tp*)realloc(__owns ? __b.get() : 0, __new_cap);
    if (__t == 0)
        __throw_bad_alloc();
    if (__owns)
        __b.release();
    __b = unique_ptr<_Tp, void(*)(void*)>(__t, free);
    __new_cap /= sizeof(_Tp);
    __n = __b.get() + __n_off;
    __e = __b.get() + __new_cap;
}

// true == success
template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
bool
money_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::__do_get(iter_type& __b, iter_type __e,
                                            bool __intl, const locale& __loc,
                                            ios_base::fmtflags __flags,
                                            ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                            bool& __neg,
                                            const ctype<char_type>& __ct,
                                            unique_ptr<char_type, void(*)(void*)>& __wb,
                                            char_type*& __wn, char_type* __we)
{
    const unsigned __bz = 100;
    unsigned __gbuf[__bz];
    unique_ptr<unsigned, void(*)(void*)> __gb(__gbuf, __do_nothing);
    unsigned* __gn = __gb.get();
    unsigned* __ge = __gn + __bz;
    money_base::pattern __pat;
    char_type __dp;
    char_type __ts;
    string __grp;
    string_type __sym;
    string_type __psn;
    string_type __nsn;
    // Capture the spaces read into money_base::{space,none} so they
    // can be compared to initial spaces in __sym.
    string_type __spaces;
    int __fd;
    __money_get<_CharT>::__gather_info(__intl, __loc, __pat, __dp, __ts, __grp,
                                       __sym, __psn, __nsn, __fd);
    const string_type* __trailing_sign = 0;
    __wn = __wb.get();
    for (unsigned __p = 0; __p < 4 && __b != __e; ++__p)
    {
        switch (__pat.field[__p])
        {
        case money_base::space:
            if (__p != 3)
            {
                if (__ct.is(ctype_base::space, *__b))
                    __spaces.push_back(*__b++);
                else
                {
                    __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                    return false;
                }
            }
            // drop through
        case money_base::none:
            if (__p != 3)
            {
                while (__b != __e && __ct.is(ctype_base::space, *__b))
                    __spaces.push_back(*__b++);
            }
            break;
        case money_base::sign:
            if (__psn.size() + __nsn.size() > 0)
            {
                if (__psn.size() == 0 || __nsn.size() == 0)
                {   // sign is optional
                    if (__psn.size() > 0)
                    {   // __nsn.size() == 0
                        if (*__b == __psn[0])
                        {
                            ++__b;
                            if (__psn.size() > 1)
                                __trailing_sign = &__psn;
                        }
                        else
                            __neg = true;
                    }
                    else if (*__b == __nsn[0])  // __nsn.size() > 0 &&  __psn.size() == 0
                    {
                        ++__b;
                        __neg = true;
                        if (__nsn.size() > 1)
                            __trailing_sign = &__nsn;
                    }
                }
                else  // sign is required
                {
                    if (*__b == __psn[0])
                    {
                        ++__b;
                        if (__psn.size() > 1)
                            __trailing_sign = &__psn;
                    }
                    else if (*__b == __nsn[0])
                    {
                        ++__b;
                        __neg = true;
                        if (__nsn.size() > 1)
                            __trailing_sign = &__nsn;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        case money_base::symbol:
            {
            bool __more_needed = __trailing_sign ||
                                 (__p < 2)       ||
                                 (__p == 2 && __pat.field[3] != static_cast<char>(money_base::none));
            bool __sb = (__flags & ios_base::showbase) != 0;
            if (__sb || __more_needed)
            {
                typename string_type::const_iterator __sym_space_end = __sym.begin();
                if (__p > 0 && (__pat.field[__p - 1] == money_base::none ||
                                __pat.field[__p - 1] == money_base::space)) {
                    // Match spaces we've already read against spaces at
                    // the beginning of __sym.
                    while (__sym_space_end != __sym.end() &&
                           __ct.is(ctype_base::space, *__sym_space_end))
                        ++__sym_space_end;
                    const size_t __num_spaces = __sym_space_end - __sym.begin();
                    if (__num_spaces > __spaces.size() ||
                        !equal(__spaces.end() - __num_spaces, __spaces.end(),
                               __sym.begin())) {
                        // No match. Put __sym_space_end back at the
                        // beginning of __sym, which will prevent a
                        // match in the next loop.
                        __sym_space_end = __sym.begin();
                    }
                }
                typename string_type::const_iterator __sym_curr_char = __sym_space_end;
                while (__sym_curr_char != __sym.end() && __b != __e &&
                       *__b == *__sym_curr_char) {
                    ++__b;
                    ++__sym_curr_char;
                }
                if (__sb && __sym_curr_char != __sym.end())
                {
                    __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                    return false;
                }
            }
            }
            break;
        case money_base::value:
            {
            unsigned __ng = 0;
            for (; __b != __e; ++__b)
            {
                char_type __c = *__b;
                if (__ct.is(ctype_base::digit, __c))
                {
                    if (__wn == __we)
                        __double_or_nothing(__wb, __wn, __we);
                    *__wn++ = __c;
                    ++__ng;
                }
                else if (__grp.size() > 0 && __ng > 0 && __c == __ts)
                {
                    if (__gn == __ge)
                        __double_or_nothing(__gb, __gn, __ge);
                    *__gn++ = __ng;
                    __ng = 0;
                }
                else
                    break;
            }
            if (__gb.get() != __gn && __ng > 0)
            {
                if (__gn == __ge)
                    __double_or_nothing(__gb, __gn, __ge);
                *__gn++ = __ng;
            }
            if (__fd > 0)
            {
                if (__b == __e || *__b != __dp)
                {
                    __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                    return false;
                }
                for (++__b; __fd > 0; --__fd, ++__b)
                {
                    if (__b == __e || !__ct.is(ctype_base::digit, *__b))
                    {
                        __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (__wn == __we)
                        __double_or_nothing(__wb, __wn, __we);
                    *__wn++ = *__b;
                }
            }
            if (__wn == __wb.get())
            {
                __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                return false;
            }
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    if (__trailing_sign)
    {
        for (unsigned __i = 1; __i < __trailing_sign->size(); ++__i, ++__b)
        {
            if (__b == __e || *__b != (*__trailing_sign)[__i])
            {
                __err |= ios_base::failbit;
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    if (__gb.get() != __gn)
    {
        ios_base::iostate __et = ios_base::goodbit;
        __check_grouping(__grp, __gb.get(), __gn, __et);
        if (__et)
        {
            __err |= ios_base::failbit;
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
money_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                          bool __intl, ios_base& __iob,
                                          ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                          long double& __v) const
{
    const int __bz = 100;
    char_type __wbuf[__bz];
    unique_ptr<char_type, void(*)(void*)> __wb(__wbuf, __do_nothing);
    char_type* __wn;
    char_type* __we = __wbuf + __bz;
    locale __loc = __iob.getloc();
    const ctype<char_type>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(__loc);
    bool __neg = false;
    if (__do_get(__b, __e, __intl, __loc, __iob.flags(), __err, __neg, __ct,
                 __wb, __wn, __we))
    {
        const char __src[] = "0123456789";
        char_type __atoms[sizeof(__src)-1];
        __ct.widen(__src, __src + (sizeof(__src)-1), __atoms);
        char __nbuf[__bz];
        char* __nc = __nbuf;
        unique_ptr<char, void(*)(void*)> __h(0, free);
        if (__wn - __wb.get() > __bz-2)
        {
            __h.reset((char*)malloc(static_cast<size_t>(__wn - __wb.get() + 2)));
            if (__h.get() == 0)
                __throw_bad_alloc();
            __nc = __h.get();
        }
        if (__neg)
            *__nc++ = '-';
        for (const char_type* __w = __wb.get(); __w < __wn; ++__w, ++__nc)
            *__nc = __src[find(__atoms, _VSTD::end(__atoms), *__w) - __atoms];
        *__nc = char();
        if (sscanf(__nbuf, "%Lf", &__v) != 1)
            __throw_runtime_error("money_get error");
    }
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    return __b;
}

