libcxx initial import

llvm-svn: 103490
Cr-Mirrored-From: sso://chromium.googlesource.com/_direct/external/github.com/llvm/llvm-project
Cr-Mirrored-Commit: 3e519524c118651123eecf60c2bbc5d65ad9bac3
diff --git a/src/algorithm.cpp b/src/algorithm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09b64d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/algorithm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//===----------------------- algorithm.cpp --------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "algorithm"
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+template void __sort<__less<char>&, char*>(char*, char*, __less<char>&);
+template void __sort<__less<wchar_t>&, wchar_t*>(wchar_t*, wchar_t*, __less<wchar_t>&);
+template void __sort<__less<signed char>&, signed char*>(signed char*, signed char*, __less<signed char>&);
+template void __sort<__less<unsigned char>&, unsigned char*>(unsigned char*, unsigned char*, __less<unsigned char>&);
+template void __sort<__less<short>&, short*>(short*, short*, __less<short>&);
+template void __sort<__less<unsigned short>&, unsigned short*>(unsigned short*, unsigned short*, __less<unsigned short>&);
+template void __sort<__less<int>&, int*>(int*, int*, __less<int>&);
+template void __sort<__less<unsigned>&, unsigned*>(unsigned*, unsigned*, __less<unsigned>&);
+template void __sort<__less<long>&, long*>(long*, long*, __less<long>&);
+template void __sort<__less<unsigned long>&, unsigned long*>(unsigned long*, unsigned long*, __less<unsigned long>&);
+template void __sort<__less<long long>&, long long*>(long long*, long long*, __less<long long>&);
+template void __sort<__less<unsigned long long>&, unsigned long long*>(unsigned long long*, unsigned long long*, __less<unsigned long long>&);
+template void __sort<__less<float>&, float*>(float*, float*, __less<float>&);
+template void __sort<__less<double>&, double*>(double*, double*, __less<double>&);
+template void __sort<__less<long double>&, long double*>(long double*, long double*, __less<long double>&);
+
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<char>&, char*>(char*, char*, __less<char>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<wchar_t>&, wchar_t*>(wchar_t*, wchar_t*, __less<wchar_t>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<signed char>&, signed char*>(signed char*, signed char*, __less<signed char>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned char>&, unsigned char*>(unsigned char*, unsigned char*, __less<unsigned char>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<short>&, short*>(short*, short*, __less<short>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned short>&, unsigned short*>(unsigned short*, unsigned short*, __less<unsigned short>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<int>&, int*>(int*, int*, __less<int>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned>&, unsigned*>(unsigned*, unsigned*, __less<unsigned>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<long>&, long*>(long*, long*, __less<long>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned long>&, unsigned long*>(unsigned long*, unsigned long*, __less<unsigned long>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<long long>&, long long*>(long long*, long long*, __less<long long>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned long long>&, unsigned long long*>(unsigned long long*, unsigned long long*, __less<unsigned long long>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<float>&, float*>(float*, float*, __less<float>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<double>&, double*>(double*, double*, __less<double>&);
+template bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<long double>&, long double*>(long double*, long double*, __less<long double>&);
+
+template unsigned __sort5<__less<long double>&, long double*>(long double*, long double*, long double*, long double*, long double*, __less<long double>&);
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/bind.cpp b/src/bind.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b4e345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bind.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//===-------------------------- bind.cpp ----------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "functional"
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+namespace placeholders
+{
+
+__ph<1>   _1;
+__ph<2>   _2;
+__ph<3>   _3;
+__ph<4>   _4;
+__ph<5>   _5;
+__ph<6>   _6;
+__ph<7>   _7;
+__ph<8>   _8;
+__ph<9>   _9;
+__ph<10> _10;
+
+}  // placeholders
+
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/chrono.cpp b/src/chrono.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0130bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/chrono.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+//===------------------------- chrono.cpp ---------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "chrono"
+#include <sys/time.h>        //for gettimeofday and timeval
+#include <mach/mach_time.h>  // mach_absolute_time, mach_timebase_info_data_t
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+namespace chrono
+{
+
+// system_clock
+
+system_clock::time_point
+system_clock::now()
+{
+    timeval tv;
+    gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
+    return time_point(seconds(tv.tv_sec) + microseconds(tv.tv_usec));
+}
+
+time_t
+system_clock::to_time_t(const time_point& t)
+{
+    return time_t(duration_cast<seconds>(t.time_since_epoch()).count());
+}
+
+system_clock::time_point
+system_clock::from_time_t(time_t t)
+{
+    return system_clock::time_point(seconds(t));
+}
+
+// monotonic_clock
+
+//   mach_absolute_time() * MachInfo.numer / MachInfo.denom is the number of
+//   nanoseconds since the computer booted up.  MachInfo.numer and MachInfo.denom
+//   are run time constants supplied by the OS.  This clock has no relationship
+//   to the Gregorian calendar.  It's main use is as a high resolution timer.
+
+// MachInfo.numer / MachInfo.denom is often 1 on the latest equipment.  Specialize
+//   for that case as an optimization.
+
+#pragma GCC visibility push(hidden)
+
+static
+monotonic_clock::rep
+monotonic_simplified()
+{
+    return mach_absolute_time();
+}
+
+static
+double
+compute_monotonic_factor()
+{
+    mach_timebase_info_data_t MachInfo;
+    mach_timebase_info(&MachInfo);
+    return static_cast<double>(MachInfo.numer) / MachInfo.denom;
+}
+
+static
+monotonic_clock::rep
+monotonic_full()
+{
+    static const double factor = compute_monotonic_factor();
+    return static_cast<monotonic_clock::rep>(mach_absolute_time() * factor);
+}
+
+typedef monotonic_clock::rep (*FP)();
+
+static
+FP
+init_monotonic_clock()
+{
+    mach_timebase_info_data_t MachInfo;
+    mach_timebase_info(&MachInfo);
+    if (MachInfo.numer == MachInfo.denom)
+        return &monotonic_simplified;
+    return &monotonic_full;
+}
+
+#pragma GCC visiblity pop
+
+monotonic_clock::time_point
+monotonic_clock::now()
+{
+    static FP fp = init_monotonic_clock();
+    return time_point(duration(fp()));
+}
+
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/condition_variable.cpp b/src/condition_variable.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14a6d27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/condition_variable.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//===-------------------- condition_variable.cpp --------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "condition_variable"
+#include "thread"
+#include "system_error"
+#include "cassert"
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+condition_variable::~condition_variable()
+{
+    int e = pthread_cond_destroy(&__cv_);
+//     assert(e == 0);
+}
+
+void
+condition_variable::notify_one()
+{
+    pthread_cond_signal(&__cv_);
+}
+
+void
+condition_variable::notify_all()
+{
+    pthread_cond_broadcast(&__cv_);
+}
+
+void
+condition_variable::wait(unique_lock<mutex>& lk)
+{
+    if (!lk.owns_lock())
+        __throw_system_error(EPERM,
+                                  "condition_variable::wait: mutex not locked");
+    int ec = pthread_cond_wait(&__cv_, lk.mutex()->native_handle());
+    if (ec)
+        __throw_system_error(ec, "condition_variable wait failed");
+}
+
+void
+condition_variable::__do_timed_wait(unique_lock<mutex>& lk,
+               chrono::time_point<chrono::system_clock, chrono::nanoseconds> tp)
+{
+    using namespace chrono;
+    if (!lk.owns_lock())
+        __throw_system_error(EPERM,
+                            "condition_variable::timed wait: mutex not locked");
+    nanoseconds d = tp.time_since_epoch();
+    timespec ts;
+    seconds s = duration_cast<seconds>(d);
+    ts.tv_sec = static_cast<decltype(ts.tv_sec)>(s.count());
+    ts.tv_nsec = static_cast<decltype(ts.tv_nsec)>((d - s).count());
+    int ec = pthread_cond_timedwait(&__cv_, lk.mutex()->native_handle(), &ts);
+    if (ec != 0 && ec != ETIMEDOUT)
+        __throw_system_error(ec, "condition_variable timed_wait failed");
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/hash.cpp b/src/hash.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6bd311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/hash.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+//===-------------------------- hash.cpp ----------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "__hash_table"
+#include "algorithm"
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+namespace {
+
+// handle all next_prime(i) for i in [1, 210), special case 0
+const unsigned small_primes[] =
+{
+    0,
+    2,
+    3,
+    5,
+    7,
+    11,
+    13,
+    17,
+    19,
+    23,
+    29,
+    31,
+    37,
+    41,
+    43,
+    47,
+    53,
+    59,
+    61,
+    67,
+    71,
+    73,
+    79,
+    83,
+    89,
+    97,
+    101,
+    103,
+    107,
+    109,
+    113,
+    127,
+    131,
+    137,
+    139,
+    149,
+    151,
+    157,
+    163,
+    167,
+    173,
+    179,
+    181,
+    191,
+    193,
+    197,
+    199,
+    211
+};
+
+// potential primes = 210*k + indices[i], k >= 1
+//   these numbers are not divisible by 2, 3, 5 or 7
+//   (or any integer 2 <= j <= 10 for that matter).
+const unsigned indices[] =
+{
+    1,
+    11,
+    13,
+    17,
+    19,
+    23,
+    29,
+    31,
+    37,
+    41,
+    43,
+    47,
+    53,
+    59,
+    61,
+    67,
+    71,
+    73,
+    79,
+    83,
+    89,
+    97,
+    101,
+    103,
+    107,
+    109,
+    113,
+    121,
+    127,
+    131,
+    137,
+    139,
+    143,
+    149,
+    151,
+    157,
+    163,
+    167,
+    169,
+    173,
+    179,
+    181,
+    187,
+    191,
+    193,
+    197,
+    199,
+    209
+};
+
+}
+
+// Returns:  If n == 0, returns 0.  Else returns the lowest prime number that
+// is greater than or equal to n.
+// 
+// The algorithm creates a list of small primes, plus an open-ended list of
+// potential primes.  All prime numbers are potential prime numbers.  However
+// some potential prime numbers are not prime.  In an ideal world, all potential
+// prime numbers would be prime.  Candiate prime numbers are chosen as the next
+// highest potential prime.  Then this number is tested for prime by dividing it
+// by all potential prime numbers less than the sqrt of the candidate.
+// 
+// This implementation defines potential primes as those numbers not divisible
+// by 2, 3, 5, and 7.  Other (common) implementations define potential primes
+// as those not divisible by 2.  A few other implementations define potential
+// primes as those not divisible by 2 or 3.  By raising the number of small
+// primes which the potential prime is not divisible by, the set of potential
+// primes more closely approximates the set of prime numbers.  And thus there
+// are fewer potential primes to search, and fewer potential primes to divide
+// against.
+
+size_t
+__next_prime(size_t n)
+{
+    const size_t L = 210;
+    const size_t N = sizeof(small_primes) / sizeof(small_primes[0]);
+    // If n is small enough, search in small_primes
+    if (n <= small_primes[N-1])
+        return *std::lower_bound(small_primes, small_primes + N, n);
+    // Else n > largest small_primes
+    // Start searching list of potential primes: L * k0 + indices[in]
+    const size_t M = sizeof(indices) / sizeof(indices[0]);
+    // Select first potential prime >= n
+    //   Known a-priori n >= L
+    size_t k0 = n / L;
+    size_t in = std::lower_bound(indices, indices + M, n % L) - indices;
+    n = L * k0 + indices[in];
+    while (true)
+    {
+        // Divide n by all primes or potential primes (i) until:
+        //    1.  The division is even, so try next potential prime.
+        //    2.  The i > sqrt(n), in which case n is prime.
+        // It is known a-priori that n is not divisible by 2, 3, 5 or 7,
+        //    so don't test those (j == 5 ->  divide by 11 first).  And the
+        //    potential primes start with 211, so don't test against the last
+        //    small prime.
+        for (size_t j = 5; j < N - 1; ++j)
+        {
+            if (n % small_primes[j] == 0)
+                goto next;
+            if (n / small_primes[j] < small_primes[j])
+                return n;
+        }
+        // n wasn't divisible by small primes, try potential primes
+        {
+            size_t i = 211;
+            while (true)
+            {
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 10;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 8;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 8;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 6;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 4;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 2;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                i += 10;
+                if (n % i == 0)
+                    break;
+                if (n / i < i)
+                    return n;
+
+                // This will loop i to the next "plane" of potential primes
+                i += 2;
+            }
+        }
+next:
+        // n is not prime.  Increment n to next potential prime.
