[libc++][format] Implements range_formatter

Implements parts of
- P2286R8 Formatting Ranges
- P2585R0 Improving default container formatting

Depends on D140651

Reviewed By: ldionne, #libc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D140653

NOKEYCHECK=True
GitOrigin-RevId: 22e8525dfdd7d78d05ad3873cf94476021e4a08f
30 files changed