template <class _CharT, class _InputIterator>
_InputIterator
money_get<_CharT, _InputIterator>::do_get(iter_type __b, iter_type __e,
                                          bool __intl, ios_base& __iob,
                                          ios_base::iostate& __err,
                                          string_type& __v) const
{
    const int __bz = 100;
    char_type __wbuf[__bz];
    unique_ptr<char_type, void(*)(void*)> __wb(__wbuf, __do_nothing);
    char_type* __wn;
    char_type* __we = __wbuf + __bz;
    locale __loc = __iob.getloc();
    const ctype<char_type>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(__loc);
    bool __neg = false;
    if (__do_get(__b, __e, __intl, __loc, __iob.flags(), __err, __neg, __ct,
                 __wb, __wn, __we))
    {
        __v.clear();
        if (__neg)
            __v.push_back(__ct.widen('-'));
        char_type __z = __ct.widen('0');
        char_type* __w;
        for (__w = __wb.get(); __w < __wn-1; ++__w)
            if (*__w != __z)
                break;
        __v.append(__w, __wn);
    }
    if (__b == __e)
        __err |= ios_base::eofbit;
    return __b;
}

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS money_get<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS money_get<wchar_t>)

// money_put

template <class _CharT>
class __money_put
{
protected:
    typedef _CharT                  char_type;
    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE __money_put() {}

    static void __gather_info(bool __intl, bool __neg, const locale& __loc,
                              money_base::pattern& __pat, char_type& __dp,
                              char_type& __ts, string& __grp,
                              string_type& __sym, string_type& __sn,
                              int& __fd);
    static void __format(char_type* __mb, char_type*& __mi, char_type*& __me,
                         ios_base::fmtflags __flags,
                         const char_type* __db, const char_type* __de,
                         const ctype<char_type>& __ct, bool __neg,
                         const money_base::pattern& __pat, char_type __dp,
                         char_type __ts, const string& __grp,
                         const string_type& __sym, const string_type& __sn,
                         int __fd);
};

template <class _CharT>
void
__money_put<_CharT>::__gather_info(bool __intl, bool __neg, const locale& __loc,
                                   money_base::pattern& __pat, char_type& __dp,
                                   char_type& __ts, string& __grp,
                                   string_type& __sym, string_type& __sn,
                                   int& __fd)
{
    if (__intl)
    {
        const moneypunct<char_type, true>& __mp =
            use_facet<moneypunct<char_type, true> >(__loc);
        if (__neg)
        {
            __pat = __mp.neg_format();
            __sn = __mp.negative_sign();
        }
        else
        {
            __pat = __mp.pos_format();
            __sn = __mp.positive_sign();
        }
        __dp = __mp.decimal_point();
        __ts = __mp.thousands_sep();
        __grp = __mp.grouping();
        __sym = __mp.curr_symbol();
        __fd = __mp.frac_digits();
    }
    else
    {
        const moneypunct<char_type, false>& __mp =
            use_facet<moneypunct<char_type, false> >(__loc);
        if (__neg)
        {
            __pat = __mp.neg_format();
            __sn = __mp.negative_sign();
        }
        else
        {
            __pat = __mp.pos_format();
            __sn = __mp.positive_sign();
        }
        __dp = __mp.decimal_point();
        __ts = __mp.thousands_sep();
        __grp = __mp.grouping();
        __sym = __mp.curr_symbol();
        __fd = __mp.frac_digits();
    }
}