+        if (++in == M)
+        {
+            ++k0;
+            in = 0;
+        }
+        n = L * k0 + indices[in];
+    }
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/ios.cpp b/src/ios.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d2489d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ios.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+//===-------------------------- ios.cpp -----------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "ios"
+#include "streambuf"
+#include "istream"
+#include "string"
+#include "__locale"
+#include "algorithm"
+#include "memory"
+#include "new"
+#include "limits"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+template class __basic_string_common<true>;
+
+template class basic_string<char>;
+template class basic_string<wchar_t>;
+
+template enable_if<__is_forward_iterator<char const*>::value, void>::type
+    basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> >
+    ::__init<char const*>(char const*, char const*);
+
+template enable_if<__is_forward_iterator<wchar_t const*>::value, void>::type
+    basic_string<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>, allocator<wchar_t> >
+    ::__init<wchar_t const*>(wchar_t const*, wchar_t const*);
+
+template
+    enable_if<__is_forward_iterator<char*>::value,
+    basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> >&>::type
+    basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> >::
+    append<char*>(char*, char*);
+
+template
+    enable_if<__is_forward_iterator<wchar_t*>::value,
+    basic_string<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>, allocator<wchar_t> >&>::type
+    basic_string<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t>, allocator<wchar_t> >::
+    append<wchar_t*>(wchar_t*, wchar_t*);
+
+template
+    enable_if<__is_forward_iterator<char const*>::value,
+    string::iterator>::type
+    string::
+    insert<char const*>(string::const_iterator, char const*, char const*);
+
+template
+    enable_if<__is_forward_iterator<wchar_t const*>::value,
+    wstring::iterator>::type
+    wstring::
+    insert<wchar_t const*>(wstring::const_iterator, wchar_t const*, wchar_t const*);
+
+template
+    enable_if<__is_input_iterator<char const*>::value, string&>::type
+    string::
+    replace<char const*>(string::iterator, string::iterator, char const*, char const*);
+
+template
+    enable_if<__is_input_iterator<wchar_t const*>::value, wstring&>::type
+    wstring::
+    replace<wchar_t const*>(wstring::iterator, wstring::iterator, wchar_t const*, wchar_t const*);
+
+template
+    enable_if<__is_forward_iterator<wchar_t*>::value, wstring&>::type
+    wstring::assign<wchar_t*>(wchar_t*, wchar_t*);
+
+template
+    string
+    operator+<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> >(char const*, string const&);
+
+template class basic_ios<char>;
+template class basic_ios<wchar_t>;
+
+template class basic_streambuf<char>;
+template class basic_streambuf<wchar_t>;
+
+template class basic_istream<char>;
+template class basic_istream<wchar_t>;
+
+template class basic_ostream<char>;
+template class basic_ostream<wchar_t>;
+
+template class basic_iostream<char>;
+
+class _LIBCPP_HIDDEN __iostream_category
+    : public __do_message
+{
+public:
+    virtual const char* name() const;
+    virtual string message(int ev) const;
+};
+
+const char*
+__iostream_category::name() const
+{
+    return "iostream";
+}
+
+string
+__iostream_category::message(int ev) const
+{
+    if (ev != static_cast<int>(io_errc::stream) && ev <= ELAST)
+        return __do_message::message(ev);
+    return string("unspecified iostream_category error");
+}
+
+const error_category&
+iostream_category()
+{
+    static __iostream_category s;
+    return s;
+}
+
+// ios_base::failure
+
+ios_base::failure::failure(const string& msg, const error_code& ec)
+    : system_error(ec, msg)
+{
+}
+
+ios_base::failure::failure(const char* msg, const error_code& ec)
+    : system_error(ec, msg)
+{
+}
+
+ios_base::failure::~failure() throw()
+{
+}
+
+// ios_base locale
+
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::boolalpha;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::dec;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::fixed;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::hex;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::internal;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::left;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::oct;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::right;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::scientific;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::showbase;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::showpoint;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::showpos;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::skipws;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::unitbuf;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::uppercase;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::adjustfield;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::basefield;
+const ios_base::fmtflags ios_base::floatfield;
+
+const ios_base::iostate ios_base::badbit;
+const ios_base::iostate ios_base::eofbit;
+const ios_base::iostate ios_base::failbit;
+const ios_base::iostate ios_base::goodbit;
+
+const ios_base::openmode ios_base::app;
+const ios_base::openmode ios_base::ate;
+const ios_base::openmode ios_base::binary;
+const ios_base::openmode ios_base::in;
+const ios_base::openmode ios_base::out;
+const ios_base::openmode ios_base::trunc;
+
+void
+ios_base::__call_callbacks(event ev)
+{
+    for (size_t i = __event_size_; i;)
+    {
+        --i;
+        __fn_[i](ev, *this, __index_[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+// locale
+
+locale
+ios_base::imbue(const locale& newloc)
+{
+    static_assert(sizeof(locale) == sizeof(__loc_), "");
+    locale& loc_storage = *(locale*)&__loc_;
+    locale oldloc = loc_storage;
+    loc_storage = newloc;
+    __call_callbacks(imbue_event);
+    return oldloc;
+}
+
+locale
+ios_base::getloc() const
+{
+    const locale& loc_storage = *(locale*)&__loc_;
+    return loc_storage;
+}
+
+// xalloc
+
+int ios_base::__xindex_ = 0;
+
+int
+ios_base::xalloc()
+{
+    return __xindex_++;
+}
+
+long&
+ios_base::iword(int index)
+{
+    size_t req_size = static_cast<size_t>(index)+1;
+    if (req_size > __iarray_cap_)
+    {
+        size_t newcap;
+        const size_t mx = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
+        if (req_size < mx/2)
+            newcap = max(2 * __iarray_cap_, req_size);
+        else
+            newcap = mx;
+        long* iarray = (long*)realloc(__iarray_, newcap * sizeof(long));
+        if (iarray == 0)
+        {
+            setstate(badbit);
+            static long error;
+            error = 0;
+            return error;
+        }
+        __iarray_ = iarray;
+        for (long* p = __iarray_ + __iarray_size_; __iarray_cap_ < newcap; ++__iarray_cap_, ++p)
+            *p = 0;
+    }
+    __iarray_size_ = max<size_t>(__iarray_size_, req_size);
+    return __iarray_[index];
+}
+
+void*&
+ios_base::pword(int index)
+{
+    size_t req_size = static_cast<size_t>(index)+1;
+    if (req_size > __parray_cap_)
+    {
+        size_t newcap;
+        const size_t mx = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
+        if (req_size < mx/2)
+            newcap = max(2 * __parray_cap_, req_size);
+        else
+            newcap = mx;
+        void** parray = (void**)realloc(__parray_, newcap * sizeof(void*));
+        if (parray == 0)
+        {
+            setstate(badbit);
+            static void* error;
+            error = 0;
+            return error;
+        }
+        __parray_ = parray;
+        for (void** p = __parray_ + __parray_size_; __parray_cap_ < newcap; ++__parray_cap_, ++p)
+            *p = 0;
+    }
+    __parray_size_ = max<size_t>(__parray_size_, req_size);
+    return __parray_[index];
+}
+
+// register_callback
+
+void
+ios_base::register_callback(event_callback fn, int index)
+{
+    size_t req_size = __event_size_ + 1;
+    if (req_size > __event_cap_)
+    {
+        size_t newcap;
+        const size_t mx = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
+        if (req_size < mx/2)
+            newcap = max(2 * __event_cap_, req_size);
+        else
+            newcap = mx;
+        event_callback* fns = (event_callback*)realloc(__fn_, newcap * sizeof(event_callback));
+        if (fns == 0)
+            setstate(badbit);
+        __fn_ = fns;
+        int* indxs = (int*)realloc(__index_, newcap * sizeof(int));
+        if (indxs == 0)
+            setstate(badbit);
+        __index_ = indxs;
+    }
+    __fn_[__event_size_] = fn;
+    __index_[__event_size_] = index;
+    ++__event_size_;
+}
+
+ios_base::~ios_base()
+{
+    __call_callbacks(erase_event);
+    locale& loc_storage = *(locale*)&__loc_;
+    loc_storage.~locale();
+    free(__fn_);
+    free(__index_);
+    free(__iarray_);
+    free(__parray_);
+}
+
+// iostate
+
+void
+ios_base::clear(iostate state)
+{
+    if (__rdbuf_)
+        __rdstate_ = state;
+    else
+        __rdstate_ = state | badbit;
+    if (((state | (__rdbuf_ ? goodbit : badbit)) & __exceptions_) != 0)
+        throw failure("ios_base::clear");
+}
+
+// init
+
+void
+ios_base::init(void* sb)
+{
+    __rdbuf_ = sb;
+    __rdstate_ = __rdbuf_ ? goodbit : badbit;
+    __exceptions_ = goodbit;
+    __fmtflags_ = skipws | dec;
+    __width_ = 0;
+    __precision_ = 6;
+    __fn_ = 0;
+    __index_ = 0;
+    __event_size_ = 0;
+    __event_cap_ = 0;
+    __iarray_ = 0;
+    __iarray_size_ = 0;
+    __iarray_cap_ = 0;
+    __parray_ = 0;
+    __parray_size_ = 0;
+    __parray_cap_ = 0;
+    ::new(&__loc_) locale;
+}
+
+void
+ios_base::copyfmt(const ios_base& rhs)
+{
+    // If we can't acquire the needed resources, throw bad_alloc (can't set badbit)
+    // Don't alter *this until all needed resources are aquired
+    unique_ptr<event_callback, void (*)(void*)> new_callbacks(0, free);
+    unique_ptr<int, void (*)(void*)> new_ints(0, free);
+    unique_ptr<long, void (*)(void*)> new_longs(0, free);
+    unique_ptr<void*, void (*)(void*)> new_pointers(0, free);
+    if (__event_cap_ < rhs.__event_size_)
+    {
+        new_callbacks.reset((event_callback*)malloc(sizeof(event_callback) * rhs.__event_size_));
+        if (!new_callbacks)
+            throw bad_alloc();
+        new_ints.reset((int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * rhs.__event_size_));
+        if (!new_ints)
+            throw bad_alloc();
+    }
+    if (__iarray_cap_ < rhs.__iarray_size_)
+    {
+        new_longs.reset((long*)malloc(sizeof(long) * rhs.__iarray_size_));
+        if (!new_longs)
+            throw bad_alloc();
+    }
+    if (__parray_cap_ < rhs.__parray_size_)
+    {
+        new_pointers.reset((void**)malloc(sizeof(void*) * rhs.__parray_size_));
+        if (!new_pointers)
+            throw bad_alloc();
+    }
+    // Got everything we need.  Copy everything but __rdstate_, __rdbuf_ and __exceptions_
+    __fmtflags_ = rhs.__fmtflags_;
+    __precision_ = rhs.__precision_;
+    __width_ = rhs.__width_;
+    locale& lhs_loc = *(locale*)&__loc_;
+    locale& rhs_loc = *(locale*)&rhs.__loc_;
+    lhs_loc = rhs_loc;
+    if (__event_cap_ < rhs.__event_size_)
+    {
+        free(__fn_);
+        __fn_ = new_callbacks.release();
+        free(__index_);
+        __index_ = new_ints.release();
+        __event_cap_ = rhs.__event_size_;
+    }
+    for (__event_size_ = 0; __event_size_ < rhs.__event_size_; ++__event_size_)
+    {
+        __fn_[__event_size_] = rhs.__fn_[__event_size_];
+        __index_[__event_size_] = rhs.__index_[__event_size_];
+    }
+    if (__iarray_cap_ < rhs.__iarray_size_)
+    {
+        free(__iarray_);
+        __iarray_ = new_longs.release();
+        __iarray_cap_ = rhs.__iarray_size_;
+    }
+    for (__iarray_size_ = 0; __iarray_size_ < rhs.__iarray_size_; ++__iarray_size_)
+        __iarray_[__iarray_size_] = rhs.__iarray_[__iarray_size_];
+    if (__parray_cap_ < rhs.__parray_size_)
+    {
+        free(__parray_);
+        __parray_ = new_pointers.release();
+        __parray_cap_ = rhs.__parray_size_;
+    }
+    for (__parray_size_ = 0; __parray_size_ < rhs.__parray_size_; ++__parray_size_)
+        __parray_[__parray_size_] = rhs.__parray_[__parray_size_];
+}
+
+void
+ios_base::move(ios_base& rhs)
+{
+    // *this is uninitialized
+    __fmtflags_ = rhs.__fmtflags_;
+    __precision_ = rhs.__precision_;
+    __width_ = rhs.__width_;
+    __rdstate_ = rhs.__rdstate_;
+    __exceptions_ = rhs.__exceptions_;
+    __rdbuf_ = 0;
+    locale& rhs_loc = *(locale*)&rhs.__loc_;
+    ::new(&__loc_) locale(rhs_loc);
+    __fn_ = rhs.__fn_;
+    rhs.__fn_ = 0;
+    __index_ = rhs.__index_;
+    rhs.__index_ = 0;
+    __event_size_ = rhs.__event_size_;
+    rhs.__event_size_ = 0;
+    __event_cap_ = rhs.__event_cap_;
+    rhs.__event_cap_ = 0;
+    __iarray_ = rhs.__iarray_;
+    rhs.__iarray_ = 0;
+    __iarray_size_ = rhs.__iarray_size_;
+    rhs.__iarray_size_ = 0;
+    __iarray_cap_ = rhs.__iarray_cap_;
+    rhs.__iarray_cap_ = 0;
+    __parray_ = rhs.__parray_;
+    rhs.__parray_ = 0;
+    __parray_size_ = rhs.__parray_size_;
+    rhs.__parray_size_ = 0;
+    __parray_cap_ = rhs.__parray_cap_;
+    rhs.__parray_cap_ = 0;
+}
+
+void
+ios_base::swap(ios_base& rhs)
+{
+    _STD::swap(__fmtflags_, rhs.__fmtflags_);
+    _STD::swap(__precision_, rhs.__precision_);
+    _STD::swap(__width_, rhs.__width_);
+    _STD::swap(__rdstate_, rhs.__rdstate_);
+    _STD::swap(__exceptions_, rhs.__exceptions_);
+    locale& lhs_loc = *(locale*)&__loc_;
+    locale& rhs_loc = *(locale*)&rhs.__loc_;
+    _STD::swap(lhs_loc, rhs_loc);
+    _STD::swap(__fn_, rhs.__fn_);
+    _STD::swap(__index_, rhs.__index_);
+    _STD::swap(__event_size_, rhs.__event_size_);
+    _STD::swap(__event_cap_, rhs.__event_cap_);
+    _STD::swap(__iarray_, rhs.__iarray_);
+    _STD::swap(__iarray_size_, rhs.__iarray_size_);
+    _STD::swap(__iarray_cap_, rhs.__iarray_cap_);
+    _STD::swap(__parray_, rhs.__parray_);
+    _STD::swap(__parray_size_, rhs.__parray_size_);
+    _STD::swap(__parray_cap_, rhs.__parray_cap_);
+}
+
+void
+ios_base::__set_badbit_and_consider_rethrow()
+{
+    __rdstate_ |= badbit;
+    if (__exceptions_ & badbit)
+        throw;
+}
+
+void
+ios_base::__set_failbit_and_consider_rethrow()
+{
+    __rdstate_ |= failbit;
+    if (__exceptions_ & failbit)
+        throw;
+}
+
+bool
+ios_base::sync_with_stdio(bool sync)
+{
+    static bool previous_state = true;
+    bool r = previous_state;
+    previous_state = sync;
+    return r;
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/iostream.cpp b/src/iostream.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43be587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/iostream.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+//===------------------------ iostream.cpp --------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "__std_stream"
+#include "string"
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+static __stdinbuf<char>  __cin(stdin);
+static __stdoutbuf<char> __cout(stdout);
+static __stdoutbuf<char> __cerr(stderr);
+static __stdinbuf<wchar_t>  __wcin(stdin);
+static __stdoutbuf<wchar_t> __wcout(stdout);
+static __stdoutbuf<wchar_t> __wcerr(stderr);
+
+istream cin(&__cin);
+ostream cout(&__cout);
+ostream cerr(&__cerr);
+ostream clog(&__cerr);
+wistream wcin(&__wcin);
+wostream wcout(&__wcout);
+wostream wcerr(&__wcerr);
+wostream wclog(&__wcerr);
+
+ios_base::Init __start_std_streams;
+
+ios_base::Init::Init()
+{
+    cin.tie(&cout);
+    _STD::unitbuf(cerr);
+    cerr.tie(&cout);
+
+    wcin.tie(&wcout);
+    _STD::unitbuf(wcerr);
+    wcerr.tie(&wcout);
+}
+
+ios_base::Init::~Init()
+{
+    cout.flush();
+    clog.flush();
+
+    wcout.flush();
+    wclog.flush();
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/locale.cpp b/src/locale.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..758ec14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locale.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,3680 @@
+//===------------------------- locale.cpp ---------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "string"
+#include "locale"
+#include "vector"
+#include "algorithm"
+#include "algorithm"
+#include "typeinfo"
+#include "clocale"
+#include "cstring"
+#include "cwctype"
+#include "__sso_allocator"
+#include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
+#include <langinfo.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+namespace {
+
+struct release
+{
+    void operator()(locale::facet* p) {p->__release_shared();}
+};
+
+template <class T, class A0>
+inline
+T&
+make(A0 a0)
+{
+    static typename aligned_storage<sizeof(T)>::type buf;
+    ::new (&buf) T(a0);
+    return *(T*)&buf;
+}
+
+template <class T, class A0, class A1>
+inline
+T&
+make(A0 a0, A1 a1)
+{
+    static typename aligned_storage<sizeof(T)>::type buf;
+    ::new (&buf) T(a0, a1);
+    return *(T*)&buf;
+}
+
+template <class T, class A0, class A1, class A2>
+inline
+T&
+make(A0 a0, A1 a1, A2 a2)
+{
+    static typename aligned_storage<sizeof(T)>::type buf;
+    ::new (&buf) T(a0, a1, a2);
+    return *(T*)&buf;
+}
+
+}
+
+class _LIBCPP_HIDDEN locale::__imp
+    : public facet
+{
+    enum {N = 28};
+    string         name_;
+    vector<facet*, __sso_allocator<facet*, N> > facets_;
+public:
+    explicit __imp(size_t refs = 0);
+    explicit __imp(const string& name, size_t refs = 0);
+    __imp(const __imp&);
+    __imp(const __imp&, const string&, locale::category c);
+    __imp(const __imp& other, const __imp& one, locale::category c);
+    __imp(const __imp&, facet* f, long id);
+    ~__imp();
+
+    const string& name() const {return name_;}
+    bool has_facet(long id) const {return id < facets_.size() && facets_[id];}
+    const locale::facet* use_facet(long id) const;
+
+    static const locale& make_classic();
+    static       locale& make_global();
+private:
+    void install(facet* f, long id);
+    template <class F> void install(F* f) {install(f, f->id.__get());}
+    template <class F> void install_from(const __imp& other);
+};
+
+locale::__imp::__imp(size_t refs)
+    : facet(refs),
+      name_("C"),
+      facets_(N)
+{
+    facets_.clear();
+    install(&make<_STD::collate<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<_STD::collate<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<_STD::ctype<char> >((ctype_base::mask*)0, false, 1));
+    install(&make<_STD::ctype<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<numpunct<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<numpunct<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<num_get<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<num_get<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<num_put<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<num_put<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<moneypunct<char, false> >(1));
+    install(&make<moneypunct<char, true> >(1));
+    install(&make<moneypunct<wchar_t, false> >(1));
+    install(&make<moneypunct<wchar_t, true> >(1));
+    install(&make<money_get<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<money_get<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<money_put<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<money_put<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<time_get<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<time_get<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<time_put<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<time_put<wchar_t> >(1));
+    install(&make<_STD::messages<char> >(1));
+    install(&make<_STD::messages<wchar_t> >(1));
+}
+
+locale::__imp::__imp(const string& name, size_t refs)
+    : facet(refs),
+      name_(name),
+      facets_(N)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        facets_ = locale::classic().__locale_->facets_;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+            if (facets_[i])
+                facets_[i]->__add_shared();
+        install(new collate_byname<char>(name_));
+        install(new collate_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
+        install(new ctype_byname<char>(name_));
+        install(new ctype_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
+        install(new codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>(name_));
+        install(new codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>(name_));
+        install(new codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>(name_));
+        install(new codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>(name_));
+        install(new numpunct_byname<char>(name_));
+        install(new numpunct_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
+        install(new moneypunct_byname<char, false>(name_));
+        install(new moneypunct_byname<char, true>(name_));
+        install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>(name_));
+        install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>(name_));
+        install(new time_get_byname<char>(name_));
+        install(new time_get_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
+        install(new time_put_byname<char>(name_));
+        install(new time_put_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
+        install(new messages_byname<char>(name_));
+        install(new messages_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+            if (facets_[i])
+                facets_[i]->__release_shared();
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other)
+    : name_(other.name_),
+      facets_(max<size_t>(N, other.facets_.size()))
+{
+    facets_ = other.facets_;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+        if (facets_[i])
+            facets_[i]->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other, const string& name, locale::category c)
+    : name_("*"),
+      facets_(N)
+{
+    facets_ = other.facets_;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+        if (facets_[i])
+            facets_[i]->__add_shared();
+    try
+    {
+        if (c & locale::collate)
+        {
+            install(new collate_byname<char>(name));
+            install(new collate_byname<wchar_t>(name));
+        }
+        if (c & locale::ctype)
+        {
+            install(new ctype_byname<char>(name));
+            install(new ctype_byname<wchar_t>(name));
+            install(new codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>(name));
+            install(new codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>(name));
+            install(new codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>(name));
+            install(new codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>(name));
+        }
+        if (c & locale::monetary)
+        {
+            install(new moneypunct_byname<char, false>(name));
