[libc++] Add the C++17 <memory_resource> header (mono-patch)

This patch is the rebase and squash of three earlier patches.
It supersedes all three of them.

- D47111: experimental monotonic_buffer_resource.
- D47358: experimental pool resources.
- D47360: Copy std::experimental::pmr to std::pmr.

The significant difference between this patch and the-sum-of-those-three
is that this patch does not add `std::experimental::pmr::monotonic_buffer_resource`
and so on. This patch simply adds the C++17 standard facilities, and
leaves the `std::experimental` namespace entirely alone.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D89057

NOKEYCHECK=True
GitOrigin-RevId: 243da90ea5357c1ca324f714ea4813dc9029af27
diff --git a/docs/FeatureTestMacroTable.rst b/docs/FeatureTestMacroTable.rst
index 11bff15..32f7c0c 100644
--- a/docs/FeatureTestMacroTable.rst
+++ b/docs/FeatureTestMacroTable.rst
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
     ------------------------------------------------- -----------------
     ``__cpp_lib_math_special_functions``              *unimplemented*
     ------------------------------------------------- -----------------
-    ``__cpp_lib_memory_resource``                     *unimplemented*
+    ``__cpp_lib_memory_resource``                     ``201603L``
     ------------------------------------------------- -----------------
     ``__cpp_lib_node_extract``                        ``201606L``
     ------------------------------------------------- -----------------