template <class _CharT>
void
__money_put<_CharT>::__format(char_type* __mb, char_type*& __mi, char_type*& __me,
                              ios_base::fmtflags __flags,
                              const char_type* __db, const char_type* __de,
                              const ctype<char_type>& __ct, bool __neg,
                              const money_base::pattern& __pat, char_type __dp,
                              char_type __ts, const string& __grp,
                              const string_type& __sym, const string_type& __sn,
                              int __fd)
{
    __me = __mb;
    for (unsigned __p = 0; __p < 4; ++__p)
    {
        switch (__pat.field[__p])
        {
        case money_base::none:
            __mi = __me;
            break;
        case money_base::space:
            __mi = __me;
            *__me++ = __ct.widen(' ');
            break;
        case money_base::sign:
            if (!__sn.empty())
                *__me++ = __sn[0];
            break;
        case money_base::symbol:
            if (!__sym.empty() && (__flags & ios_base::showbase))
                __me = _VSTD::copy(__sym.begin(), __sym.end(), __me);
            break;
        case money_base::value:
            {
            // remember start of value so we can reverse it
            char_type* __t = __me;
            // find beginning of digits
            if (__neg)
                ++__db;
            // find end of digits
            const char_type* __d;
            for (__d = __db; __d < __de; ++__d)
                if (!__ct.is(ctype_base::digit, *__d))
                    break;
            // print fractional part
            if (__fd > 0)
            {
                int __f;
                for (__f = __fd; __d > __db && __f > 0; --__f)
                    *__me++ = *--__d;
                char_type __z = __f > 0 ? __ct.widen('0') : char_type();
                for (; __f > 0; --__f)
                    *__me++ = __z;
                *__me++ = __dp;
            }
            // print units part
            if (__d == __db)
            {
                *__me++ = __ct.widen('0');
            }
            else
            {
                unsigned __ng = 0;
                unsigned __ig = 0;
                unsigned __gl = __grp.empty() ? numeric_limits<unsigned>::max()
                                              : static_cast<unsigned>(__grp[__ig]);
                while (__d != __db)
                {
                    if (__ng == __gl)
                    {
                        *__me++ = __ts;
                        __ng = 0;
                        if (++__ig < __grp.size())
                            __gl = __grp[__ig] == numeric_limits<char>::max() ?
                                        numeric_limits<unsigned>::max() :
                                        static_cast<unsigned>(__grp[__ig]);
                    }
                    *__me++ = *--__d;
                    ++__ng;
                }
            }
            // reverse it
            reverse(__t, __me);
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    // print rest of sign, if any
    if (__sn.size() > 1)
        __me = _VSTD::copy(__sn.begin()+1, __sn.end(), __me);
    // set alignment
    if ((__flags & ios_base::adjustfield) == ios_base::left)
        __mi = __me;
    else if ((__flags & ios_base::adjustfield) != ios_base::internal)
        __mi = __mb;
}

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __money_put<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __money_put<wchar_t>)

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator = ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT> >
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY money_put
    : public locale::facet,
      private __money_put<_CharT>
{
public:
    typedef _CharT                  char_type;
    typedef _OutputIterator         iter_type;
    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit money_put(size_t __refs = 0)
        : locale::facet(__refs) {}

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type put(iter_type __s, bool __intl, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                  long double __units) const
    {
        return do_put(__s, __intl, __iob, __fl, __units);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    iter_type put(iter_type __s, bool __intl, ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                  const string_type& __digits) const
    {
        return do_put(__s, __intl, __iob, __fl, __digits);
    }

    static locale::id id;

protected:
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    ~money_put() {}

    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type __s, bool __intl, ios_base& __iob,
                             char_type __fl, long double __units) const;
    virtual iter_type do_put(iter_type __s, bool __intl, ios_base& __iob,
                             char_type __fl, const string_type& __digits) const;
};

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
locale::id
money_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::id;

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_OutputIterator
money_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::do_put(iter_type __s, bool __intl,
                                           ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                                           long double __units) const
{
    // convert to char
    const size_t __bs = 100;
    char __buf[__bs];
    char* __bb = __buf;
    char_type __digits[__bs];
    char_type* __db = __digits;
    size_t __n = static_cast<size_t>(snprintf(__bb, __bs, "%.0Lf", __units));
    unique_ptr<char, void(*)(void*)> __hn(0, free);
    unique_ptr<char_type, void(*)(void*)> __hd(0, free);
    // secure memory for digit storage
    if (__n > __bs-1)
    {
#ifdef _LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS
        __n = static_cast<size_t>(asprintf_l(&__bb, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE, "%.0Lf", __units));
#else
        __n = __asprintf_l(&__bb, __cloc(), "%.0Lf", __units);
#endif
        if (__bb == 0)
            __throw_bad_alloc();
        __hn.reset(__bb);
        __hd.reset((char_type*)malloc(__n * sizeof(char_type)));
        if (__hd == nullptr)
            __throw_bad_alloc();
        __db = __hd.get();
    }
    // gather info
    locale __loc = __iob.getloc();
    const ctype<char_type>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(__loc);
    __ct.widen(__bb, __bb + __n, __db);
    bool __neg = __n > 0 && __bb[0] == '-';
    money_base::pattern __pat;
    char_type __dp;
    char_type __ts;
    string __grp;
    string_type __sym;
    string_type __sn;
    int __fd;
    this->__gather_info(__intl, __neg, __loc, __pat, __dp, __ts, __grp, __sym, __sn, __fd);
    // secure memory for formatting
    char_type __mbuf[__bs];
    char_type* __mb = __mbuf;
    unique_ptr<char_type, void(*)(void*)> __hw(0, free);
    size_t __exn = static_cast<int>(__n) > __fd ?
                   (__n - static_cast<size_t>(__fd)) * 2 + __sn.size() +
                    __sym.size() + static_cast<size_t>(__fd) + 1
                 : __sn.size() + __sym.size() + static_cast<size_t>(__fd) + 2;
    if (__exn > __bs)
    {
        __hw.reset((char_type*)malloc(__exn * sizeof(char_type)));
        __mb = __hw.get();
        if (__mb == 0)
            __throw_bad_alloc();
    }
    // format
    char_type* __mi;
    char_type* __me;
    this->__format(__mb, __mi, __me, __iob.flags(),
                   __db, __db + __n, __ct,
                   __neg, __pat, __dp, __ts, __grp, __sym, __sn, __fd);
    return __pad_and_output(__s, __mb, __mi, __me, __iob, __fl);
}