+            install(new moneypunct_byname<char, true>(name));
+            install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>(name));
+            install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>(name));
+        }
+        if (c & locale::numeric)
+        {
+            install(new numpunct_byname<char>(name));
+            install(new numpunct_byname<wchar_t>(name));
+        }
+        if (c & locale::time)
+        {
+            install(new time_get_byname<char>(name));
+            install(new time_get_byname<wchar_t>(name));
+            install(new time_put_byname<char>(name));
+            install(new time_put_byname<wchar_t>(name));
+        }
+        if (c & locale::messages)
+        {
+            install(new messages_byname<char>(name));
+            install(new messages_byname<wchar_t>(name));
+        }
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+            if (facets_[i])
+                facets_[i]->__release_shared();
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+template<class F>
+inline
+void
+locale::__imp::install_from(const locale::__imp& one)
+{
+    long id = F::id.__get();
+    install(const_cast<F*>(static_cast<const F*>(one.use_facet(id))), id);
+}
+
+locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other, const __imp& one, locale::category c)
+    : name_("*"),
+      facets_(N)
+{
+    facets_ = other.facets_;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+        if (facets_[i])
+            facets_[i]->__add_shared();
+    try
+    {
+        if (c & locale::collate)
+        {
+            install_from<_STD::collate<char> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::collate<wchar_t> >(one);
+        }
+        if (c & locale::ctype)
+        {
+            install_from<_STD::ctype<char> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::ctype<wchar_t> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(one);
+        }
+        if (c & locale::monetary)
+        {
+            install_from<moneypunct<char, false> >(one);
+            install_from<moneypunct<char, true> >(one);
+            install_from<moneypunct<wchar_t, false> >(one);
+            install_from<moneypunct<wchar_t, true> >(one);
+            install_from<money_get<char> >(one);
+            install_from<money_get<wchar_t> >(one);
+            install_from<money_put<char> >(one);
+            install_from<money_put<wchar_t> >(one);
+        }
+        if (c & locale::numeric)
+        {
+            install_from<numpunct<char> >(one);
+            install_from<numpunct<wchar_t> >(one);
+            install_from<num_get<char> >(one);
+            install_from<num_get<wchar_t> >(one);
+            install_from<num_put<char> >(one);
+            install_from<num_put<wchar_t> >(one);
+        }
+        if (c & locale::time)
+        {
+            install_from<time_get<char> >(one);
+            install_from<time_get<wchar_t> >(one);
+            install_from<time_put<char> >(one);
+            install_from<time_put<wchar_t> >(one);
+        }
+        if (c & locale::messages)
+        {
+            install_from<_STD::messages<char> >(one);
+            install_from<_STD::messages<wchar_t> >(one);
+        }
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+            if (facets_[i])
+                facets_[i]->__release_shared();
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other, facet* f, long id)
+    : name_("*"),
+      facets_(max<size_t>(N, other.facets_.size()+1))
+{
+    f->__add_shared();
+    unique_ptr<facet, release> hold(f);
+    facets_ = other.facets_;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < other.facets_.size(); ++i)
+        if (facets_[i])
+            facets_[i]->__add_shared();
+    install(hold.get(), id);
+}
+
+locale::__imp::~__imp()
+{
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
+        if (facets_[i])
+            facets_[i]->__release_shared();
+}
+
+void
+locale::__imp::install(facet* f, long id)
+{
+    f->__add_shared();
+    unique_ptr<facet, release> hold(f);
+    if (id >= facets_.size())
+        facets_.resize(id+1);
+    if (facets_[id])
+        facets_[id]->__release_shared();
+    facets_[id] = hold.release();
+}
+
+const locale::facet*
+locale::__imp::use_facet(long id) const
+{
+    if (!has_facet(id))
+        throw bad_cast();
+    return facets_[id];
+}
+
+// locale
+
+const locale&
+locale::__imp::make_classic()
+{
+    // only one thread can get in here and it only gets in once
+    static aligned_storage<sizeof(locale)>::type buf;
+    locale* c = (locale*)&buf;
+    c->__locale_ = &make<__imp>(1);
+    return *c;
+}
+
+const locale&
+locale::classic()
+{
+    static const locale& c = __imp::make_classic();
+    return c;
+}
+
+locale&
+locale::__imp::make_global()
+{
+    // only one thread can get in here and it only gets in once
+    static aligned_storage<sizeof(locale)>::type buf;
+    locale* g = (locale*)&buf;
+    ::new (&buf) locale(locale::classic());
+    return *(locale*)&buf;
+}
+
+locale&
+locale::__global()
+{
+    static locale& g = __imp::make_global();
+    return g;
+}
+
+locale::locale() throw()
+    : __locale_(__global().__locale_)
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::locale(const locale& l) throw()
+    : __locale_(l.__locale_)
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::~locale() throw()
+{
+    __locale_->__release_shared();
+}
+
+const locale&
+locale::operator=(const locale& other) throw()
+{
+    other.__locale_->__add_shared();
+    __locale_->__release_shared();
+    __locale_ = other.__locale_;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+locale::locale(const char* name)
+    : __locale_(name ? new __imp(name)
+                     : throw runtime_error("locale constructed with null"))
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::locale(const string& name)
+    : __locale_(new __imp(name))
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::locale(const locale& other, const char* name, category c)
+    : __locale_(name ? new __imp(*other.__locale_, name, c)
+                     : throw runtime_error("locale constructed with null"))
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::locale(const locale& other, const string& name, category c)
+    : __locale_(new __imp(*other.__locale_, name, c))
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale::locale(const locale& other, const locale& one, category c)
+    : __locale_(new __imp(*other.__locale_, *one.__locale_, c))
+{
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+string
+locale::name() const
+{
+    return __locale_->name();
+}
+
+void
+locale::__install_ctor(const locale& other, facet* f, long id)
+{
+    if (f)
+        __locale_ = new __imp(*other.__locale_, f, id);
+    else
+        __locale_ = other.__locale_;
+    __locale_->__add_shared();
+}
+
+locale
+locale::global(const locale& loc)
+{
+    locale& g = __global();
+    locale r = g;
+    g = loc;
+    if (g.name() != "*")
+        setlocale(LC_ALL, g.name().c_str());
+    return r;
+}
+
+bool
+locale::has_facet(id& x) const
+{
+    return __locale_->has_facet(x.__get());
+}
+
+const locale::facet*
+locale::use_facet(id& x) const
+{
+    return __locale_->use_facet(x.__get());
+}
+
+bool
+locale::operator==(const locale& y) const
+{
+    return (__locale_ == y.__locale_)
+        || (__locale_->name() != "*" && __locale_->name() == y.__locale_->name());
+}
+
+// locale::facet
+
+locale::facet::~facet()
+{
+}
+
+void
+locale::facet::__on_zero_shared()
+{
+    delete this;
+}
+
+// locale::id
+
+int32_t locale::id::__next_id = 0;
+
+namespace
+{
+
+class __fake_bind
+{
+    locale::id* id_;
+    void (locale::id::* pmf_)();
+public:
+    __fake_bind(void (locale::id::* pmf)(), locale::id* id)
+        : id_(id), pmf_(pmf) {}
+
+    void operator()() const
+    {
+        (id_->*pmf_)();
+    }
+};
+
+}
+
+long
+locale::id::__get()
+{
+    call_once(__flag_, __fake_bind(&locale::id::__init, this));
+    return __id_ - 1;
+}
+
+void
+locale::id::__init()
+{
+    __id_ = OSAtomicIncrement32Barrier(&__next_id);
+}
+
+// template <> class collate_byname<char>
+
+collate_byname<char>::collate_byname(const char* n, size_t refs)
+    : collate<char>(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, n, 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("collate_byname<char>::collate_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(n));
+}
+
+collate_byname<char>::collate_byname(const string& name, size_t refs)
+    : collate<char>(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("collate_byname<char>::collate_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + name);
+}
+
+collate_byname<char>::~collate_byname()
+{
+    freelocale(__l);
+}
+
+int
+collate_byname<char>::do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1,
+                                 const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const
+{
+    string_type lhs(__lo1, __hi1);
+    string_type rhs(__lo2, __hi2);
+    int r = strcoll_l(lhs.c_str(), rhs.c_str(), __l);
+    if (r < 0)
+        return -1;
+    if (r > 0)
+        return 1;
+    return r;
+}
+
+collate_byname<char>::string_type
+collate_byname<char>::do_transform(const char_type* lo, const char_type* hi) const
+{
+    const string_type in(lo, hi);
+    string_type out(strxfrm_l(0, in.c_str(), 0, __l), char());
+    strxfrm_l(const_cast<char*>(out.c_str()), in.c_str(), out.size()+1, __l);
+    return out;
+}
+
+// template <> class collate_byname<wchar_t>
+
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(const char* n, size_t refs)
+    : collate<wchar_t>(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, n, 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(size_t refs)"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(n));
+}
+
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(const string& name, size_t refs)
+    : collate<wchar_t>(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(size_t refs)"
+                            " failed to construct for " + name);
+}
+
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::~collate_byname()
+{
+    freelocale(__l);
+}
+
+int
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1,
+                                 const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const
+{
+    string_type lhs(__lo1, __hi1);
+    string_type rhs(__lo2, __hi2);
+    int r = wcscoll_l(lhs.c_str(), rhs.c_str(), __l);
+    if (r < 0)
+        return -1;
+    if (r > 0)
+        return 1;
+    return r;
+}
+
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::string_type
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::do_transform(const char_type* lo, const char_type* hi) const
+{
+    const string_type in(lo, hi);
+    string_type out(wcsxfrm_l(0, in.c_str(), 0, __l), wchar_t());
+    wcsxfrm_l(const_cast<wchar_t*>(out.c_str()), in.c_str(), out.size()+1, __l);
+    return out;
+}
+
+// template <> class ctype<wchar_t>;
+
+locale::id ctype<wchar_t>::id;
+
+ctype<wchar_t>::~ctype()
+{
+}
+
+bool
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_is(mask m, char_type c) const
+{
+    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype[c] & m : false;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_is(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, mask* vec) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++vec)
+        *vec = static_cast<mask>(isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype[*low] : 0);
+    return low;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_scan_is(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        if (isascii(*low) && (_DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype[*low] & m))
+            break;
+    return low;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_scan_not(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        if (!(isascii(*low) && (_DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype[*low] & m)))
+            break;
+    return low;
+}
+
+wchar_t
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type c) const
+{
+    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[c] : c;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[*low] : *low;
+    return low;
+}
+
+wchar_t
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type c) const
+{
+    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[c] : c;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[*low] : *low;
+    return low;
+}
+
+wchar_t
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_widen(char c) const
+{
+    return c;
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_widen(const char* low, const char* high, char_type* dest) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
+        *dest = *low;
+    return low;
+}
+
+char
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_narrow(char_type c, char dfault) const
+{
+    if (isascii(c))
+        return static_cast<char>(c);
+    return dfault;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_narrow(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, char dfault, char* dest) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
+        if (isascii(*low))
+            *dest = *low;
+        else
+            *dest = dfault;
+    return low;
+}
+
+// template <> class ctype<char>;
+
+locale::id ctype<char>::id;
+
+ctype<char>::ctype(const mask* tab, bool del, size_t refs)
+    : locale::facet(refs),
+      __tab_(tab),
+      __del_(del)
+{
+    if (__tab_ == 0)
+        __tab_ = _DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype;
+}
+
+ctype<char>::~ctype()
+{
+    if (__tab_ && __del_)
+        delete [] __tab_;
+}
+
+char
+ctype<char>::do_toupper(char_type c) const
+{
+    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[c] : c;
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype<char>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[*low] : *low;
+    return low;
+}
+
+char
+ctype<char>::do_tolower(char_type c) const
+{
+    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[c] : c;
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype<char>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[*low] : *low;
+    return low;
+}
+
+char
+ctype<char>::do_widen(char c) const
+{
+    return c;
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype<char>::do_widen(const char* low, const char* high, char_type* dest) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
+        *dest = *low;
+    return low;
+}
+
+char
+ctype<char>::do_narrow(char_type c, char dfault) const
+{
+    if (isascii(c))
+        return static_cast<char>(c);
+    return dfault;
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype<char>::do_narrow(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, char dfault, char* dest) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
+        if (isascii(*low))
+            *dest = *low;
+        else
+            *dest = dfault;
+    return low;
+}
+
+const ctype<char>::mask*
+ctype<char>::classic_table() throw()
+{
+    return _DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype;
+}
+
+// template <> class ctype_byname<char>
+
+ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname(const char* name, size_t refs)
+    : ctype<char>(0, false, refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name, 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(name));
+}
+
+ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname(const string& name, size_t refs)
+    : ctype<char>(0, false, refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + name);
+}
+
+ctype_byname<char>::~ctype_byname()
+{
+    freelocale(__l);
+}
+
+char
+ctype_byname<char>::do_toupper(char_type c) const
+{
+    return toupper_l(c, __l);
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype_byname<char>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = toupper_l(*low, __l);
+    return low;
+}
+
+char
+ctype_byname<char>::do_tolower(char_type c) const
+{
+    return tolower_l(c, __l);
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype_byname<char>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = tolower_l(*low, __l);
+    return low;
+}
+
+// template <> class ctype_byname<wchar_t>
+
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname(const char* name, size_t refs)
+    : ctype<wchar_t>(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name, 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(name));
+}
+
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname(const string& name, size_t refs)
+    : ctype<wchar_t>(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + name);
+}
+
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::~ctype_byname()
+{
+    freelocale(__l);
+}
+
+bool
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_is(mask m, char_type c) const
+{
+    return static_cast<bool>(iswctype_l(c, m, __l));
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_is(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, mask* vec) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++vec)
+    {
+        if (isascii(*low))
+            *vec = static_cast<mask>(_DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype[*low]);
+        else
+        {
+            *vec = 0;
+            if (iswspace_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= space;
+            if (iswprint_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= print;
+            if (iswcntrl_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= cntrl;
+            if (iswupper_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= upper;
+            if (iswlower_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= lower;
+            if (iswalpha_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= alpha;
+            if (iswdigit_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= digit;
+            if (iswpunct_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= punct;
+            if (iswxdigit_l(*low, __l))
+                *vec |= xdigit;
+        }
+    }
+    return low;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_scan_is(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        if (iswctype_l(*low, m, __l))
+            break;
+    return low;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_scan_not(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        if (!iswctype_l(*low, m, __l))
+            break;
+    return low;
+}
+
+wchar_t
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type c) const
+{
+    return towupper_l(c, __l);
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = towupper_l(*low, __l);
+    return low;
+}
+
+wchar_t
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type c) const
+{
+    return towlower_l(c, __l);
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low)
+        *low = towlower_l(*low, __l);
+    return low;
+}
+
+wchar_t
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_widen(char c) const
+{
+    return btowc_l(c, __l);
+}
+
+const char*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_widen(const char* low, const char* high, char_type* dest) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
+        *dest = btowc_l(*low, __l);
+    return low;
+}
+
+char
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_narrow(char_type c, char dfault) const
+{
+    int r = wctob_l(c, __l);
+    return r != WEOF ? static_cast<char>(r) : dfault;
+}
+
+const wchar_t*
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_narrow(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, char dfault, char* dest) const
+{
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
+    {
+        int r = wctob_l(*low, __l);
+        *dest = r != WEOF ? static_cast<char>(r) : dfault;
+    }
+    return low;
+}
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>
+
+locale::id codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::id; 
+
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
+{
+}
+
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type*, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    frm_nxt = frm;
+    to_nxt = to;
+    return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type*, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type*, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    frm_nxt = frm;
+    to_nxt = to;
+    return noconv;
+}
+
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    to_nxt = to;
+    return noconv;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{
+    return 1;
+}
+
+bool
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{
+    return true;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* end, size_t mx) const
+{
+    return static_cast<int>(min<size_t>(mx, end-frm));
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+    return 1;
+}
+
+// template <> class codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>
+
+locale::id codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::id; 
+
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::codecvt(size_t refs)
+    : locale::facet(refs),
+      __l(0)
+{
+}
+
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::codecvt(const char* nm, size_t refs)
+    : locale::facet(refs),
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0))
+{
+    if (__l == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::codecvt_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+}
+
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
+{
+    if (__l != 0)
+        freelocale(__l);
+}
+
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type& st,
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    // look for first internal null in frm
+    const intern_type* fend = frm;
+    for (; fend != frm_end; ++fend)
+        if (*fend == 0)
+            break;
+    // loop over all null-terminated sequences in frm
+    to_nxt = to;
+    for (frm_nxt = frm; frm != frm_end && to != to_end; frm = frm_nxt, to = to_nxt)
+    {
+        // save state in case needed to reover to_nxt on error
+        mbstate_t save_state = st;
+        size_t n = wcsnrtombs_l(to, &frm_nxt, fend-frm, to_end-to, &st, __l);
+        if (n == size_t(-1))
+        {
+            // need to recover to_nxt
+            for (to_nxt = to; frm != frm_nxt; ++frm)
+            {
+                n = wcrtomb_l(to_nxt, *frm, &save_state, __l);
+                if (n == size_t(-1))
+                    break;
+                to_nxt += n;
+            }
+            frm_nxt = frm;
+            return error;
+        }
+        if (n == 0)
+            return partial;
+        to_nxt += n;
+        if (to_nxt == to_end)
+            break;
+        if (fend != frm_end)  // set up next null terminated sequence
+        {
+            // Try to write the terminating null
+            extern_type tmp[MB_LEN_MAX];
+            n = wcrtomb_l(tmp, intern_type(), &st, __l);
+            if (n == size_t(-1))  // on error
+                return error;
+            if (n > to_end-to_nxt)  // is there room?
