[libcxx][ranges] Add `counted_iterator`.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D106205

NOKEYCHECK=True
GitOrigin-RevId: 8a48e6dda9f7fb9c7ae7207dcb9570d2c11255ad
diff --git a/include/CMakeLists.txt b/include/CMakeLists.txt
index dd4b812..5fba760 100644
--- a/include/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/include/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@
   __iterator/back_insert_iterator.h
   __iterator/common_iterator.h
   __iterator/concepts.h
+  __iterator/counted_iterator.h
   __iterator/data.h
   __iterator/default_sentinel.h
   __iterator/distance.h
diff --git a/include/__iterator/counted_iterator.h b/include/__iterator/counted_iterator.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7136aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/__iterator/counted_iterator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#ifndef _LIBCPP___ITERATOR_COUNTED_ITERATOR_H
+#define _LIBCPP___ITERATOR_COUNTED_ITERATOR_H
+
+#include <__config>
+#include <__debug>
+#include <__iterator/concepts.h>
+#include <__iterator/default_sentinel.h>
+#include <__iterator/iter_move.h>
+#include <__iterator/iter_swap.h>
+#include <__iterator/incrementable_traits.h>
+#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
+#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
+#include <__memory/pointer_traits.h>
+#include <concepts>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
+#pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
+#include <__undef_macros>
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RANGES)
+
+template<class>
+struct __counted_iterator_concept {};
+
+template<class _Iter>
+  requires requires { typename _Iter::iterator_concept; }
+struct __counted_iterator_concept<_Iter> {
+  using iterator_concept = typename _Iter::iterator_concept;
+};
+
+template<class>
+struct __counted_iterator_category {};
+
+template<class _Iter>
+  requires requires { typename _Iter::iterator_category; }
+struct __counted_iterator_category<_Iter> {
+  using iterator_category = typename _Iter::iterator_category;
+};
+
+template<class>
+struct __counted_iterator_value_type {};
+
+template<indirectly_readable _Iter>
+struct __counted_iterator_value_type<_Iter> {
+  using value_type = iter_value_t<_Iter>;
+};
+
+template<input_or_output_iterator _Iter>
+class counted_iterator
+  : public __counted_iterator_concept<_Iter>
+  , public __counted_iterator_category<_Iter>
+  , public __counted_iterator_value_type<_Iter>
+{
+public:
+  [[no_unique_address]] _Iter __current_ = _Iter();
+  iter_difference_t<_Iter> __count_ = 0;
+
+  using iterator_type = _Iter;
+  using difference_type = iter_difference_t<_Iter>;
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr counted_iterator() requires default_initializable<_Iter> = default;
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr counted_iterator(_Iter __iter, iter_difference_t<_Iter> __n)
+   : __current_(_VSTD::move(__iter)), __count_(__n) {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__n >= 0, "__n must not be negative.");
+  }
+
+  template<class _I2>
+    requires convertible_to<const _I2&, _Iter>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr counted_iterator(const counted_iterator<_I2>& __other)
+   : __current_(__other.__current_), __count_(__other.__count_) {}
+
+  template<class _I2>
+    requires assignable_from<_Iter&, const _I2&>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr counted_iterator& operator=(const counted_iterator<_I2>& __other) {
+    __current_ = __other.__current_;
+    __count_ = __other.__count_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr const _Iter& base() const& { return __current_; }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr _Iter base() && { return _VSTD::move(__current_); }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr iter_difference_t<_Iter> count() const noexcept { return __count_; }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr decltype(auto) operator*() {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count_ > 0, "Iterator is equal to or past end.");
+    return *__current_;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr decltype(auto) operator*() const
+    requires __dereferenceable<const _Iter>
+  {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count_ > 0, "Iterator is equal to or past end.");
+    return *__current_;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr auto operator->() const noexcept
+    requires contiguous_iterator<_Iter>
+  {
+    return _VSTD::to_address(__current_);
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr counted_iterator& operator++() {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count_ > 0, "Iterator already at or past end.");
+    ++__current_;
+    --__count_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  decltype(auto) operator++(int) {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count_ > 0, "Iterator already at or past end.");
+    --__count_;
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    try { return __current_++; }
+    catch(...) { ++__count_; throw; }
+#else
+    return __current_++;
+#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr counted_iterator operator++(int)
+    requires forward_iterator<_Iter>
+  {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count_ > 0, "Iterator already at or past end.");
+    counted_iterator __tmp = *this;
+    ++*this;
+    return __tmp;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr counted_iterator& operator--()
+    requires bidirectional_iterator<_Iter>
+  {
+    --__current_;
+    ++__count_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr counted_iterator operator--(int)
+    requires bidirectional_iterator<_Iter>
+  {
+    counted_iterator __tmp = *this;
+    --*this;
+    return __tmp;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr counted_iterator operator+(iter_difference_t<_Iter> __n) const
+    requires random_access_iterator<_Iter>
+  {
+    return counted_iterator(__current_ + __n, __count_ - __n);