template <class _CharT, class _OutputIterator>
_OutputIterator
money_put<_CharT, _OutputIterator>::do_put(iter_type __s, bool __intl,
                                           ios_base& __iob, char_type __fl,
                                           const string_type& __digits) const
{
    // gather info
    locale __loc = __iob.getloc();
    const ctype<char_type>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(__loc);
    bool __neg = __digits.size() > 0 && __digits[0] == __ct.widen('-');
    money_base::pattern __pat;
    char_type __dp;
    char_type __ts;
    string __grp;
    string_type __sym;
    string_type __sn;
    int __fd;
    this->__gather_info(__intl, __neg, __loc, __pat, __dp, __ts, __grp, __sym, __sn, __fd);
    // secure memory for formatting
    char_type __mbuf[100];
    char_type* __mb = __mbuf;
    unique_ptr<char_type, void(*)(void*)> __h(0, free);
    size_t __exn = static_cast<int>(__digits.size()) > __fd ?
                   (__digits.size() - static_cast<size_t>(__fd)) * 2 +
                    __sn.size() + __sym.size() + static_cast<size_t>(__fd) + 1
                 : __sn.size() + __sym.size() + static_cast<size_t>(__fd) + 2;
    if (__exn > 100)
    {
        __h.reset((char_type*)malloc(__exn * sizeof(char_type)));
        __mb = __h.get();
        if (__mb == 0)
            __throw_bad_alloc();
    }
    // format
    char_type* __mi;
    char_type* __me;
    this->__format(__mb, __mi, __me, __iob.flags(),
                   __digits.data(), __digits.data() + __digits.size(), __ct,
                   __neg, __pat, __dp, __ts, __grp, __sym, __sn, __fd);
    return __pad_and_output(__s, __mb, __mi, __me, __iob, __fl);
}

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS money_put<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS money_put<wchar_t>)

// messages

class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS messages_base
{
public:
    typedef ptrdiff_t catalog;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE messages_base() {}
};

template <class _CharT>
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY messages
    : public locale::facet,
      public messages_base
{
public:
    typedef _CharT               char_type;
    typedef basic_string<_CharT> string_type;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit messages(size_t __refs = 0)
        : locale::facet(__refs) {}

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    catalog open(const basic_string<char>& __nm, const locale& __loc) const
    {
        return do_open(__nm, __loc);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    string_type get(catalog __c, int __set, int __msgid,
                    const string_type& __dflt) const
    {
        return do_get(__c, __set, __msgid, __dflt);
    }

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    void close(catalog __c) const
    {
        do_close(__c);
    }

    static locale::id id;

protected:
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    ~messages() {}

    virtual catalog do_open(const basic_string<char>&, const locale&) const;
    virtual string_type do_get(catalog, int __set, int __msgid,
                               const string_type& __dflt) const;
    virtual void do_close(catalog) const;
};

template <class _CharT>
locale::id
messages<_CharT>::id;

template <class _CharT>
typename messages<_CharT>::catalog
messages<_CharT>::do_open(const basic_string<char>& __nm, const locale&) const
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    return -1;
#else // _WIN32
    catalog __cat = (catalog)catopen(__nm.c_str(), NL_CAT_LOCALE);
    if (__cat != -1)
        __cat = static_cast<catalog>((static_cast<size_t>(__cat) >> 1));
    return __cat;
#endif // _WIN32
}

template <class _CharT>
typename messages<_CharT>::string_type
messages<_CharT>::do_get(catalog __c, int __set, int __msgid,
                         const string_type& __dflt) const
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    return __dflt;
#else // _WIN32
    string __ndflt;
    __narrow_to_utf8<sizeof(char_type)*__CHAR_BIT__>()(back_inserter(__ndflt),
                                                       __dflt.c_str(),
                                                       __dflt.c_str() + __dflt.size());
    if (__c != -1)
        __c <<= 1;
    nl_catd __cat = (nl_catd)__c;
    char* __n = catgets(__cat, __set, __msgid, __ndflt.c_str());
    string_type __w;
    __widen_from_utf8<sizeof(char_type)*__CHAR_BIT__>()(back_inserter(__w),
                                                        __n, __n + strlen(__n));
    return __w;
#endif // _WIN32
}

template <class _CharT>
void
messages<_CharT>::do_close(catalog __c) const
{
#if !defined(_WIN32)
    if (__c != -1)
        __c <<= 1;
    nl_catd __cat = (nl_catd)__c;
    catclose(__cat);
#endif // !_WIN32
}

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS messages<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS messages<wchar_t>)

template <class _CharT>
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY messages_byname
    : public messages<_CharT>
{
public:
    typedef messages_base::catalog catalog;
    typedef basic_string<_CharT> string_type;

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit messages_byname(const char*, size_t __refs = 0)
        : messages<_CharT>(__refs) {}

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    explicit messages_byname(const string&, size_t __refs = 0)
        : messages<_CharT>(__refs) {}

protected:
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    ~messages_byname() {}
};