+                return partial;
+            for (extern_type* p = tmp; n; --n)  // write it
+                *to_nxt++ = *p++;
+            ++frm_nxt;
+            // look for next null in frm
+            for (fend = frm_nxt; fend != frm_end; ++fend)
+                if (*fend == 0)
+                    break;
+        }
+    }
+    return frm_nxt == frm_end ? ok : partial;
+}
+
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type& st,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    // look for first internal null in frm
+    const extern_type* fend = frm;
+    for (; fend != frm_end; ++fend)
+        if (*fend == 0)
+            break;
+    // loop over all null-terminated sequences in frm
+    to_nxt = to;
+    for (frm_nxt = frm; frm != frm_end && to != to_end; frm = frm_nxt, to = to_nxt)
+    {
+        // save state in case needed to reover to_nxt on error
+        mbstate_t save_state = st;
+        size_t n = mbsnrtowcs_l(to, &frm_nxt, fend-frm, to_end-to, &st, __l);
+        if (n == size_t(-1))
+        {
+            // need to recover to_nxt
+            for (to_nxt = to; frm != frm_nxt; ++to_nxt)
+            {
+                n = mbrtowc_l(to_nxt, frm, fend-frm, &save_state, __l);
+                switch (n)
+                {
+                case 0:
+                    ++frm;
+                    break;
+                case -1:
+                    frm_nxt = frm;
+                    return error;
+                case -2:
+                    frm_nxt = frm;
+                    return partial;
+                default:
+                    frm += n;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            frm_nxt = frm;
+            return frm_nxt == frm_end ? ok : partial;
+        }
+        if (n == 0)
+            return error;
+        to_nxt += n;
+        if (to_nxt == to_end)
+            break;
+        if (fend != frm_end)  // set up next null terminated sequence
+        {
+            // Try to write the terminating null
+            n = mbrtowc_l(to_nxt, frm_nxt, 1, &st, __l);
+            if (n != 0)  // on error
+                return error;
+            ++to_nxt;
+            ++frm_nxt;
+            // look for next null in frm
+            for (fend = frm_nxt; fend != frm_end; ++fend)
+                if (*fend == 0)
+                    break;
+        }
+    }
+    return frm_nxt == frm_end ? ok : partial;
+}
+
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type& st,
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    to_nxt = to;
+    extern_type tmp[MB_LEN_MAX];
+    size_t n = wcrtomb_l(tmp, intern_type(), &st, __l);
+    if (n == size_t(-1) || n == 0)  // on error
+        return error;
+    --n;
+    if (n > to_end-to_nxt)  // is there room?
+        return partial;
+    for (extern_type* p = tmp; n; --n)  // write it
+        *to_nxt++ = *p++;
+    return ok;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{
+    if (mbtowc_l(0, 0, MB_LEN_MAX, __l) == 0)
+    {
+        // stateless encoding
+        if (__l == 0 || MB_CUR_MAX_L(__l) == 1)  // there are no known constant length encodings
+            return 1;                // which take more than 1 char to form a wchar_t
+         return 0;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type& st,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
+{
+    int nbytes = 0;
+    for (size_t nwchar_t = 0; nwchar_t < mx && frm != frm_end; ++nwchar_t)
+    {
+        size_t n = mbrlen_l(frm, frm_end-frm, &st, __l);
+        switch (n)
+        {
+        case 0:
+            ++nbytes;
+            ++frm;
+            break;
+        case -1:
+        case -2:
+            return nbytes;
+        default:
+            nbytes += n;
+            frm += n;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return nbytes;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+    return __l == 0 ? 1 : MB_CUR_MAX_L(__l);
+}
+
+//                                     Valid UTF ranges
+//     UTF-32               UTF-16                          UTF-8               # of code points
+//                     first      second       first   second    third   fourth
+// 000000 - 00007F  0000 - 007F               00 - 7F                                 127
+// 000080 - 0007FF  0080 - 07FF               C2 - DF, 80 - BF                       1920
+// 000800 - 000FFF  0800 - 0FFF               E0 - E0, A0 - BF, 80 - BF              2048
+// 001000 - 00CFFF  1000 - CFFF               E1 - EC, 80 - BF, 80 - BF             49152
+// 00D000 - 00D7FF  D000 - D7FF               ED - ED, 80 - 9F, 80 - BF              2048
+// 00D800 - 00DFFF                invalid
+// 00E000 - 00FFFF  E000 - FFFF               EE - EF, 80 - BF, 80 - BF              8192
+// 010000 - 03FFFF  D800 - D8BF, DC00 - DFFF  F0 - F0, 90 - BF, 80 - BF, 80 - BF   196608
+// 040000 - 0FFFFF  D8C0 - DBBF, DC00 - DFFF  F1 - F3, 80 - BF, 80 - BF, 80 - BF   786432
+// 100000 - 10FFFF  DBC0 - DBFF, DC00 - DFFF  F4 - F4, 80 - 8F, 80 - BF, 80 - BF    65536
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>
+
+locale::id codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::id; 
+
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
+{
+}
+
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&,
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    for (frm_nxt = frm, to_nxt = to; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
+    {
+        intern_type wc1 = *frm_nxt;
+        if (wc1 < 0x0080)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(wc1);
+        }
+        else if (wc1 < 0x0800)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xC0 | (wc1 >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | (wc1 & 0x03F));
+        }
+        else if (wc1 < 0xD800)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xE0 |  (wc1 >> 12));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0FC0) >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 |  (wc1 & 0x003F));
+        }
+        else if (wc1 < 0xDC00)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            intern_type wc2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            if ((wc2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)
+                return error;
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4)
+                return partial;
+            ++frm_nxt;
+            unsigned char z = ((wc1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xF0 | (z >> 2));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((z & 0x03) << 4)     | ((wc1 & 0x003C) >> 2));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0003) << 4) | ((wc2 & 0x03C0) >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 |  (wc2 & 0x003F));
+        }
+        else if (wc1 < 0xE000)
+        {
+            return error;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xE0 |  (wc1 >> 12));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0FC0) >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 |  (wc1 & 0x003F));
+        }
+    }
+    return ok;
+}
+
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    for (frm_nxt = frm, to_nxt = to; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
+    {
+        unsigned char c1 = static_cast<unsigned char>(*frm_nxt);
+        if (c1 < 0x80)
+        {
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(c1);
+            ++frm_nxt;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
+        {
+            return error;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                return error;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6)
+                                              | (c2 & 0x3F));
+            frm_nxt += 2;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
+                return partial;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xE0:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            case 0xED:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                return error;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(((c1 & 0x0F) << 12)
+                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 6)
+                                             |  (c3 & 0x3F));
+            frm_nxt += 3;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
+                return partial;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            unsigned char c4 = frm_nxt[3];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xF0:
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            case 0xF4:
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                return error;
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(
+                    0xD800
+                  | (((((c1 & 0x07) << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4)) - 1) << 6)
+                  | ((c2 & 0x0F) << 2)
+                  | ((c3 & 0x30) >> 4));
+            *++to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(
+                    0xDC00
+                  | ((c3 & 0x0F) << 6)
+                  |  (c4 & 0x3F));
+            frm_nxt += 4;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return error;
+        }
+    }
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? partial : ok;
+}
+
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    to_nxt = to;
+    return noconv;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
+{
+    const extern_type* frm_nxt = frm;
+    for (size_t nchar16_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end && nchar16_t < mx; ++nchar16_t)
+    {
+        unsigned char c1 = static_cast<unsigned char>(*frm_nxt);
+        if (c1 < 0x80)
+        {
+            ++frm_nxt;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
+        {
+            if ((frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) || (frm_nxt[1] & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                break;
+            frm_nxt += 2;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
+                break;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xE0:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                break;
+            case 0xED:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                break;
+            frm_nxt += 3;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4 || mx-nchar16_t < 2)
+                break;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            unsigned char c4 = frm_nxt[3];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xF0:
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            case 0xF4:
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                break;
+            ++nchar16_t;
+            frm_nxt += 4;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+    return 4;
+}
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>
+
+locale::id codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::id; 
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
+{
+}
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&,
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    for (frm_nxt = frm, to_nxt = to; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
+    {
+        intern_type wc = *frm_nxt;
+        if ((wc & 0xFFFFF800) == 0x00D800 || wc >= 0x110000)
+            return error;
+        if (wc < 0x000080)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(wc);
+        }
+        else if (wc < 0x000800)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xC0 | (wc >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | (wc & 0x03F));
+        }
+        else if (wc < 0x010000)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xE0 |  (wc >> 12));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x0FC0) >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 |  (wc & 0x003F));
+        }
+        else // if (wc < 0x110000)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0xF0 |  (wc >> 18));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x03F000) >> 12));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x000FC0) >> 6));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(0x80 |  (wc & 0x00003F));
+        }
+    }
+    return ok;
+}
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    for (frm_nxt = frm, to_nxt = to; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
+    {
+        unsigned char c1 = static_cast<unsigned char>(*frm_nxt);
+        if (c1 < 0x80)
+        {
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(c1);
+            ++frm_nxt;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
+        {
+            return error;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                return error;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6)
+                                              | (c2 & 0x3F));
+            frm_nxt += 2;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
+                return partial;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xE0:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            case 0xED:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                return error;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(((c1 & 0x0F) << 12)
+                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 6)
+                                             |  (c3 & 0x3F));
+            frm_nxt += 3;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
+                return partial;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            unsigned char c4 = frm_nxt[3];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xF0:
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            case 0xF4:
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return error;
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                return error;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(((c1 & 0x07) << 18)
+                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 12)
+                                             | ((c3 & 0x3F) << 6)
+                                             |  (c4 & 0x3F));
+            frm_nxt += 4;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return error;
+        }
+    }
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? partial : ok;
+}
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    to_nxt = to;
+    return noconv;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
+{
+    const extern_type* frm_nxt = frm;
+    for (size_t nchar32_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end && nchar32_t < mx; ++nchar32_t)
+    {
+        unsigned char c1 = static_cast<unsigned char>(*frm_nxt);
+        if (c1 < 0x80)
+        {
+            ++frm_nxt;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
+        {
+            if ((frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) || ((frm_nxt[1] & 0xC0) != 0x80))
+                break;
+            frm_nxt += 2;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
+                break;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xE0:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                break;
+            case 0xED:
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                break;
+            frm_nxt += 3;
+        }
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
+                break;
+            unsigned char c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            unsigned char c3 = frm_nxt[2];
+            unsigned char c4 = frm_nxt[3];
+            switch (c1)
+            {
+            case 0xF0:
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            case 0xF4:
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            default:
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+                 break;
+            }
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                break;
+            frm_nxt += 4;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+    return 4;
+}
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>
+
+locale::id codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::id; 
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
+{
+}
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&,
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    for (frm_nxt = frm, to_nxt = to; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
+    {
+        intern_type wc = *frm_nxt;
+        if ((wc & 0xFFFFF800) == 0x00D800 || wc >= 0x110000)
+            return error;
+        if (wc < 0x010000)
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(wc);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(
+                    0xD800
+                  | ((((wc & 0x1F0000) >> 16) - 1) << 6)
+                  |   ((wc & 0x00FC00) >> 10));
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<extern_type>(
+                    0xDC00
+                  | (wc & 0x03FF));
+        }
+    }
+    return ok;
+}
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    for (frm_nxt = frm, to_nxt = to; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
+    {
+        extern_type c1 = *frm_nxt;
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00)
+            return error;
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) != 0xD800)
+        {
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(c1);
+            ++frm_nxt;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
+                return partial;
+            extern_type c2 = frm_nxt[1];
+            if ((c2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)
+                return error;
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<intern_type>(
+                    ((((c1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1) << 16)
+                  |   ((c1 & 0x003F) << 10)
+                  |    (c2 & 0x03FF));
+            frm_nxt += 2;
+        }
+    }
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? partial : ok;
+}
+
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::result
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
+{
+    to_nxt = to;
+    return noconv;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const throw()
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const throw()
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
+{
+    const extern_type* frm_nxt = frm;
+    for (size_t nchar32_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end && nchar32_t < mx; ++nchar32_t)
+    {
+        extern_type c1 = *frm_nxt;
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00)
+            break;
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) != 0xD800)
+        {
+            ++frm_nxt;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if ((frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) || (frm_nxt[1] & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)
+                break;
+            frm_nxt += 2;
+        }
+    }
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
+}
+
+int
+codecvt<char32_t, char16_t, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const throw()
+{
+    return 2;
+}
+
+// __narrow_to_utf8<16>
+
+__narrow_to_utf8<16>::~__narrow_to_utf8()
+{
+}
+
+// __narrow_to_utf8<32>
