[libcxx][iterator] adds `std::ranges::prev`

Implements part of P0896 'The One Ranges Proposal'.
Implements [range.iter.op.prev].

Depends on D102563.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D102564

NOKEYCHECK=True
GitOrigin-RevId: 0dc7fd1bc1670e9f7e58b08b51b478a6334c8b01
diff --git a/include/CMakeLists.txt b/include/CMakeLists.txt
index 0dd1d9c..f752fab 100644
--- a/include/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/include/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
   __iterator/iter_move.h
   __iterator/iterator_traits.h
   __iterator/next.h
+  __iterator/prev.h
   __iterator/readable_traits.h
   __libcpp_version
   __locale
diff --git a/include/__iterator/prev.h b/include/__iterator/prev.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6d2f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/__iterator/prev.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP___ITERATOR_PREV_H
+#define _LIBCPP___ITERATOR_PREV_H
+
+#include <__config>
+#include <__function_like.h>
+#include <__iterator/advance.h>
+#include <__iterator/concepts.h>
+#include <__iterator/incrementable_traits.h>
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
+#pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
+#include <__undef_macros>
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RANGES)
+
+namespace ranges {
+struct __prev_fn final : private __function_like {
+  constexpr explicit __prev_fn(__tag __x) noexcept : __function_like(__x) {}
+
+  template <bidirectional_iterator _Ip>
+  constexpr _Ip operator()(_Ip __x) const {
+    --__x;
+    return __x;
+  }
+
+  template <bidirectional_iterator _Ip>
+  constexpr _Ip operator()(_Ip __x, iter_difference_t<_Ip> __n) const {
+    ranges::advance(__x, -__n);
+    return __x;
+  }
+
+  template <bidirectional_iterator _Ip>
+  constexpr _Ip operator()(_Ip __x, iter_difference_t<_Ip> __n, _Ip __bound) const {
+    ranges::advance(__x, -__n, __bound);
+    return __x;
+  }
+};
+
+inline constexpr auto prev = __prev_fn(__function_like::__tag());
+} // namespace ranges
+
+#endif // !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RANGES)
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP___ITERATOR_PREV_H
diff --git a/include/iterator b/include/iterator
index a094049..8dbcc9d 100644
--- a/include/iterator
+++ b/include/iterator
@@ -489,6 +489,7 @@
 #include <__iterator/iter_move.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/next.h>
+#include <__iterator/prev.h>
 #include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__memory/addressof.h>
 #include <__memory/pointer_traits.h>