_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS messages_byname<char>)
_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE2(class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS messages_byname<wchar_t>)

template<class _Codecvt, class _Elem = wchar_t,
         class _Wide_alloc = allocator<_Elem>,
         class _Byte_alloc = allocator<char> >
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY wstring_convert
{
public:
    typedef basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, _Byte_alloc>   byte_string;
    typedef basic_string<_Elem, char_traits<_Elem>, _Wide_alloc> wide_string;
    typedef typename _Codecvt::state_type                        state_type;
    typedef typename wide_string::traits_type::int_type          int_type;

private:
    byte_string __byte_err_string_;
    wide_string __wide_err_string_;
    _Codecvt* __cvtptr_;
    state_type __cvtstate_;
    size_t __cvtcount_;

    wstring_convert(const wstring_convert& __wc);
    wstring_convert& operator=(const wstring_convert& __wc);
public:
    _LIBCPP_EXPLICIT_AFTER_CXX11 wstring_convert(_Codecvt* __pcvt = new _Codecvt);
    wstring_convert(_Codecvt* __pcvt, state_type __state);
    _LIBCPP_EXPLICIT_AFTER_CXX11 wstring_convert(const byte_string& __byte_err,
                    const wide_string& __wide_err = wide_string());
#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES
    wstring_convert(wstring_convert&& __wc);
#endif
    ~wstring_convert();

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    wide_string from_bytes(char __byte)
        {return from_bytes(&__byte, &__byte+1);}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    wide_string from_bytes(const char* __ptr)
        {return from_bytes(__ptr, __ptr + char_traits<char>::length(__ptr));}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    wide_string from_bytes(const byte_string& __str)
        {return from_bytes(__str.data(), __str.data() + __str.size());}
    wide_string from_bytes(const char* __first, const char* __last);

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    byte_string to_bytes(_Elem __wchar)
        {return to_bytes(&__wchar, &__wchar+1);}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    byte_string to_bytes(const _Elem* __wptr)
        {return to_bytes(__wptr, __wptr + char_traits<_Elem>::length(__wptr));}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    byte_string to_bytes(const wide_string& __wstr)
        {return to_bytes(__wstr.data(), __wstr.data() + __wstr.size());}
    byte_string to_bytes(const _Elem* __first, const _Elem* __last);

    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    size_t converted() const _NOEXCEPT {return __cvtcount_;}
    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
    state_type state() const {return __cvtstate_;}
};

template<class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Wide_alloc, class _Byte_alloc>
inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
wstring_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Wide_alloc, _Byte_alloc>::
    wstring_convert(_Codecvt* __pcvt)
        : __cvtptr_(__pcvt), __cvtstate_(), __cvtcount_(0)
{
}

template<class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Wide_alloc, class _Byte_alloc>
inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
wstring_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Wide_alloc, _Byte_alloc>::
    wstring_convert(_Codecvt* __pcvt, state_type __state)
        : __cvtptr_(__pcvt), __cvtstate_(__state), __cvtcount_(0)
{
}

template<class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Wide_alloc, class _Byte_alloc>
wstring_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Wide_alloc, _Byte_alloc>::
    wstring_convert(const byte_string& __byte_err, const wide_string& __wide_err)
        : __byte_err_string_(__byte_err), __wide_err_string_(__wide_err),
          __cvtstate_(), __cvtcount_(0)
{
    __cvtptr_ = new _Codecvt;
}

#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES

template<class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Wide_alloc, class _Byte_alloc>
inline _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
wstring_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Wide_alloc, _Byte_alloc>::
    wstring_convert(wstring_convert&& __wc)
        : __byte_err_string_(_VSTD::move(__wc.__byte_err_string_)),
          __wide_err_string_(_VSTD::move(__wc.__wide_err_string_)),
          __cvtptr_(__wc.__cvtptr_),
          __cvtstate_(__wc.__cvtstate_), __cvtcount_(__wc.__cvtstate_)
{
    __wc.__cvtptr_ = nullptr;
}

#endif  // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RVALUE_REFERENCES

template<class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Wide_alloc, class _Byte_alloc>
wstring_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Wide_alloc, _Byte_alloc>::~wstring_convert()
{
    delete __cvtptr_;
}

template<class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Wide_alloc, class _Byte_alloc>
typename wstring_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Wide_alloc, _Byte_alloc>::wide_string
wstring_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Wide_alloc, _Byte_alloc>::
    from_bytes(const char* __frm, const char* __frm_end)
{
    __cvtcount_ = 0;
    if (__cvtptr_ != nullptr)
    {
        wide_string __ws(2*(__frm_end - __frm), _Elem());
        if (__frm != __frm_end)
            __ws.resize(__ws.capacity());
        codecvt_base::result __r = codecvt_base::ok;
        state_type __st = __cvtstate_;
        if (__frm != __frm_end)
        {
            _Elem* __to = &__ws[0];
            _Elem* __to_end = __to + __ws.size();
            const char* __frm_nxt;
            do
            {
                _Elem* __to_nxt;
                __r = __cvtptr_->in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt,
                                          __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
                __cvtcount_ += __frm_nxt - __frm;
                if (__frm_nxt == __frm)
                {
                    __r = codecvt_base::error;
                }
                else if (__r == codecvt_base::noconv)
                {
                    __ws.resize(__to - &__ws[0]);
                    // This only gets executed if _Elem is char
                    __ws.append((const _Elem*)__frm, (const _Elem*)__frm_end);
                    __frm = __frm_nxt;
                    __r = codecvt_base::ok;
                }
                else if (__r == codecvt_base::ok)
                {
                    __ws.resize(__to_nxt - &__ws[0]);
                    __frm = __frm_nxt;
                }
                else if (__r == codecvt_base::partial)
                {
                    ptrdiff_t __s = __to_nxt - &__ws[0];
                    __ws.resize(2 * __s);
                    __to = &__ws[0] + __s;
                    __to_end = &__ws[0] + __ws.size();
                    __frm = __frm_nxt;
                }
            } while (__r == codecvt_base::partial && __frm_nxt < __frm_end);
        }
        if (__r == codecvt_base::ok)
            return __ws;
    }
#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
    if (__wide_err_string_.empty())
        throw range_error("wstring_convert: from_bytes error");
#endif  // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
    return __wide_err_string_;
}