+
+__narrow_to_utf8<32>::~__narrow_to_utf8()
+{
+}
+
+// __widen_from_utf8<16>
+
+__widen_from_utf8<16>::~__widen_from_utf8()
+{
+}
+
+// __widen_from_utf8<32>
+
+__widen_from_utf8<32>::~__widen_from_utf8()
+{
+}
+
+// numpunct<char> && numpunct<wchar_t>
+
+locale::id numpunct< char  >::id;
+locale::id numpunct<wchar_t>::id;
+
+numpunct<char>::numpunct(size_t refs)
+    : locale::facet(refs),
+      __decimal_point_('.'),
+      __thousands_sep_(',')
+{
+}
+
+numpunct<wchar_t>::numpunct(size_t refs)
+    : locale::facet(refs),
+      __decimal_point_(L'.'),
+      __thousands_sep_(L',')
+{
+}
+
+numpunct<char>::~numpunct()
+{
+}
+
+numpunct<wchar_t>::~numpunct()
+{
+}
+
+ char   numpunct< char  >::do_decimal_point() const {return __decimal_point_;}
+wchar_t numpunct<wchar_t>::do_decimal_point() const {return __decimal_point_;}
+
+ char   numpunct< char  >::do_thousands_sep() const {return __thousands_sep_;}
+wchar_t numpunct<wchar_t>::do_thousands_sep() const {return __thousands_sep_;}
+
+string numpunct< char  >::do_grouping() const {return __grouping_;}
+string numpunct<wchar_t>::do_grouping() const {return __grouping_;}
+
+ string numpunct< char  >::do_truename() const {return "true";}
+wstring numpunct<wchar_t>::do_truename() const {return L"true";}
+
+ string numpunct< char  >::do_falsename() const {return "false";}
+wstring numpunct<wchar_t>::do_falsename() const {return L"false";}
+
+// numpunct_byname<char>
+
+numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname(const char* nm, size_t refs)
+    : numpunct<char>(refs)
+{
+    __init(nm);
+}
+
+numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname(const string& nm, size_t refs)
+    : numpunct<char>(refs)
+{
+    __init(nm.c_str());
+}
+
+numpunct_byname<char>::~numpunct_byname()
+{
+}
+
+void
+numpunct_byname<char>::__init(const char* nm)
+{
+    if (strcmp(nm, "C") != 0)
+    {
+        unique_ptr<_xlocale, int(*)(locale_t)>  loc(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0), freelocale);
+        if (loc == 0)
+            throw runtime_error("numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname"
+                                " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+        lconv* lc = localeconv_l(loc.get());
+        if (*lc->decimal_point)
+            __decimal_point_ = *lc->decimal_point;
+        if (*lc->thousands_sep)
+            __thousands_sep_ = *lc->thousands_sep;
+        __grouping_ = lc->grouping;
+        // locallization for truename and falsename is not available
+    }
+}
+
+// numpunct_byname<wchar_t>
+
+numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::numpunct_byname(const char* nm, size_t refs)
+    : numpunct<wchar_t>(refs)
+{
+    __init(nm);
+}
+
+numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::numpunct_byname(const string& nm, size_t refs)
+    : numpunct<wchar_t>(refs)
+{
+    __init(nm.c_str());
+}
+
+numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::~numpunct_byname()
+{
+}
+
+void
+numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::__init(const char* nm)
+{
+    if (strcmp(nm, "C") != 0)
+    {
+        unique_ptr<_xlocale, int(*)(locale_t)>  loc(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0), freelocale);
+        if (loc == 0)
+            throw runtime_error("numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname"
+                                " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+        lconv* lc = localeconv_l(loc.get());
+        if (*lc->decimal_point)
+            __decimal_point_ = *lc->decimal_point;
+        if (*lc->thousands_sep)
+            __thousands_sep_ = *lc->thousands_sep;
+        __grouping_ = lc->grouping;
+        // locallization for truename and falsename is not available
+    }
+}
+
+// num_get helpers
+
+int
+__num_get_base::__get_base(ios_base& iob)
+{
+    ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = iob.flags() & ios_base::basefield;
+    if (__basefield == ios_base::oct)
+        return 8;
+    else if (__basefield == ios_base::hex)
+        return 16;
+    else if (__basefield == 0)
+        return 0;
+    return 10;
+}
+
+const char __num_get_base::__src[33] = "0123456789abcdefABCDEFxX+-pPiInN";
+
+void
+__check_grouping(const string& __grouping, unsigned* __g, unsigned* __g_end,
+                 ios_base::iostate& __err)
+{
+    if (__grouping.size() != 0)
+    {
+        reverse(__g, __g_end);
+        const char* __ig = __grouping.data();
+        const char* __eg = __ig + __grouping.size();
+        for (unsigned* __r = __g; __r < __g_end-1; ++__r)
+        {
+            if (0 < *__ig && *__ig < numeric_limits<char>::max())
+            {
+                if (*__ig != *__r)
+                {
+                    __err = ios_base::failbit;
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            if (__eg - __ig > 1)
+                ++__ig;
+        }
+        if (0 < *__ig && *__ig < numeric_limits<char>::max())
+        {
+            if (*__ig < __g_end[-1] || __g_end[-1] == 0)
+                __err = ios_base::failbit;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+__num_put_base::__format_int(char* __fmtp, const char* __len, bool __signd,
+                             ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
+{
+    if (__flags & ios_base::showpos)
+        *__fmtp++ = '+';
+    if (__flags & ios_base::showbase)
+        *__fmtp++ = '#';
+    while(*__len)
+        *__fmtp++ = *__len++;
+    if ((__flags & ios_base::basefield) == ios_base::oct)
+        *__fmtp = 'o';
+    else if ((__flags & ios_base::basefield) == ios_base::hex)
+    {
+        if (__flags & ios_base::uppercase)
+            *__fmtp = 'X';
+        else
+            *__fmtp = 'x';
+    }
+    else if (__signd)
+        *__fmtp = 'd';
+    else
+        *__fmtp = 'u';
+}
+
+bool
+__num_put_base::__format_float(char* __fmtp, const char* __len,
+                               ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
+{
+    bool specify_precision = true;
+    if (__flags & ios_base::showpos)
+        *__fmtp++ = '+';
+    if (__flags & ios_base::showpoint)
+        *__fmtp++ = '#';
+    ios_base::fmtflags floatfield = __flags & ios_base::floatfield;
+    bool uppercase = __flags & ios_base::uppercase;
+    if (floatfield == (ios_base::fixed | ios_base::scientific))
+        specify_precision = false;
+    else
+    {
+        *__fmtp++ = '.';
+        *__fmtp++ = '*';
+    }
+    while(*__len)
+        *__fmtp++ = *__len++;
+    if (floatfield == ios_base::fixed)
+    {
+        if (uppercase)
+            *__fmtp = 'F';
+        else
+            *__fmtp = 'f';
+    }
+    else if (floatfield == ios_base::scientific)
+    {
+        if (uppercase)
+            *__fmtp = 'E';
+        else
+            *__fmtp = 'e';
+    }
+    else if (floatfield == (ios_base::fixed | ios_base::scientific))
+    {
+        if (uppercase)
+            *__fmtp = 'A';
+        else
+            *__fmtp = 'a';
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (uppercase)
+            *__fmtp = 'G';
+        else
+            *__fmtp = 'g';
+    }
+    return specify_precision;
+}
+
+char*
+__num_put_base::__identify_padding(char* __nb, char* __ne,
+                                   const ios_base& __iob)
+{
+    switch (__iob.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield)
+    {
+    case ios_base::internal:
+        if (__nb[0] == '-' || __nb[0] == '+')
+            return __nb+1;
+        if (__ne - __nb >= 2 && __nb[0] == '0'
+                            && (__nb[1] == 'x' || __nb[1] == 'X'))
+            return __nb+2;
+        break;
+    case ios_base::left:
+        return __ne;
+    case ios_base::right:
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return __nb;
+}
+
+// time_get
+
+static
+string*
+init_weeks()
+{
+    static string weeks[14];
+    weeks[0]  = "Sunday";
+    weeks[1]  = "Monday";
+    weeks[2]  = "Tuesday";
+    weeks[3]  = "Wednesday";
+    weeks[4]  = "Thursday";
+    weeks[5]  = "Friday";
+    weeks[6]  = "Saturday";
+    weeks[7]  = "Sun";
+    weeks[8]  = "Mon";
+    weeks[9]  = "Tue";
+    weeks[10] = "Wed";
+    weeks[11] = "Thu";
+    weeks[12] = "Fri";
+    weeks[13] = "Sat";
+    return weeks;
+}
+
+static
+wstring*
+init_wweeks()
+{
+    static wstring weeks[14];
+    weeks[0]  = L"Sunday";
+    weeks[1]  = L"Monday";
+    weeks[2]  = L"Tuesday";
+    weeks[3]  = L"Wednesday";
+    weeks[4]  = L"Thursday";
+    weeks[5]  = L"Friday";
+    weeks[6]  = L"Saturday";
+    weeks[7]  = L"Sun";
+    weeks[8]  = L"Mon";
+    weeks[9]  = L"Tue";
+    weeks[10] = L"Wed";
+    weeks[11] = L"Thu";
+    weeks[12] = L"Fri";
+    weeks[13] = L"Sat";
+    return weeks;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string*
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__weeks() const
+{
+    static const string* weeks = init_weeks();
+    return weeks;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring*
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__weeks() const
+{
+    static const wstring* weeks = init_wweeks();
+    return weeks;
+}
+
+static
+string*
+init_months()
+{
+    static string months[24];
+    months[0]  = "January";
+    months[1]  = "February";
+    months[2]  = "March";
+    months[3]  = "April";
+    months[4]  = "May";
+    months[5]  = "June";
+    months[6]  = "July";
+    months[7]  = "August";
+    months[8]  = "September";
+    months[9]  = "October";
+    months[10] = "November";
+    months[11] = "December";
+    months[12] = "Jan";
+    months[13] = "Feb";
+    months[14] = "Mar";
+    months[15] = "Apr";
+    months[16] = "May";
+    months[17] = "Jun";
+    months[18] = "Jul";
+    months[19] = "Aug";
+    months[20] = "Sep";
+    months[21] = "Oct";
+    months[22] = "Nov";
+    months[23] = "Dec";
+    return months;
+}
+
+static
+wstring*
+init_wmonths()
+{
+    static wstring months[24];
+    months[0]  = L"January";
+    months[1]  = L"February";
+    months[2]  = L"March";
+    months[3]  = L"April";
+    months[4]  = L"May";
+    months[5]  = L"June";
+    months[6]  = L"July";
+    months[7]  = L"August";
+    months[8]  = L"September";
+    months[9]  = L"October";
+    months[10] = L"November";
+    months[11] = L"December";
+    months[12] = L"Jan";
+    months[13] = L"Feb";
+    months[14] = L"Mar";
+    months[15] = L"Apr";
+    months[16] = L"May";
+    months[17] = L"Jun";
+    months[18] = L"Jul";
+    months[19] = L"Aug";
+    months[20] = L"Sep";
+    months[21] = L"Oct";
+    months[22] = L"Nov";
+    months[23] = L"Dec";
+    return months;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string*
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__months() const
+{
+    static const string* months = init_months();
+    return months;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring*
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__months() const
+{
+    static const wstring* months = init_wmonths();
+    return months;
+}
+
+static
+string*
+init_am_pm()
+{
+    static string am_pm[24];
+    am_pm[0]  = "AM";
+    am_pm[1]  = "PM";
+    return am_pm;
+}
+
+static
+wstring*
+init_wam_pm()
+{
+    static wstring am_pm[24];
+    am_pm[0]  = L"AM";
+    am_pm[1]  = L"PM";
+    return am_pm;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string*
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__am_pm() const
+{
+    static const string* am_pm = init_am_pm();
+    return am_pm;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring*
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__am_pm() const
+{
+    static const wstring* am_pm = init_wam_pm();
+    return am_pm;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string&
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__x() const
+{
+    static string s("%m/%d/%y");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring&
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__x() const
+{
+    static wstring s(L"%m/%d/%y");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string&
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__X() const
+{
+    static string s("%H:%M:%S");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring&
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__X() const
+{
+    static wstring s(L"%H:%M:%S");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string&
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__c() const
+{
+    static string s("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring&
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__c() const
+{
+    static wstring s(L"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const string&
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__r() const
+{
+    static string s("%I:%M:%S %p");
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <>
+const wstring&
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__r() const
+{
+    static wstring s(L"%I:%M:%S %p");
+    return s;
+}
+
+// time_get_byname
+
+__time_get::__time_get(const char* nm)
+    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0))
+{
+    if (__loc_ == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("time_get_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+}
+
+__time_get::__time_get(const string& nm)
+    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm.c_str(), 0))
+{
+    if (__loc_ == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("time_get_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + nm);
+}
+
+__time_get::~__time_get()
+{
+    freelocale(__loc_);
+}
+
+template <>
+string
+__time_get_storage<char>::__analyze(char fmt, const ctype<char>& ct)
+{
+    tm t;
+    t.tm_sec = 59;
+    t.tm_min = 55;
+    t.tm_hour = 23;
+    t.tm_mday = 31;
+    t.tm_mon = 11;
+    t.tm_year = 161;
+    t.tm_wday = 6;
+    t.tm_yday = 364;
+    t.tm_isdst = -1;
+    char buf[100];
+    char f[3] = {0};
+    f[0] = '%';
+    f[1] = fmt;
+    size_t n = strftime_l(buf, 100, f, &t, __loc_);
+    char* bb = buf;
+    char* be = buf + n;
+    string result;
+    while (bb != be)
+    {
+        if (ct.is(ctype_base::space, *bb))
+        {
+            result.push_back(' ');
+            for (++bb; bb != be && ct.is(ctype_base::space, *bb); ++bb)
+                ;
+            continue;
+        }
+        char* w = bb;
+        ios_base::iostate err = ios_base::goodbit;
+        int i = __scan_keyword(w, be, this->__weeks_, this->__weeks_+14,
+                               ct, err, false)
+                               - this->__weeks_;
+        if (i < 14)
+        {
+            result.push_back('%');
+            if (i < 7)
+                result.push_back('A');
+            else
+                result.push_back('a');
+            bb = w;
+            continue;
+        }
+        w = bb;
+        i = __scan_keyword(w, be, this->__months_, this->__months_+24,
+                           ct, err, false)
+                           - this->__months_;
+        if (i < 24)
+        {
+            result.push_back('%');
+            if (i < 12)
+                result.push_back('B');
+            else
+                result.push_back('b');
+            if (fmt == 'x' && ct.is(ctype_base::digit, this->__months_[i][0]))
+                result.back() = 'm';
+            bb = w;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (this->__am_pm_[0].size() + this->__am_pm_[1].size() > 0)
+        {
+            w = bb;
+            i = __scan_keyword(w, be, this->__am_pm_, this->__am_pm_+2,
+                               ct, err, false) - this->__am_pm_;
+            if (i < 2)
+            {
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('p');
+                bb = w;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        w = bb;
+        if (ct.is(ctype_base::digit, *bb))
+        {
+            switch(__get_up_to_n_digits(bb, be, err, ct, 4))
+            {
+            case 6:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('w');
+                break;
+            case 7:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('u');
+                break;
+            case 11:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('I');
+                break;
+            case 12:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('m');
+                break;
+            case 23:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('H');
+                break;
+            case 31:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('d');
+                break;
+            case 55:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('M');
+                break;
+            case 59:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('S');
+                break;
+            case 61:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('y');
+                break;
+            case 364:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('j');
+                break;
+            case 2061:
+                result.push_back('%');
+                result.push_back('Y');
+                break;
+            default:
+                for (; w != bb; ++w)
+                    result.push_back(*w);
+                break;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (*bb == '%')
+        {
+            result.push_back('%');
+            result.push_back('%');
+            ++bb;
+            continue;
+        }
+        result.push_back(*bb);
+        ++bb;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+wstring
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__analyze(char fmt, const ctype<wchar_t>& ct)
+{
+    tm t;
+    t.tm_sec = 59;
+    t.tm_min = 55;
+    t.tm_hour = 23;
+    t.tm_mday = 31;
+    t.tm_mon = 11;
+    t.tm_year = 161;
+    t.tm_wday = 6;
+    t.tm_yday = 364;
+    t.tm_isdst = -1;
+    char buf[100];
+    char f[3] = {0};
+    f[0] = '%';
+    f[1] = fmt;
+    size_t be = strftime_l(buf, 100, f, &t, __loc_);
+    wchar_t wbuf[100];
+    wchar_t* wbb = wbuf;
+    mbstate_t mb = {0};
+    const char* bb = buf;
+    size_t i = mbsrtowcs_l(wbb, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+    if (i == -1)
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+    wchar_t* wbe = wbb + i;
+    wstring result;
+    while (wbb != wbe)
+    {
+        if (ct.is(ctype_base::space, *wbb))
+        {
+            result.push_back(L' ');
+            for (++wbb; wbb != wbe && ct.is(ctype_base::space, *wbb); ++wbb)
+                ;
+            continue;
+        }
+        wchar_t* w = wbb;
+        ios_base::iostate err = ios_base::goodbit;
+        int i = __scan_keyword(w, wbe, this->__weeks_, this->__weeks_+14,
+                               ct, err, false)
+                               - this->__weeks_;
+        if (i < 14)
+        {
+            result.push_back(L'%');
+            if (i < 7)
+                result.push_back(L'A');
+            else
+                result.push_back(L'a');
+            wbb = w;
+            continue;
+        }
+        w = wbb;
+        i = __scan_keyword(w, wbe, this->__months_, this->__months_+24,
+                           ct, err, false)
+                           - this->__months_;
+        if (i < 24)
+        {
+            result.push_back(L'%');
+            if (i < 12)
