[libc++] Implement ranges::replace{, _if}

Reviewed By: var-const, #libc

Spies: libcxx-commits, mgorny

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D126283

NOKEYCHECK=True
GitOrigin-RevId: ff6d5dee713c50dd41ef1a70dabe6850aff78e42
13 files changed