template<class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Wide_alloc, class _Byte_alloc>
typename wstring_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Wide_alloc, _Byte_alloc>::byte_string
wstring_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Wide_alloc, _Byte_alloc>::
    to_bytes(const _Elem* __frm, const _Elem* __frm_end)
{
    __cvtcount_ = 0;
    if (__cvtptr_ != nullptr)
    {
        byte_string __bs(2*(__frm_end - __frm), char());
        if (__frm != __frm_end)
            __bs.resize(__bs.capacity());
        codecvt_base::result __r = codecvt_base::ok;
        state_type __st = __cvtstate_;
        if (__frm != __frm_end)
        {
            char* __to = &__bs[0];
            char* __to_end = __to + __bs.size();
            const _Elem* __frm_nxt;
            do
            {
                char* __to_nxt;
                __r = __cvtptr_->out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt,
                                           __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
                __cvtcount_ += __frm_nxt - __frm;
                if (__frm_nxt == __frm)
                {
                    __r = codecvt_base::error;
                }
                else if (__r == codecvt_base::noconv)
                {
                    __bs.resize(__to - &__bs[0]);
                    // This only gets executed if _Elem is char
                    __bs.append((const char*)__frm, (const char*)__frm_end);
                    __frm = __frm_nxt;
                    __r = codecvt_base::ok;
                }
                else if (__r == codecvt_base::ok)
                {
                    __bs.resize(__to_nxt - &__bs[0]);
                    __frm = __frm_nxt;
                }
                else if (__r == codecvt_base::partial)
                {
                    ptrdiff_t __s = __to_nxt - &__bs[0];
                    __bs.resize(2 * __s);
                    __to = &__bs[0] + __s;
                    __to_end = &__bs[0] + __bs.size();
                    __frm = __frm_nxt;
                }
            } while (__r == codecvt_base::partial && __frm_nxt < __frm_end);
        }
        if (__r == codecvt_base::ok)
        {
            size_t __s = __bs.size();
            __bs.resize(__bs.capacity());
            char* __to = &__bs[0] + __s;
            char* __to_end = __to + __bs.size();
            do
            {
                char* __to_nxt;
                __r = __cvtptr_->unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
                if (__r == codecvt_base::noconv)
                {
                    __bs.resize(__to - &__bs[0]);
                    __r = codecvt_base::ok;
                }
                else if (__r == codecvt_base::ok)
                {
                    __bs.resize(__to_nxt - &__bs[0]);
                }
                else if (__r == codecvt_base::partial)
                {
                    ptrdiff_t __sp = __to_nxt - &__bs[0];
                    __bs.resize(2 * __sp);
                    __to = &__bs[0] + __sp;
                    __to_end = &__bs[0] + __bs.size();
                }
            } while (__r == codecvt_base::partial);
            if (__r == codecvt_base::ok)
                return __bs;
        }
    }
#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
    if (__byte_err_string_.empty())
        throw range_error("wstring_convert: to_bytes error");
#endif  // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
    return __byte_err_string_;
}

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem = wchar_t, class _Tr = char_traits<_Elem> >
class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY wbuffer_convert
    : public basic_streambuf<_Elem, _Tr>
{
public:
    // types:
    typedef _Elem                          char_type;
    typedef _Tr                            traits_type;
    typedef typename traits_type::int_type int_type;
    typedef typename traits_type::pos_type pos_type;
    typedef typename traits_type::off_type off_type;
    typedef typename _Codecvt::state_type  state_type;

private:
    char*       __extbuf_;
    const char* __extbufnext_;
    const char* __extbufend_;
    char __extbuf_min_[8];
    size_t __ebs_;
    char_type* __intbuf_;
    size_t __ibs_;
    streambuf* __bufptr_;
    _Codecvt* __cv_;
    state_type __st_;
    ios_base::openmode __cm_;
    bool __owns_eb_;
    bool __owns_ib_;
    bool __always_noconv_;

    wbuffer_convert(const wbuffer_convert&);
    wbuffer_convert& operator=(const wbuffer_convert&);
public:
    _LIBCPP_EXPLICIT_AFTER_CXX11 wbuffer_convert(streambuf* __bytebuf = 0, 
            _Codecvt* __pcvt = new _Codecvt, state_type __state = state_type());
    ~wbuffer_convert();

    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    streambuf* rdbuf() const {return __bufptr_;}
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    streambuf* rdbuf(streambuf* __bytebuf)
    {
        streambuf* __r = __bufptr_;
        __bufptr_ = __bytebuf;
        return __r;
    }

    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    state_type state() const {return __st_;}

protected:
    virtual int_type underflow();
    virtual int_type pbackfail(int_type __c = traits_type::eof());
    virtual int_type overflow (int_type __c = traits_type::eof());
    virtual basic_streambuf<char_type, traits_type>* setbuf(char_type* __s,
                                                            streamsize __n);
    virtual pos_type seekoff(off_type __off, ios_base::seekdir __way,
                             ios_base::openmode __wch = ios_base::in | ios_base::out);
    virtual pos_type seekpos(pos_type __sp,
                             ios_base::openmode __wch = ios_base::in | ios_base::out);
    virtual int sync();

private:
    bool __read_mode();
    void __write_mode();
    wbuffer_convert* __close();
};

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Tr>
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::
    wbuffer_convert(streambuf* __bytebuf, _Codecvt* __pcvt, state_type __state)
    : __extbuf_(0),
      __extbufnext_(0),
      __extbufend_(0),
      __ebs_(0),
      __intbuf_(0),
      __ibs_(0),
      __bufptr_(__bytebuf),
      __cv_(__pcvt),
      __st_(__state),
      __cm_(0),
      __owns_eb_(false),
      __owns_ib_(false),
      __always_noconv_(__cv_ ? __cv_->always_noconv() : false)
{
    setbuf(0, 4096);
}