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  friend constexpr counted_iterator operator+(
+    iter_difference_t<_Iter> __n, const counted_iterator& __x)
+    requires random_access_iterator<_Iter>
+  {
+    return __x + __n;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr counted_iterator& operator+=(iter_difference_t<_Iter> __n)
+    requires random_access_iterator<_Iter>
+  {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__n <= __count_, "Cannot advance iterator past end.");
+    __current_ += __n;
+    __count_ -= __n;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr counted_iterator operator-(iter_difference_t<_Iter> __n) const
+    requires random_access_iterator<_Iter>
+  {
+    return counted_iterator(__current_ - __n, __count_ + __n);
+  }
+
+  template<common_with<_Iter> _I2>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  friend constexpr iter_difference_t<_I2> operator-(
+    const counted_iterator& __lhs, const counted_iterator<_I2>& __rhs)
+  {
+    return __rhs.__count_ - __lhs.__count_;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  friend constexpr iter_difference_t<_Iter> operator-(
+    const counted_iterator& __lhs, default_sentinel_t)
+  {
+    return -__lhs.__count_;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  friend constexpr iter_difference_t<_Iter> operator-(
+    default_sentinel_t, const counted_iterator& __rhs)
+  {
+    return __rhs.__count_;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr counted_iterator& operator-=(iter_difference_t<_Iter> __n)
+    requires random_access_iterator<_Iter>
+  {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(-__n <= __count_, "Attempt to subtract too large of a size: "
+                                     "counted_iterator would be decremented before the "
+                                     "first element of its range.");
+    __current_ -= __n;
+    __count_ += __n;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  constexpr decltype(auto) operator[](iter_difference_t<_Iter> __n) const
+    requires random_access_iterator<_Iter>
+  {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__n < __count_, "Subscript argument must be less than size.");
+    return __current_[__n];
+  }
+
+  template<common_with<_Iter> _I2>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  friend constexpr bool operator==(
+    const counted_iterator& __lhs, const counted_iterator<_I2>& __rhs)
+  {
+    return __lhs.__count_ == __rhs.__count_;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  friend constexpr bool operator==(
+    const counted_iterator& __lhs, default_sentinel_t)
+  {
+    return __lhs.__count_ == 0;
+  }
+
+  template<common_with<_Iter> _I2>
+  friend constexpr strong_ordering operator<=>(
+    const counted_iterator& __lhs, const counted_iterator<_I2>& __rhs)
+  {
+    return __rhs.__count_ <=> __lhs.__count_;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  friend constexpr iter_rvalue_reference_t<_Iter> iter_move(const counted_iterator& __i)
+    noexcept(noexcept(ranges::iter_move(__i.__current_)))
+      requires input_iterator<_Iter>
+  {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__i.__count_ > 0, "Iterator must not be past end of range.");
+    return ranges::iter_move(__i.__current_);
+  }
+
+  template<indirectly_swappable<_Iter> _I2>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
+  friend constexpr void iter_swap(const counted_iterator& __x, const counted_iterator<_I2>& __y)
+    noexcept(noexcept(ranges::iter_swap(__x.__current_, __y.__current_)))
+  {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__x.__count_ > 0 && __y.__count_ > 0,
+                   "Iterators must not be past end of range.");
+    return ranges::iter_swap(__x.__current_, __y.__current_);
+  }
+};
+
+template<input_iterator _Iter>
+  requires same_as<_ITER_TRAITS<_Iter>, iterator_traits<_Iter>>
+struct iterator_traits<counted_iterator<_Iter>> : iterator_traits<_Iter> {
+  using pointer = conditional_t<contiguous_iterator<_Iter>,
+                                add_pointer_t<iter_reference_t<_Iter>>, void>;
+};
+
+#endif // !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RANGES)
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP___ITERATOR_COUNTED_ITERATOR_H
diff --git a/include/iterator b/include/iterator
index a9f794c..e0b2520 100644
--- a/include/iterator
+++ b/include/iterator
@@ -403,6 +403,13 @@
 struct default_sentinel_t;
 inline constexpr default_sentinel_t default_sentinel{};
 
+// [iterators.counted], counted iterators
+template<input_or_output_iterator I> class counted_iterator;
+
+template<input_iterator I>
+  requires see below
+  struct iterator_traits<counted_iterator<I>>;
+
 template <class T, class charT = char, class traits = char_traits<charT>, class Distance = ptrdiff_t>
 class istream_iterator
     : public iterator<input_iterator_tag, T, Distance, const T*, const T&> // until C++17
@@ -574,6 +581,7 @@
 #include <__iterator/back_insert_iterator.h>
 #include <__iterator/common_iterator.h>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
+#include <__iterator/counted_iterator.h>
 #include <__iterator/data.h>
 #include <__iterator/default_sentinel.h>
 #include <__iterator/distance.h>
diff --git a/include/module.modulemap b/include/module.modulemap
index 11cabad..b5781b0 100644
--- a/include/module.modulemap
+++ b/include/module.modulemap
@@ -485,6 +485,7 @@
       module back_insert_iterator  { private header "__iterator/back_insert_iterator.h" }
       module common_iterator       { private header "__iterator/common_iterator.h" }
       module concepts              { private header "__iterator/concepts.h" }
+      module counted_iterator      { private header "__iterator/counted_iterator.h" }
       module data                  { private header "__iterator/data.h" }
       module default_sentinel      { private header "__iterator/default_sentinel.h" }
       module distance              { private header "__iterator/distance.h" }