+                result.push_back(L'B');
+            else
+                result.push_back(L'b');
+            if (fmt == 'x' && ct.is(ctype_base::digit, this->__months_[i][0]))
+                result.back() = L'm';
+            wbb = w;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (this->__am_pm_[0].size() + this->__am_pm_[1].size() > 0)
+        {
+            w = wbb;
+            i = __scan_keyword(w, wbe, this->__am_pm_, this->__am_pm_+2,
+                               ct, err, false) - this->__am_pm_;
+            if (i < 2)
+            {
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'p');
+                wbb = w;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        w = wbb;
+        if (ct.is(ctype_base::digit, *wbb))
+        {
+            switch(__get_up_to_n_digits(wbb, wbe, err, ct, 4))
+            {
+            case 6:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'w');
+                break;
+            case 7:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'u');
+                break;
+            case 11:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'I');
+                break;
+            case 12:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'm');
+                break;
+            case 23:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'H');
+                break;
+            case 31:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'd');
+                break;
+            case 55:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'M');
+                break;
+            case 59:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'S');
+                break;
+            case 61:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'y');
+                break;
+            case 364:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'j');
+                break;
+            case 2061:
+                result.push_back(L'%');
+                result.push_back(L'Y');
+                break;
+            default:
+                for (; w != wbb; ++w)
+                    result.push_back(*w);
+                break;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (ct.narrow(*wbb, 0) == '%')
+        {
+            result.push_back(L'%');
+            result.push_back(L'%');
+            ++wbb;
+            continue;
+        }
+        result.push_back(*wbb);
+        ++wbb;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+void
+__time_get_storage<char>::init(const ctype<char>& ct)
+{
+    tm t;
+    char buf[100];
+    // __weeks_
+    for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
+    {
+        t.tm_wday = i;
+        strftime_l(buf, 100, "%A", &t, __loc_);
+        __weeks_[i] = buf;
+        strftime_l(buf, 100, "%a", &t, __loc_);
+        __weeks_[i+7] = buf;
+    }
+    // __months_
+    for (int i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
+    {
+        t.tm_mon = i;
+        strftime_l(buf, 100, "%B", &t, __loc_);
+        __months_[i] = buf;
+        strftime_l(buf, 100, "%b", &t, __loc_);
+        __months_[i+12] = buf;
+    }
+    // __am_pm_
+    t.tm_hour = 1;
+    strftime_l(buf, 100, "%p", &t, __loc_);
+    __am_pm_[0] = buf;
+    t.tm_hour = 13;
+    strftime_l(buf, 100, "%p", &t, __loc_);
+    __am_pm_[1] = buf;
+    __c_ = __analyze('c', ct);
+    __r_ = __analyze('r', ct);
+    __x_ = __analyze('x', ct);
+    __X_ = __analyze('X', ct);
+}
+
+template <>
+void
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::init(const ctype<wchar_t>& ct)
+{
+    tm t = {0};
+    char buf[100];
+    size_t be;
+    wchar_t wbuf[100];
+    wchar_t* wbe;
+    mbstate_t mb = {0};
+    // __weeks_
+    for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
+    {
+        t.tm_wday = i;
+        be = strftime_l(buf, 100, "%A", &t, __loc_);
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        const char* bb = buf;
+        size_t j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __weeks_[i].assign(wbuf, wbe);
+        be = strftime_l(buf, 100, "%a", &t, __loc_);
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        bb = buf;
+        j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __weeks_[i+7].assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    }
+    // __months_
+    for (int i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
+    {
+        t.tm_mon = i;
+        be = strftime_l(buf, 100, "%B", &t, __loc_);
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        const char* bb = buf;
+        size_t j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __months_[i].assign(wbuf, wbe);
+        be = strftime_l(buf, 100, "%b", &t, __loc_);
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        bb = buf;
+        j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __months_[i+12].assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    }
+    // __am_pm_
+    t.tm_hour = 1;
+    be = strftime_l(buf, 100, "%p", &t, __loc_);
+    mb = mbstate_t();
+    const char* bb = buf;
+    size_t j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+    if (j == -1)
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+    wbe = wbuf + j;
+    __am_pm_[0].assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    t.tm_hour = 13;
+    be = strftime_l(buf, 100, "%p", &t, __loc_);
+    mb = mbstate_t();
+    bb = buf;
+    j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, __loc_);
+    if (j == -1)
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+    wbe = wbuf + j;
+    __am_pm_[1].assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    __c_ = __analyze('c', ct);
+    __r_ = __analyze('r', ct);
+    __x_ = __analyze('x', ct);
+    __X_ = __analyze('X', ct);
+}
+
+template <class CharT>
+struct _LIBCPP_HIDDEN __time_get_temp
+    : public ctype_byname<CharT>
+{
+    explicit __time_get_temp(const char* nm)
+        : ctype_byname<CharT>(nm, 1) {}
+    explicit __time_get_temp(const string& nm)
+        : ctype_byname<CharT>(nm, 1) {}
+};
+
+template <>
+__time_get_storage<char>::__time_get_storage(const char* __nm)
+    : __time_get(__nm)
+{
+    const __time_get_temp<char> ct(__nm);
+    init(ct);
+}
+
+template <>
+__time_get_storage<char>::__time_get_storage(const string& __nm)
+    : __time_get(__nm)
+{
+    const __time_get_temp<char> ct(__nm);
+    init(ct);
+}
+
+template <>
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__time_get_storage(const char* __nm)
+    : __time_get(__nm)
+{
+    const __time_get_temp<wchar_t> ct(__nm);
+    init(ct);
+}
+
+template <>
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__time_get_storage(const string& __nm)
+    : __time_get(__nm)
+{
+    const __time_get_temp<wchar_t> ct(__nm);
+    init(ct);
+}
+
+template <>
+time_base::dateorder
+__time_get_storage<char>::__do_date_order() const
+{
+    unsigned i;
+    for (i = 0; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+        if (__x_[i] == '%')
+            break;
+    ++i;
+    switch (__x_[i])
+    {
+    case 'y':
+    case 'Y':
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+            if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                break;
+        if (i == __x_.size())
+            break;
+        ++i;
+        switch (__x_[i])
+        {
+        case 'm':
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == 'd')
+                return time_base::ymd;
+            break;
+        case 'd':
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == 'm')
+                return time_base::ydm;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case 'm':
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+            if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                break;
+        if (i == __x_.size())
+            break;
+        ++i;
+        if (__x_[i] == 'd')
+        {
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == 'y' || __x_[i] == 'Y')
+                return time_base::mdy;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case 'd':
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+            if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                break;
+        if (i == __x_.size())
+            break;
+        ++i;
+        if (__x_[i] == 'm')
+        {
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == '%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == 'y' || __x_[i] == 'Y')
+                return time_base::dmy;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    return time_base::no_order;
+}
+
+template <>
+time_base::dateorder
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__do_date_order() const
+{
+    unsigned i;
+    for (i = 0; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+        if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+            break;
+    ++i;
+    switch (__x_[i])
+    {
+    case L'y':
+    case L'Y':
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+            if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                break;
+        if (i == __x_.size())
+            break;
+        ++i;
+        switch (__x_[i])
+        {
+        case L'm':
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == L'd')
+                return time_base::ymd;
+            break;
+        case L'd':
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == L'm')
+                return time_base::ydm;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case L'm':
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+            if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                break;
+        if (i == __x_.size())
+            break;
+        ++i;
+        if (__x_[i] == L'd')
+        {
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == L'y' || __x_[i] == L'Y')
+                return time_base::mdy;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case L'd':
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+            if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                break;
+        if (i == __x_.size())
+            break;
+        ++i;
+        if (__x_[i] == L'm')
+        {
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
+                if (__x_[i] == L'%')
+                    break;
+            if (i == __x_.size())
+                break;
+            ++i;
+            if (__x_[i] == L'y' || __x_[i] == L'Y')
+                return time_base::dmy;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    return time_base::no_order;
+}
+
+// time_put
+
+__time_put::__time_put(const char* nm)
+    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0))
+{
+    if (__loc_ == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("time_put_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+}
+
+__time_put::__time_put(const string& nm)
+    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm.c_str(), 0))
+{
+    if (__loc_ == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("time_put_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + nm);
+}
+
+__time_put::~__time_put()
+{
+    if (__loc_)
+        freelocale(__loc_);
+}
+
+void
+__time_put::__do_put(char* __nb, char*& __ne, const tm* __tm,
+                     char __fmt, char __mod) const
+{
+    char fmt[] = {'%', __fmt, __mod, 0};
+    if (__mod != 0)
+        swap(fmt[1], fmt[2]);
+    size_t n = strftime_l(__nb, __ne-__nb, fmt, __tm, __loc_);
+    __ne = __nb + n;
+}
+
+void
+__time_put::__do_put(wchar_t* __wb, wchar_t*& __we, const tm* __tm,
+                     char __fmt, char __mod) const
+{
+    char __nar[100];
+    char* __ne = __nar + 100;
+    __do_put(__nar, __ne, __tm, __fmt, __mod);
+    mbstate_t mb = {0};
+    const char* __nb = __nar;
+    size_t j = mbsrtowcs_l(__wb, &__nb, 100, &mb, __loc_);
+    if (j == -1)
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+    __we = __wb + j;
+}
+
+// moneypunct_byname
+
+static
+void
+__init_pat(money_base::pattern& pat, char cs_precedes, char sep_by_space, char sign_posn)
+{
+    const char sign = static_cast<char>(money_base::sign);
+    const char space = static_cast<char>(money_base::space);
+    const char none = static_cast<char>(money_base::none);
+    const char symbol = static_cast<char>(money_base::symbol);
+    const char value = static_cast<char>(money_base::value);
+    switch (cs_precedes)
+    {
+    case 0:
+        switch (sign_posn)
+        {
+        case 0:
+            pat.field[0] = sign;
+            pat.field[1] = value;
+            pat.field[3] = symbol;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[2] = none;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 1:
+            pat.field[0] = sign;
+            pat.field[3] = symbol;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = value;
+                pat.field[2] = none;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = value;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = value;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            pat.field[0] = value;
+            pat.field[3] = sign;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = none;
+                pat.field[2] = symbol;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = symbol;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = symbol;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            pat.field[0] = value;
+            pat.field[3] = symbol;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = none;
+                pat.field[2] = sign;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = sign;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = sign;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 4:
+            pat.field[0] = value;
+            pat.field[3] = sign;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = none;
+                pat.field[2] = symbol;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = symbol;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = symbol;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    case 1:
+        switch (sign_posn)
+        {
+        case 0:
+            pat.field[0] = sign;
+            pat.field[1] = symbol;
+            pat.field[3] = value;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[2] = none;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 1:
+            pat.field[0] = sign;
+            pat.field[3] = value;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = symbol;
+                pat.field[2] = none;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = symbol;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = symbol;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            pat.field[0] = symbol;
+            pat.field[3] = sign;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = none;
+                pat.field[2] = value;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = value;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = value;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            pat.field[0] = sign;
+            pat.field[3] = value;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = symbol;
+                pat.field[2] = none;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = symbol;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = symbol;
+                return;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 4:
+            pat.field[0] = symbol;
+            pat.field[3] = value;
+            switch (sep_by_space)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                pat.field[1] = sign;
+                pat.field[2] = none;
+                return;
+            case 1:
+                pat.field[1] = sign;
+                pat.field[2] = space;
+                return;
+            case 2:
+                pat.field[1] = space;
+                pat.field[2] = sign;
+                return;
+           default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    pat.field[0] = symbol;
+    pat.field[1] = sign;
+    pat.field[2] = none;
+    pat.field[3] = value;
+}
+
+template<>
+void
+moneypunct_byname<char, false>::init(const char* nm)
+{
+    typedef moneypunct<char, false> base;
+    unique_ptr<_xlocale, int(*)(locale_t)>  loc(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0), freelocale);
+    if (loc == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("moneypunct_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+    lconv* lc = localeconv_l(loc.get());
+    if (*lc->mon_decimal_point)
+        __decimal_point_ = *lc->mon_decimal_point;
+    else
+        __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
+    if (*lc->mon_thousands_sep)
+        __thousands_sep_ = *lc->mon_thousands_sep;
+    else
+        __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
+    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping;
+    __curr_symbol_ = lc->currency_symbol;
+    if (lc->frac_digits != CHAR_MAX)
+        __frac_digits_ = lc->frac_digits;
+    else
+        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits();
+    if (lc->p_sign_posn == 0)
+        __positive_sign_ = "()";
+    else
+        __positive_sign_ = lc->positive_sign;
+    if (lc->n_sign_posn == 0)
+        __negative_sign_ = "()";
+    else
+        __negative_sign_ = lc->negative_sign;
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, lc->p_cs_precedes, lc->p_sep_by_space, lc->p_sign_posn);
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, lc->n_cs_precedes, lc->n_sep_by_space, lc->n_sign_posn);
+}
+
+template<>
+void
+moneypunct_byname<char, true>::init(const char* nm)
+{
+    typedef moneypunct<char, true> base;
+    unique_ptr<_xlocale, int(*)(locale_t)>  loc(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0), freelocale);
+    if (loc == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("moneypunct_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+    lconv* lc = localeconv_l(loc.get());
+    if (*lc->mon_decimal_point)
+        __decimal_point_ = *lc->mon_decimal_point;
+    else
+        __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
+    if (*lc->mon_thousands_sep)
+        __thousands_sep_ = *lc->mon_thousands_sep;
+    else
+        __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
+    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping;
+    __curr_symbol_ = lc->int_curr_symbol;
+    if (lc->int_frac_digits != CHAR_MAX)
+        __frac_digits_ = lc->int_frac_digits;
+    else
+        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits();
+    if (lc->int_p_sign_posn == 0)
+        __positive_sign_ = "()";
+    else
+        __positive_sign_ = lc->positive_sign;
+    if (lc->int_n_sign_posn == 0)
+        __negative_sign_ = "()";
+    else
+        __negative_sign_ = lc->negative_sign;
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, lc->int_p_cs_precedes, lc->int_p_sep_by_space, lc->int_p_sign_posn);
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, lc->int_n_cs_precedes, lc->int_n_sep_by_space, lc->int_n_sign_posn);
+}
+
+template<>
+void
+moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>::init(const char* nm)
+{
+    typedef moneypunct<wchar_t, false> base;
+    unique_ptr<_xlocale, int(*)(locale_t)>  loc(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0), freelocale);