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Tr>
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::~wbuffer_convert()
{
    __close();
    delete __cv_;
    if (__owns_eb_)
        delete [] __extbuf_;
    if (__owns_ib_)
        delete [] __intbuf_;
}

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Tr>
typename wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::int_type
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::underflow()
{
    if (__cv_ == 0 || __bufptr_ == 0)
        return traits_type::eof();
    bool __initial = __read_mode();
    char_type __1buf;
    if (this->gptr() == 0)
        this->setg(&__1buf, &__1buf+1, &__1buf+1);
    const size_t __unget_sz = __initial ? 0 : min<size_t>((this->egptr() - this->eback()) / 2, 4);
    int_type __c = traits_type::eof();
    if (this->gptr() == this->egptr())
    {
        memmove(this->eback(), this->egptr() - __unget_sz, __unget_sz * sizeof(char_type));
        if (__always_noconv_)
        {
            streamsize __nmemb = static_cast<streamsize>(this->egptr() - this->eback() - __unget_sz);
            __nmemb = __bufptr_->sgetn((char*)this->eback() + __unget_sz, __nmemb);
            if (__nmemb != 0)
            {
                this->setg(this->eback(),
                           this->eback() + __unget_sz,
                           this->eback() + __unget_sz + __nmemb);
                __c = *this->gptr();
            }
        }
        else
        {
            memmove(__extbuf_, __extbufnext_, __extbufend_ - __extbufnext_);
            __extbufnext_ = __extbuf_ + (__extbufend_ - __extbufnext_);
            __extbufend_ = __extbuf_ + (__extbuf_ == __extbuf_min_ ? sizeof(__extbuf_min_) : __ebs_);
            streamsize __nmemb = _VSTD::min(static_cast<streamsize>(this->egptr() - this->eback() - __unget_sz),
                                 static_cast<streamsize>(__extbufend_ - __extbufnext_));
            codecvt_base::result __r;
            state_type __svs = __st_;
            streamsize __nr = __bufptr_->sgetn(const_cast<char*>(__extbufnext_), __nmemb);
            if (__nr != 0)
            {
                __extbufend_ = __extbufnext_ + __nr;
                char_type*  __inext;
                __r = __cv_->in(__st_, __extbuf_, __extbufend_, __extbufnext_,
                                       this->eback() + __unget_sz,
                                       this->egptr(), __inext);
                if (__r == codecvt_base::noconv)
                {
                    this->setg((char_type*)__extbuf_, (char_type*)__extbuf_, (char_type*)__extbufend_);
                    __c = *this->gptr();
                }
                else if (__inext != this->eback() + __unget_sz)
                {
                    this->setg(this->eback(), this->eback() + __unget_sz, __inext);
                    __c = *this->gptr();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else
        __c = *this->gptr();
    if (this->eback() == &__1buf)
        this->setg(0, 0, 0);
    return __c;
}

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Tr>
typename wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::int_type
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::pbackfail(int_type __c)
{
    if (__cv_ != 0 && __bufptr_ != 0 && this->eback() < this->gptr())
    {
        if (traits_type::eq_int_type(__c, traits_type::eof()))
        {
            this->gbump(-1);
            return traits_type::not_eof(__c);
        }
        if (traits_type::eq(traits_type::to_char_type(__c), this->gptr()[-1]))
        {
            this->gbump(-1);
            *this->gptr() = traits_type::to_char_type(__c);
            return __c;
        }
    }
    return traits_type::eof();
}

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Tr>
typename wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::int_type
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::overflow(int_type __c)
{
    if (__cv_ == 0 || __bufptr_ == 0)
        return traits_type::eof();
    __write_mode();
    char_type __1buf;
    char_type* __pb_save = this->pbase();
    char_type* __epb_save = this->epptr();
    if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(__c, traits_type::eof()))
    {
        if (this->pptr() == 0)
            this->setp(&__1buf, &__1buf+1);
        *this->pptr() = traits_type::to_char_type(__c);
        this->pbump(1);
    }
    if (this->pptr() != this->pbase())
    {
        if (__always_noconv_)
        {
            streamsize __nmemb = static_cast<streamsize>(this->pptr() - this->pbase());
            if (__bufptr_->sputn((const char*)this->pbase(), __nmemb) != __nmemb)
                return traits_type::eof();
        }
        else
        {
            char* __extbe = __extbuf_;
            codecvt_base::result __r;
            do
            {
                const char_type* __e;
                __r = __cv_->out(__st_, this->pbase(), this->pptr(), __e,
                                        __extbuf_, __extbuf_ + __ebs_, __extbe);
                if (__e == this->pbase())
                    return traits_type::eof();
                if (__r == codecvt_base::noconv)
                {
                    streamsize __nmemb = static_cast<size_t>(this->pptr() - this->pbase());
                    if (__bufptr_->sputn((const char*)this->pbase(), __nmemb) != __nmemb)
                        return traits_type::eof();
                }
                else if (__r == codecvt_base::ok || __r == codecvt_base::partial)
                {
                    streamsize __nmemb = static_cast<size_t>(__extbe - __extbuf_);
                    if (__bufptr_->sputn(__extbuf_, __nmemb) != __nmemb)
                        return traits_type::eof();
                    if (__r == codecvt_base::partial)
                    {
                        this->setp((char_type*)__e, this->pptr());
                        this->pbump(this->epptr() - this->pbase());
                    }
                }
                else
                    return traits_type::eof();
            } while (__r == codecvt_base::partial);
        }
        this->setp(__pb_save, __epb_save);
    }
    return traits_type::not_eof(__c);
}

