[libc++][P0943] Add stdatomic.h header.

* https://wg21.link/P0943
* https://eel.is/c++draft/stdatomic.h.syn

This is a re-application of 5d1c1a24, which was reverted in 987c7f407
because it broke the LLDB build.

Co-authored-by: Marek Kurdej <marek.kurdej@gmail.com>

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D97044

NOKEYCHECK=True
GitOrigin-RevId: 586efd52b93f083d095bf3319da7e42f221c3f4a
diff --git a/docs/FeatureTestMacroTable.rst b/docs/FeatureTestMacroTable.rst
index 4f2ce96..5d82ad2 100644
--- a/docs/FeatureTestMacroTable.rst
+++ b/docs/FeatureTestMacroTable.rst
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@
     ------------------------------------------------- -----------------
     ``__cpp_lib_stacktrace``                          *unimplemented*
     ------------------------------------------------- -----------------
-    ``__cpp_lib_stdatomic_h``                         *unimplemented*
+    ``__cpp_lib_stdatomic_h``                         ``202011L``
     ------------------------------------------------- -----------------
     ``__cpp_lib_string_contains``                     ``202011L``
     ------------------------------------------------- -----------------