+    if (loc == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("moneypunct_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+    lconv* lc = localeconv_l(loc.get());
+    if (*lc->mon_decimal_point)
+        __decimal_point_ = static_cast<wchar_t>(*lc->mon_decimal_point);
+    else
+        __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
+    if (*lc->mon_thousands_sep)
+        __thousands_sep_ = static_cast<wchar_t>(*lc->mon_thousands_sep);
+    else
+        __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
+    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping;
+    wchar_t wbuf[100];
+    mbstate_t mb = {0};
+    const char* bb = lc->currency_symbol;
+    size_t j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, loc.get());
+    if (j == -1)
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+    wchar_t* wbe = wbuf + j;
+    __curr_symbol_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    if (lc->frac_digits != CHAR_MAX)
+        __frac_digits_ = lc->frac_digits;
+    else
+        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits();
+    if (lc->p_sign_posn == 0)
+        __positive_sign_ = L"()";
+    else
+    {
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        bb = lc->positive_sign;
+        j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, loc.get());
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __positive_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    }
+    if (lc->n_sign_posn == 0)
+        __negative_sign_ = L"()";
+    else
+    {
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        bb = lc->negative_sign;
+        j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, loc.get());
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __negative_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    }
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, lc->p_cs_precedes, lc->p_sep_by_space, lc->p_sign_posn);
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, lc->n_cs_precedes, lc->n_sep_by_space, lc->n_sign_posn);
+}
+
+template<>
+void
+moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>::init(const char* nm)
+{
+    typedef moneypunct<wchar_t, true> base;
+    unique_ptr<_xlocale, int(*)(locale_t)>  loc(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0), freelocale);
+    if (loc == 0)
+        throw runtime_error("moneypunct_byname"
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
+    lconv* lc = localeconv_l(loc.get());
+    if (*lc->mon_decimal_point)
+        __decimal_point_ = static_cast<wchar_t>(*lc->mon_decimal_point);
+    else
+        __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
+    if (*lc->mon_thousands_sep)
+        __thousands_sep_ = static_cast<wchar_t>(*lc->mon_thousands_sep);
+    else
+        __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
+    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping;
+    wchar_t wbuf[100];
+    mbstate_t mb = {0};
+    const char* bb = lc->int_curr_symbol;
+    size_t j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, loc.get());
+    if (j == -1)
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+    wchar_t* wbe = wbuf + j;
+    __curr_symbol_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    if (lc->int_frac_digits != CHAR_MAX)
+        __frac_digits_ = lc->int_frac_digits;
+    else
+        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits();
+    if (lc->int_p_sign_posn == 0)
+        __positive_sign_ = L"()";
+    else
+    {
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        bb = lc->positive_sign;
+        j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, loc.get());
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __positive_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    }
+    if (lc->int_n_sign_posn == 0)
+        __negative_sign_ = L"()";
+    else
+    {
+        mb = mbstate_t();
+        bb = lc->negative_sign;
+        j = mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, sizeof(wbuf)/sizeof(wbuf[0]), &mb, loc.get());
+        if (j == -1)
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+        wbe = wbuf + j;
+        __negative_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
+    }
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, lc->int_p_cs_precedes, lc->int_p_sep_by_space, lc->int_p_sign_posn);
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, lc->int_n_cs_precedes, lc->int_n_sep_by_space, lc->int_n_sign_posn);
+}
+
+void __do_nothing(void*) {}
+
+void __throw_runtime_error(const char* msg)
+{
+    throw runtime_error(msg);
+}
+
+template class collate<char>;
+template class collate<wchar_t>;
+
+template class num_get<char>;
+template class num_get<wchar_t>;
+
+template class __num_get<char>;
+template class __num_get<wchar_t>;
+
+template class num_put<char>;
+template class num_put<wchar_t>;
+
+template class __num_put<char>;
+template class __num_put<wchar_t>;
+
+template class time_get<char>;
+template class time_get<wchar_t>;
+
+template class time_get_byname<char>;
+template class time_get_byname<wchar_t>;
+
+template class time_put<char>;
+template class time_put<wchar_t>;
+
+template class time_put_byname<char>;
+template class time_put_byname<wchar_t>;
+
+template class moneypunct<char, false>;
+template class moneypunct<char, true>;
+template class moneypunct<wchar_t, false>;
+template class moneypunct<wchar_t, true>;
+
+template class moneypunct_byname<char, false>;
+template class moneypunct_byname<char, true>;
+template class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>;
+template class moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>;
+
+template class money_get<char>;
+template class money_get<wchar_t>;
+
+template class __money_get<char>;
+template class __money_get<wchar_t>;
+
+template class money_put<char>;
+template class money_put<wchar_t>;
+
+template class __money_put<char>;
+template class __money_put<wchar_t>;
+
+template class messages<char>;
+template class messages<wchar_t>;
+
+template class messages_byname<char>;
+template class messages_byname<wchar_t>;
+
+template class codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>;
+template class codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>;
+template class codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>;
+template class codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>;
+
+template class __vector_base_common<true>;
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/memory.cpp b/src/memory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1970598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/memory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+//===------------------------ memory.cpp ----------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "memory"
+#include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+namespace
+{
+
+template <class T>
+inline
+typename enable_if
+<
+    sizeof(T) * __CHAR_BIT__ == 32,
+    T
+>::type
+increment(T& t)
+{
+    return OSAtomicIncrement32Barrier((volatile int32_t*)&t);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline
+typename enable_if
+<
+    sizeof(T) * __CHAR_BIT__ == 32,
+    T
+>::type
+decrement(T& t)
+{
+    return OSAtomicDecrement32Barrier((volatile int32_t*)&t);
+}
+
+#ifndef __ppc__
+
+template <class T>
+inline
+typename enable_if
+<
+    sizeof(T) * __CHAR_BIT__ == 64,
+    T
+>::type
+increment(T& t)
+{
+    return OSAtomicIncrement64Barrier((volatile int64_t*)&t);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline
+typename enable_if
+<
+    sizeof(T) * __CHAR_BIT__ == 64,
+    T
+>::type
+decrement(T& t)
+{
+    return OSAtomicDecrement64Barrier((volatile int64_t*)&t);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+const allocator_arg_t allocator_arg = allocator_arg_t();
+
+bad_weak_ptr::~bad_weak_ptr() throw() {}
+
+const char*
+bad_weak_ptr::what() const throw()
+{
+    return "bad_weak_ptr";
+}
+
+__shared_count::~__shared_count()
+{
+}
+
+void
+__shared_count::__add_shared()
+{
+    increment(__shared_owners_);
+}
+
+void
+__shared_count::__release_shared()
+{
+    if (decrement(__shared_owners_) == -1)
+        __on_zero_shared();
+}
+
+__shared_weak_count::~__shared_weak_count()
+{
+}
+
+void
+__shared_weak_count::__add_shared()
+{
+    __shared_count::__add_shared();
+    __add_weak();
+}
+
+void
+__shared_weak_count::__add_weak()
+{
+    increment(__shared_weak_owners_);
+}
+
+void
+__shared_weak_count::__release_shared()
+{
+    __shared_count::__release_shared();
+    __release_weak();
+}
+
+void
+__shared_weak_count::__release_weak()
+{
+    if (decrement(__shared_weak_owners_) == -1)
+        __on_zero_shared_weak();
+}
+
+__shared_weak_count*
+__shared_weak_count::lock()
+{
+    long object_owners = __shared_owners_;
+    while (object_owners != -1)
+    {
+        if (OSAtomicCompareAndSwapLongBarrier(object_owners,
+                                              object_owners+1,
+                                              &__shared_owners_))
+        {
+            __add_weak();
+            return this;
+        }
+        object_owners = __shared_owners_;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+const void*
+__shared_weak_count::__get_deleter(const type_info&) const
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void
+declare_reachable(void*)
+{
+}
+
+void
+declare_no_pointers(char*, size_t)
+{
+}
+
+void
+undeclare_no_pointers(char*, size_t)
+{
+}
+
+pointer_safety
+get_pointer_safety()
+{
+    return pointer_safety::relaxed;
+}
+
+void*
+__undeclare_reachable(void* p)
+{
+    return p;
+}
+
+void*
+align(size_t alignment, size_t size, void*& ptr, size_t& space)
+{
+    void* r = nullptr;
+    if (size <= space)
+    {
+        char* p1 = static_cast<char*>(ptr);
+        char* p2 = (char*)((size_t)(p1 + (alignment - 1)) & -alignment);
+        ptrdiff_t d = p2 - p1;
+        if (d <= space - size)
+        {
+            r = p2;
+            ptr = r;
+            space -= d;
+        }
+    }
+    return r;
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/mutex.cpp b/src/mutex.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26f2298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mutex.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+//===------------------------- mutex.cpp ----------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "mutex"
+#include "limits"
+#include "system_error"
+#include "cassert"
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+const defer_lock_t  defer_lock = {};
+const try_to_lock_t try_to_lock = {};
+const adopt_lock_t  adopt_lock = {};
+
+mutex::~mutex()
+{
+    int e = pthread_mutex_destroy(&__m_);
+//     assert(e == 0);
+}
+
+void
+mutex::lock()
+{
+    int ec = pthread_mutex_lock(&__m_);
+    if (ec)
+        __throw_system_error(ec, "mutex lock failed");
+}
+
+bool
+mutex::try_lock()
+{
+    return pthread_mutex_trylock(&__m_) == 0;
+}
+
+void
+mutex::unlock()
+{
+    int ec = pthread_mutex_unlock(&__m_);
+    assert(ec == 0);
+}
+
+// recursive_mutex
+
+recursive_mutex::recursive_mutex()
+{
+    pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
+    int ec = pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
+    if (ec)
+        goto fail;
+    ec = pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
+    if (ec)
+    {
+        pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    ec = pthread_mutex_init(&__m_, &attr);
+    if (ec)
+    {
+        pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    ec = pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);
+    if (ec)
+    {
+        pthread_mutex_destroy(&__m_);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    return;
+fail:
+    __throw_system_error(ec, "recursive_mutex constructor failed");
+}
+
+recursive_mutex::~recursive_mutex()
+{
+    int e = pthread_mutex_destroy(&__m_);
+    assert(e == 0);
+}
+
+void
+recursive_mutex::lock()
+{
+    int ec = pthread_mutex_lock(&__m_);
+    if (ec)
+        __throw_system_error(ec, "recursive_mutex lock failed");
+}
+
+void
+recursive_mutex::unlock()
+{
+    int e = pthread_mutex_unlock(&__m_);
+    assert(e == 0);
+}
+
+bool
+recursive_mutex::try_lock()
+{
+    return pthread_mutex_trylock(&__m_) == 0;
+}
+
+// timed_mutex
+
+timed_mutex::timed_mutex()
+    : __locked_(false)
+{
+}
+
+timed_mutex::~timed_mutex()
+{
+    lock_guard<mutex> _(__m_);
+}
+
+void
+timed_mutex::lock()
+{
+    unique_lock<mutex> lk(__m_);
+    while (__locked_)
+        __cv_.wait(lk);
+    __locked_ = true;
+}
+
+bool
+timed_mutex::try_lock()
+{
+    unique_lock<mutex> lk(__m_, try_to_lock);
+    if (lk.owns_lock() && !__locked_)
+    {
+        __locked_ = true;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void
+timed_mutex::unlock()
+{
+    lock_guard<mutex> _(__m_);
+    __locked_ = false;
+    __cv_.notify_one();
+}
+
+// recursive_timed_mutex
+
+recursive_timed_mutex::recursive_timed_mutex()
+    : __count_(0),
+      __id_(nullptr)
+{
+}
+
+recursive_timed_mutex::~recursive_timed_mutex()
+{
+    lock_guard<mutex> _(__m_);
+}
+
+void
+recursive_timed_mutex::lock()
+{
+    pthread_t id = pthread_self();
+    unique_lock<mutex> lk(__m_);
+    if (pthread_equal(id, __id_))
+    {
+        if (__count_ == numeric_limits<size_t>::max())
+            __throw_system_error(EAGAIN, "recursive_timed_mutex lock limit reached");
+        ++__count_;
+        return;
+    }
+    while (__count_ != 0)
+        __cv_.wait(lk);
+    __count_ = 1;
+    __id_ = id;
+}
+
+bool
+recursive_timed_mutex::try_lock()
+{
+    pthread_t id = pthread_self();
+    unique_lock<mutex> lk(__m_, try_to_lock);
+    if (lk.owns_lock() && (__count_ == 0 || pthread_equal(id, __id_)))
+    {
+        if (__count_ == numeric_limits<size_t>::max())
+            return false;
+        ++__count_;
+        __id_ = id;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void
+recursive_timed_mutex::unlock()
+{
+    unique_lock<mutex> lk(__m_);
+    if (--__count_ == 0)
+    {
+        __id_ = nullptr;
+        lk.unlock();
+        __cv_.notify_one();
+    }
+}
+
+// If dispatch_once_f ever handles C++ exceptions, and if one can get to it
+// without illegal macros (unexpected macros not beginning with _UpperCase or
+// __lowercase), and if it stops spinning waiting threads, then call_once should
+// call into dispatch_once_f instead of here. Relevant radar this code needs to
+// keep in sync with:  7741191.
+
+static pthread_mutex_t mut = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+static pthread_cond_t  cv  = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
+
+void
+__call_once(volatile unsigned long& flag, void* arg, void(*func)(void*))
+{
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&mut);
+    while (flag == 1)
+        pthread_cond_wait(&cv, &mut);
+    if (flag == 0)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            flag = 1;
+            pthread_mutex_unlock(&mut);
+            func(arg);
+            pthread_mutex_lock(&mut);
+            flag = ~0ul;
+            pthread_mutex_unlock(&mut);
+            pthread_cond_broadcast(&cv);
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            pthread_mutex_lock(&mut);
+            flag = 0ul;
+            pthread_mutex_unlock(&mut);
+            pthread_cond_signal(&cv);
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mut);
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/new.cpp b/src/new.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ab199b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/new.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//===--------------------------- new.cpp ----------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "new"
+
+namespace std
+{
+
+bad_array_new_length::~bad_array_new_length() throw()
+{
+}
+
+const char*
+bad_array_new_length::what() const throw()
+{
+    return "bad_array_new_length";
+}
+
+void
+__throw_bad_alloc()
+{
+    throw bad_alloc();
+}
+
+}  // std
diff --git a/src/random.cpp b/src/random.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..269a597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/random.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+//===-------------------------- random.cpp --------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "random"
+#include "system_error"
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+random_device::random_device(const string& __token)
+    : __f_(open(__token.c_str(), O_RDONLY))
+{
+    if (__f_ <= 0)
+        __throw_system_error(errno, ("random_device failed to open " + __token).c_str());
+}
+
+random_device::~random_device()
+{
+    close(__f_);
+}
+
+unsigned
+random_device::operator()()
+{
+    unsigned r;
+    read(__f_, &r, sizeof(r));
+    return r;
+}
+
+double
+random_device::entropy() const
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/stdexcept.cpp b/src/stdexcept.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e936188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/stdexcept.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+//===------------------------ stdexcept.cpp -------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "stdexcept"
+#include "new"
+#include "string"
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include "system_error"
+#include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
+
+// Note:  optimize for size
+
+#pragma GCC visibility push(hidden)
+
+namespace
+{
+
+class __libcpp_nmstr
+{
+private:
+    const char* str_;
+
+    typedef std::size_t unused_t;
+    typedef std::int32_t count_t;
+
+    static const std::ptrdiff_t offset = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(2*sizeof(unused_t) +
+                                                                       sizeof(count_t));
+
+    count_t& count() const throw() {return (count_t&)(*(str_ - sizeof(count_t)));}
+public:
+    explicit __libcpp_nmstr(const char* msg);
+    __libcpp_nmstr(const __libcpp_nmstr& s) _LIBCPP_CANTTHROW;
+    __libcpp_nmstr& operator=(const __libcpp_nmstr& s) _LIBCPP_CANTTHROW;
+    ~__libcpp_nmstr() _LIBCPP_CANTTHROW;
+    const char* c_str() const throw() {return str_;}
+};
+
+__libcpp_nmstr::__libcpp_nmstr(const char* msg)
+{
+    std::size_t len = strlen(msg);
+    str_ = new char[len + 1 + offset];
+    unused_t* c = (unused_t*)str_;
+    c[0] = c[1] = len;
+    str_ += offset;
+    count() = 0;
+    std::strcpy(const_cast<char*>(c_str()), msg);
+}
+
+inline
+__libcpp_nmstr::__libcpp_nmstr(const __libcpp_nmstr& s)
+    : str_(s.str_)
+{
+    OSAtomicIncrement32Barrier(&count());
+}
+
+__libcpp_nmstr&
+__libcpp_nmstr::operator=(const __libcpp_nmstr& s)
+{
+    const char* p = str_;
+    str_ = s.str_;
+    OSAtomicIncrement32Barrier(&count());
+    if (OSAtomicDecrement32((count_t*)(p-sizeof(count_t))) < 0)
+        delete [] (p-offset);
+    return *this;
+}
+
+inline
+__libcpp_nmstr::~__libcpp_nmstr()
+{
+    if (OSAtomicDecrement32(&count()) < 0)
+        delete [] (str_ - offset);
+}
+
+}
+
+#pragma GCC visiblity pop
+
+namespace std  // purposefully not using versioning namespace
+{
+
+logic_error::logic_error(const string& msg)
+{
+    __libcpp_nmstr& s = (__libcpp_nmstr&)__imp_;
+    ::new(&s) __libcpp_nmstr(msg.c_str());