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Tr>
basic_streambuf<_Elem, _Tr>*
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::setbuf(char_type* __s, streamsize __n)
{
    this->setg(0, 0, 0);
    this->setp(0, 0);
    if (__owns_eb_)
        delete [] __extbuf_;
    if (__owns_ib_)
        delete [] __intbuf_;
    __ebs_ = __n;
    if (__ebs_ > sizeof(__extbuf_min_))
    {
        if (__always_noconv_ && __s)
        {
            __extbuf_ = (char*)__s;
            __owns_eb_ = false;
        }
        else
        {
            __extbuf_ = new char[__ebs_];
            __owns_eb_ = true;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        __extbuf_ = __extbuf_min_;
        __ebs_ = sizeof(__extbuf_min_);
        __owns_eb_ = false;
    }
    if (!__always_noconv_)
    {
        __ibs_ = max<streamsize>(__n, sizeof(__extbuf_min_));
        if (__s && __ibs_ >= sizeof(__extbuf_min_))
        {
            __intbuf_ = __s;
            __owns_ib_ = false;
        }
        else
        {
            __intbuf_ = new char_type[__ibs_];
            __owns_ib_ = true;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        __ibs_ = 0;
        __intbuf_ = 0;
        __owns_ib_ = false;
    }
    return this;
}

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Tr>
typename wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::pos_type
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::seekoff(off_type __off, ios_base::seekdir __way,
                                        ios_base::openmode __om)
{
    int __width = __cv_->encoding();
    if (__cv_ == 0 || __bufptr_ == 0 || (__width <= 0 && __off != 0) || sync())
        return pos_type(off_type(-1));
    // __width > 0 || __off == 0
    switch (__way)
    {
    case ios_base::beg:
        break;
    case ios_base::cur:
        break;
    case ios_base::end:
        break;
    default:
        return pos_type(off_type(-1));
    }
    pos_type __r = __bufptr_->pubseekoff(__width * __off, __way, __om);
    __r.state(__st_);
    return __r;
}

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Tr>
typename wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::pos_type
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::seekpos(pos_type __sp, ios_base::openmode __wch)
{
    if (__cv_ == 0 || __bufptr_ == 0 || sync())
        return pos_type(off_type(-1));
    if (__bufptr_->pubseekpos(__sp, __wch) == pos_type(off_type(-1)))
        return pos_type(off_type(-1));
    return __sp;
}

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Tr>
int
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::sync()
{
    if (__cv_ == 0 || __bufptr_ == 0)
        return 0;
    if (__cm_ & ios_base::out)
    {
        if (this->pptr() != this->pbase())
            if (overflow() == traits_type::eof())
                return -1;
        codecvt_base::result __r;
        do
        {
            char* __extbe;
            __r = __cv_->unshift(__st_, __extbuf_, __extbuf_ + __ebs_, __extbe);
            streamsize __nmemb = static_cast<streamsize>(__extbe - __extbuf_);
            if (__bufptr_->sputn(__extbuf_, __nmemb) != __nmemb)
                return -1;
        } while (__r == codecvt_base::partial);
        if (__r == codecvt_base::error)
            return -1;
        if (__bufptr_->pubsync())
            return -1;
    }
    else if (__cm_ & ios_base::in)
    {
        off_type __c;
        if (__always_noconv_)
            __c = this->egptr() - this->gptr();
        else
        {
            int __width = __cv_->encoding();
            __c = __extbufend_ - __extbufnext_;
            if (__width > 0)
                __c += __width * (this->egptr() - this->gptr());
            else
            {
                if (this->gptr() != this->egptr())
                {
                    reverse(this->gptr(), this->egptr());
                    codecvt_base::result __r;
                    const char_type* __e = this->gptr();
                    char* __extbe;
                    do
                    {
                        __r = __cv_->out(__st_, __e, this->egptr(), __e,
                                         __extbuf_, __extbuf_ + __ebs_, __extbe);
                        switch (__r)
                        {
                        case codecvt_base::noconv:
                            __c += this->egptr() - this->gptr();
                            break;
                        case codecvt_base::ok:
                        case codecvt_base::partial:
                            __c += __extbe - __extbuf_;
                            break;
                        default:
                            return -1;
                        }
                    } while (__r == codecvt_base::partial);
                }
            }
        }
        if (__bufptr_->pubseekoff(-__c, ios_base::cur, __cm_) == pos_type(off_type(-1)))
            return -1;
        this->setg(0, 0, 0);
        __cm_ = 0;
    }
    return 0;
}

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Tr>
bool
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::__read_mode()
{
    if (!(__cm_ & ios_base::in))
    {
        this->setp(0, 0);
        if (__always_noconv_)
            this->setg((char_type*)__extbuf_,
                       (char_type*)__extbuf_ + __ebs_,
                       (char_type*)__extbuf_ + __ebs_);
        else
            this->setg(__intbuf_, __intbuf_ + __ibs_, __intbuf_ + __ibs_);
        __cm_ = ios_base::in;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Tr>
void
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::__write_mode()
{
    if (!(__cm_ & ios_base::out))
    {
        this->setg(0, 0, 0);
        if (__ebs_ > sizeof(__extbuf_min_))
        {
            if (__always_noconv_)
                this->setp((char_type*)__extbuf_,
                           (char_type*)__extbuf_ + (__ebs_ - 1));
            else
                this->setp(__intbuf_, __intbuf_ + (__ibs_ - 1));
        }
        else
            this->setp(0, 0);
        __cm_ = ios_base::out;
    }
}

template <class _Codecvt, class _Elem, class _Tr>
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>*
wbuffer_convert<_Codecvt, _Elem, _Tr>::__close()
{
    wbuffer_convert* __rt = 0;
    if (__cv_ != 0 && __bufptr_ != 0)
    {
        __rt = this;
        if ((__cm_ & ios_base::out) && sync())
            __rt = 0;
    }
    return __rt;
}

_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD

#endif  // _LIBCPP_LOCALE