+}
+
+logic_error::logic_error(const char* msg)
+{
+    __libcpp_nmstr& s = (__libcpp_nmstr&)__imp_;
+    ::new(&s) __libcpp_nmstr(msg);
+}
+
+logic_error::logic_error(const logic_error& le) throw()
+{
+    __libcpp_nmstr& s = (__libcpp_nmstr&)__imp_;
+    ::new(&s) __libcpp_nmstr((const __libcpp_nmstr&)le.__imp_);
+}
+
+logic_error&
+logic_error::operator=(const logic_error& le) throw()
+{
+    __libcpp_nmstr& s1 = (__libcpp_nmstr&)__imp_;
+    const __libcpp_nmstr& s2 = (const __libcpp_nmstr&)le.__imp_;
+    s1 = s2;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+logic_error::~logic_error() throw()
+{
+    __libcpp_nmstr& s = (__libcpp_nmstr&)__imp_;
+    s.~__libcpp_nmstr();
+}
+
+const char*
+logic_error::what() const throw()
+{
+    __libcpp_nmstr& s = (__libcpp_nmstr&)__imp_;
+    return s.c_str();
+}
+
+runtime_error::runtime_error(const string& msg)
+{
+    __libcpp_nmstr& s = (__libcpp_nmstr&)__imp_;
+    ::new(&s) __libcpp_nmstr(msg.c_str());
+}
+
+runtime_error::runtime_error(const char* msg)
+{
+    __libcpp_nmstr& s = (__libcpp_nmstr&)__imp_;
+    ::new(&s) __libcpp_nmstr(msg);
+}
+
+runtime_error::runtime_error(const runtime_error& le) throw()
+{
+    __libcpp_nmstr& s = (__libcpp_nmstr&)__imp_;
+    ::new(&s) __libcpp_nmstr((const __libcpp_nmstr&)le.__imp_);
+}
+
+runtime_error&
+runtime_error::operator=(const runtime_error& le) throw()
+{
+    __libcpp_nmstr& s1 = (__libcpp_nmstr&)__imp_;
+    const __libcpp_nmstr& s2 = (const __libcpp_nmstr&)le.__imp_;
+    s1 = s2;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+runtime_error::~runtime_error() throw()
+{
+    __libcpp_nmstr& s = (__libcpp_nmstr&)__imp_;
+    s.~__libcpp_nmstr();
+}
+
+const char*
+runtime_error::what() const throw()
+{
+    __libcpp_nmstr& s = (__libcpp_nmstr&)__imp_;
+    return s.c_str();
+}
+
+domain_error::~domain_error() throw() {}
+invalid_argument::~invalid_argument() throw() {}
+length_error::~length_error() throw() {}
+out_of_range::~out_of_range() throw() {}
+
+range_error::~range_error() throw() {}
+overflow_error::~overflow_error() throw() {}
+underflow_error::~underflow_error() throw() {}
+
+}  // std
diff --git a/src/strstream.cpp b/src/strstream.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3d257e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/strstream.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+//===------------------------ strstream.cpp -------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "strstream"
+#include "algorithm"
+#include "climits"
+#include "cstring"
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+strstreambuf::strstreambuf(streamsize __alsize)
+    : __strmode_(__dynamic),
+      __alsize_(__alsize),
+      __palloc_(nullptr),
+      __pfree_(nullptr)
+{
+}
+
+strstreambuf::strstreambuf(void* (*__palloc)(size_t), void (*__pfree)(void*))
+    : __strmode_(__dynamic),
+      __alsize_(__default_alsize),
+      __palloc_(__palloc),
+      __pfree_(__pfree)
+{
+}
+
+void
+strstreambuf::__init(char* __gnext, streamsize __n, char* __pbeg)
+{
+    if (__n == 0)
+        __n = strlen(__gnext);
+    else if (__n < 0)
+        __n = INT_MAX;
+    if (__pbeg == nullptr)
+        setg(__gnext, __gnext, __gnext + __n);
+    else
+    {
+        setg(__gnext, __gnext, __pbeg);
+        setp(__pbeg, __pbeg + __n);
+    }
+}
+
+strstreambuf::strstreambuf(char* __gnext, streamsize __n, char* __pbeg)
+    : __strmode_(),
+      __alsize_(__default_alsize),
+      __palloc_(nullptr),
+      __pfree_(nullptr)
+{
+    __init(__gnext, __n, __pbeg);
+}
+
+strstreambuf::strstreambuf(const char* __gnext, streamsize __n)
+    : __strmode_(__constant),
+      __alsize_(__default_alsize),
+      __palloc_(nullptr),
+      __pfree_(nullptr)
+{
+    __init((char*)__gnext, __n, nullptr);
+}
+
+strstreambuf::strstreambuf(signed char* __gnext, streamsize __n, signed char* __pbeg)
+    : __strmode_(),
+      __alsize_(__default_alsize),
+      __palloc_(nullptr),
+      __pfree_(nullptr)
+{
+    __init((char*)__gnext, __n, (char*)__pbeg);
+}
+
+strstreambuf::strstreambuf(const signed char* __gnext, streamsize __n)
+    : __strmode_(__constant),
+      __alsize_(__default_alsize),
+      __palloc_(nullptr),
+      __pfree_(nullptr)
+{
+    __init((char*)__gnext, __n, nullptr);
+}
+
+strstreambuf::strstreambuf(unsigned char* __gnext, streamsize __n, unsigned char* __pbeg)
+    : __strmode_(),
+      __alsize_(__default_alsize),
+      __palloc_(nullptr),
+      __pfree_(nullptr)
+{
+    __init((char*)__gnext, __n, (char*)__pbeg);
+}
+
+strstreambuf::strstreambuf(const unsigned char* __gnext, streamsize __n)
+    : __strmode_(__constant),
+      __alsize_(__default_alsize),
+      __palloc_(nullptr),
+      __pfree_(nullptr)
+{
+    __init((char*)__gnext, __n, nullptr);
+}
+
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_MOVE
+
+strstreambuf::strstreambuf(strstreambuf&& __rhs)
+    : streambuf(__rhs),
+      __strmode_(__rhs.__strmode_),
+      __alsize_(__rhs.__alsize_),
+      __palloc_(__rhs.__palloc_),
+      __pfree_(__rhs.__pfree_)
+{
+    __rhs.setg(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+    __rhs.setp(nullptr, nullptr);
+}
+
+strstreambuf&
+strstreambuf::operator=(strstreambuf&& __rhs)
+{
+    if (eback() && (__strmode_ & __allocated) != 0 && (__strmode_ & __frozen) == 0)
+    {
+        if (__pfree_)
+            __pfree_(eback());
+        else
+            delete [] eback();
+    }
+    streambuf::operator=(__rhs);
+    __strmode_ = __rhs.__strmode_;
+    __alsize_ = __rhs.__alsize_;
+    __palloc_ = __rhs.__palloc_;
+    __pfree_ = __rhs.__pfree_;
+    __rhs.setg(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+    __rhs.setp(nullptr, nullptr);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+strstreambuf::~strstreambuf()
+{
+    if (eback() && (__strmode_ & __allocated) != 0 && (__strmode_ & __frozen) == 0)
+    {
+        if (__pfree_)
+            __pfree_(eback());
+        else
+            delete [] eback();
+    }
+}
+
+void
+strstreambuf::swap(strstreambuf& __rhs)
+{
+    streambuf::swap(__rhs);
+    _STD::swap(__strmode_, __rhs.__strmode_);
+    _STD::swap(__alsize_, __rhs.__alsize_);
+    _STD::swap(__palloc_, __rhs.__palloc_);
+    _STD::swap(__pfree_, __rhs.__pfree_);
+}
+
+void
+strstreambuf::freeze(bool __freezefl)
+{
+    if (__strmode_ & __dynamic)
+    {
+        if (__freezefl)
+            __strmode_ |= __frozen;
+        else
+            __strmode_ &= ~__frozen;
+    }
+}
+
+char*
+strstreambuf::str()
+{
+    if (__strmode_ & __dynamic)
+        __strmode_ |= __frozen;
+    return eback();
+}
+
+int
+strstreambuf::pcount() const
+{
+    return static_cast<int>(pptr() - pbase());
+}
+
+strstreambuf::int_type
+strstreambuf::overflow(int_type __c)
+{
+    if (__c == EOF)
+        return int_type(0);
+    if (pptr() == epptr())
+    {
+        if ((__strmode_ & __dynamic) == 0 || (__strmode_ & __frozen) != 0)
+            return int_type(EOF);
+        streamsize old_size = (epptr() ? epptr() : egptr()) - eback();
+        streamsize new_size = max<streamsize>(__alsize_, 2*old_size);
+        char* buf = nullptr;
+        if (__palloc_)
+            buf = static_cast<char*>(__palloc_(new_size));
+        else
+            buf = new char[new_size];
+        if (buf == nullptr)
+            return int_type(EOF);
+        memcpy(buf, eback(), old_size);
+        ptrdiff_t ninp = gptr()  - eback();
+        ptrdiff_t einp = egptr() - eback();
+        ptrdiff_t nout = pptr()  - pbase();
+        ptrdiff_t eout = epptr() - pbase();
+        if (__strmode_ & __allocated)
+        {
+            if (__pfree_)
+                __pfree_(eback());
+            else
+                delete [] eback();
+        }
+        setg(buf, buf + ninp, buf + einp);
+        setp(buf + einp, buf + einp + eout);
+        pbump(nout);
+        __strmode_ |= __allocated;
+    }
+    *pptr() = static_cast<char>(__c);
+    pbump(1);
+    return int_type((unsigned char)__c);
+}
+
+strstreambuf::int_type
+strstreambuf::pbackfail(int_type __c)
+{
+    if (eback() == gptr())
+        return EOF;
+    if (__c == EOF)
+    {
+        gbump(-1);
+        return int_type(0);
+    }
+    if (__strmode_ & __constant)
+    {
+        if (gptr()[-1] == static_cast<char>(__c))
+        {
+            gbump(-1);
+            return __c;
+        }
+        return EOF;
+    }
+    gbump(-1);
+    *gptr() = static_cast<char>(__c);
+    return __c;
+}
+
+strstreambuf::int_type
+strstreambuf::underflow()
+{
+    if (gptr() == egptr())
+    {
+        if (egptr() >= pptr())
+            return EOF;
+        setg(eback(), gptr(), pptr());
+    }
+    return int_type((unsigned char)*gptr());
+}
+
+
+strstreambuf::pos_type
+strstreambuf::seekoff(off_type __off, ios_base::seekdir __way, ios_base::openmode __which)
+{
+    off_type __p(-1);
+    bool pos_in = __which & ios::in;
+    bool pos_out = __which & ios::out;
+    bool legal = false;
+    switch (__way)
+    {
+    case ios::beg:
+    case ios::end:
+        if (pos_in || pos_out)
+            legal = true;
+        break;
+    case ios::cur:
+        if (pos_in != pos_out)
+            legal = true;
+        break;
+    }
+    if (pos_in && gptr() == nullptr)
+        legal = false;
+    if (pos_out && pptr() == nullptr)
+        legal = false;
+    if (legal)
+    {
+        off_type newoff;
+        char* seekhigh = epptr() ? epptr() : egptr();
+        switch (__way)
+        {
+        case ios::beg:
+            newoff = 0;
+            break;
+        case ios::cur:
+            newoff = (pos_in ? gptr() : pptr()) - eback();
+            break;
+        case ios::end:
+            newoff = seekhigh - eback();
+            break;
+        }
+        newoff += __off;
+        if (0 <= newoff && newoff <= seekhigh - eback())
+        {
+            char* newpos = eback() + newoff;
+            if (pos_in)
+                setg(eback(), newpos, max(newpos, egptr()));
+            if (pos_out)
+            {
+                // min(pbase, newpos), newpos, epptr()
+                __off = epptr() - newpos;
+                setp(min(pbase(), newpos), epptr());
+                pbump(static_cast<int>((epptr() - pbase()) - __off));
+            }
+            __p = newoff;
+        }
+    }
+    return pos_type(__p);
+}
+
+
+strstreambuf::pos_type
+strstreambuf::seekpos(pos_type __sp, ios_base::openmode __which)
+{
+    off_type __p(-1);
+    bool pos_in = __which & ios::in;
+    bool pos_out = __which & ios::out;
+    if (pos_in || pos_out)
+    {
+        if (!((pos_in && gptr() == nullptr) || (pos_out && pptr() == nullptr)))
+        {
+            off_type newoff = __sp;
+            char* seekhigh = epptr() ? epptr() : egptr();
+            if (0 <= newoff && newoff <= seekhigh - eback())
+            {
+                char* newpos = eback() + newoff;
+                if (pos_in)
+                    setg(eback(), newpos, max(newpos, egptr()));
+                if (pos_out)
+                {
+                    // min(pbase, newpos), newpos, epptr()
+                    off_type temp = epptr() - newpos;
+                    setp(min(pbase(), newpos), epptr());
+                    pbump(static_cast<int>((epptr() - pbase()) - temp));
+                }
+                __p = newoff;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return pos_type(__p);
+}
+
+istrstream::~istrstream()
+{
+}
+
+ostrstream::~ostrstream()
+{
+}
+
+strstream::~strstream()
+{
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/system_error.cpp b/src/system_error.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa870e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/system_error.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+//===---------------------- system_error.cpp ------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "system_error"
+#include "string"
+#include "cstring"
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+// class error_category
+
+error_category::error_category()
+{
+}
+
+error_category::~error_category()
+{
+}
+
+error_condition
+error_category::default_error_condition(int ev) const
+{
+    return error_condition(ev, *this);
+}
+
+bool
+error_category::equivalent(int code, const error_condition& condition) const
+{
+    return default_error_condition(code) == condition;
+}
+
+bool
+error_category::equivalent(const error_code& code, int condition) const
+{
+    return *this == code.category() && code.value() == condition;
+}
+
+string
+__do_message::message(int ev) const
+{
+    return string(strerror(ev));
+}
+
+class _LIBCPP_HIDDEN __generic_error_category
+    : public __do_message
+{
+public:
+    virtual const char* name() const;
+    virtual string message(int ev) const;
+};
+
+const char*
+__generic_error_category::name() const
+{
+    return "generic";
+}
+
+string
+__generic_error_category::message(int ev) const
+{
+    if (ev <= ELAST)
+        return __do_message::message(ev);
+    return string("unspecified generic_category error");
+}
+
+const error_category&
+generic_category()
+{
+    static __generic_error_category s;
+    return s;
+}
+
+class _LIBCPP_HIDDEN __system_error_category
+    : public __do_message
+{
+public:
+    virtual const char* name() const;
+    virtual string message(int ev) const;
+    virtual error_condition default_error_condition(int ev) const;
+};
+
+const char*
+__system_error_category::name() const
+{
+    return "system";
+}
+
+string
+__system_error_category::message(int ev) const
+{
+    if (ev <= ELAST)
+        return __do_message::message(ev);
+    return string("unspecified system_category error");
+}
+
+error_condition
+__system_error_category::default_error_condition(int ev) const
+{
+    if (ev <= ELAST)
+        return error_condition(ev, generic_category());
+    return error_condition(ev, system_category());
+}
+
+const error_category&
+system_category()
+{
+    static __system_error_category s;
+    return s;
+}
+
+// error_condition
+
+string
+error_condition::message() const
+{
+    return __cat_->message(__val_);
+}
+
+// error_code
+
+string
+error_code::message() const
+{
+    return __cat_->message(__val_);
+}
+
+// system_error
+
+string
+system_error::__init(const error_code& ec, string what_arg)
+{
+    if (ec)
+    {
+        if (!what_arg.empty())
+            what_arg += ": ";
+        what_arg += ec.message();
+    }
+    return _STD::move(what_arg);
+}
+
+system_error::system_error(error_code ec, const string& what_arg)
+    : runtime_error(__init(ec, what_arg)),
+      __ec_(ec)
+{
+}
+
+system_error::system_error(error_code ec, const char* what_arg)
+    : runtime_error(__init(ec, what_arg)),
+      __ec_(ec)
+{
+}
+
+system_error::system_error(error_code ec)
+    : runtime_error(__init(ec, "")),
+      __ec_(ec)
+{
+}
+
+system_error::system_error(int ev, const error_category& ecat, const string& what_arg)
+    : runtime_error(__init(error_code(ev, ecat), what_arg)),
+      __ec_(error_code(ev, ecat))
+{
+}
+
+system_error::system_error(int ev, const error_category& ecat, const char* what_arg)
+    : runtime_error(__init(error_code(ev, ecat), what_arg)),
+      __ec_(error_code(ev, ecat))
+{
+}
+
+system_error::system_error(int ev, const error_category& ecat)
+    : runtime_error(__init(error_code(ev, ecat), "")),
+      __ec_(error_code(ev, ecat))
+{
+}
+
+system_error::~system_error() throw()
+{
+}
+
+void
+__throw_system_error(int ev, const char* what_arg)
+{
+    throw system_error(error_code(ev, system_category()), what_arg);
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/thread.cpp b/src/thread.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce39187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/thread.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+//===------------------------- thread.cpp----------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "thread"
+#include "exception"
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+thread::~thread()
+{
+    if (__t_ != nullptr)
+        terminate();
+}
+
+void
+thread::join()
+{
+    int ec = pthread_join(__t_, 0);
+    if (ec)
+        throw system_error(error_code(ec, system_category()), "thread::join failed");
+    __t_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+void
+thread::detach()
+{
+    int ec = EINVAL;
+    if (__t_ != 0)
+    {
+        ec = pthread_detach(__t_);
+        if (ec == 0)
+            __t_ = 0;
+    }
+    if (ec)
+        throw system_error(error_code(ec, system_category()), "thread::detach failed");
+}
+
+unsigned
+thread::hardware_concurrency()
+{
+    int n;
+    int mib[2] = {CTL_HW, HW_NCPU};
+    std::size_t s = sizeof(n);
+    sysctl(mib, 2, &n, &s, 0, 0);
+    return n;
+}
+
+namespace this_thread
+{
+
+void
+sleep_for(const chrono::nanoseconds& ns)
+{
+    using namespace chrono;
+    if (ns >= nanoseconds::zero())
+    {
+        timespec ts;
+        ts.tv_sec = static_cast<decltype(ts.tv_sec)>(duration_cast<seconds>(ns).count());
+        ts.tv_nsec = static_cast<decltype(ts.tv_nsec)>((ns - seconds(ts.tv_sec)).count());
+        nanosleep(&ts, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+}  // this_thread
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/utility.cpp b/src/utility.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81689b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utility.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//===------------------------ utility.cpp ---------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "utility"
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+const piecewise_construct_t piecewise_construct = {};
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
diff --git a/src/valarray.cpp b/src/valarray.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff3406f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/valarray.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+//===------------------------ valarray.cpp --------------------------------===//
+//
+// ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊThe LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "valarray"
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+template valarray<size_t>::valarray(size_t);
+template valarray<size_t>::~valarray();
+template void valarray<size_t>::resize(size_t, size_t);
+
+void
+gslice::__init(size_t __start)
+{
+    valarray<size_t> __indices(__size_.size());
+    size_t __k = __size_.size() != 0;
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __size_.size(); ++__i)
+        __k *= __size_[__i];
+    __1d_.resize(__k);
+    if (__1d_.size())
+    {
+        __k = 0;
+        __1d_[__k] = __start;
+        while (true)
+        {
+            size_t __i = __indices.size() - 1;
+            while (true)
+            {
+                if (++__indices[__i] < __size_[__i])
+                {
+                    ++__k;
+                    __1d_[__k] = __1d_[__k-1] + __stride_[__i];
+                    for (size_t __j = __i + 1; __j != __indices.size(); ++__j)
+                        __1d_[__k] -= __stride_[__j] * (__size_[__j] - 1);
+                    break;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (__i == 0)
+                        return;
+                    __indices[__i--] = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD