Partially inline basic_string::operator=(const basic_string&)

Summary:
This change partially inlines operator=(const basic_string&) where both the input and current instance are short strings, making the assignment a fixed length inlined memcpy.

Assignments where either of the strings are long are delegate to __assign_no_alias<__is_short>(), which is templated for the long / short branch already observed in the caller.

Stable:
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark                                     Time             CPU   Iterations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BM_StringAssignStr_Empty_Opaque            2.65 ns         2.66 ns    263745536
BM_StringAssignStr_Empty_Transparent       2.95 ns         2.96 ns    236494848
BM_StringAssignStr_Small_Opaque            2.93 ns         2.94 ns    237301760
BM_StringAssignStr_Small_Transparent       2.69 ns         2.69 ns    265809920
BM_StringAssignStr_Large_Opaque            19.6 ns         19.6 ns     35573760
BM_StringAssignStr_Large_Transparent       19.1 ns         19.1 ns     36716544
BM_StringAssignStr_Huge_Opaque             1901 ns         1901 ns       364544
BM_StringAssignStr_Huge_Transparent        1889 ns         1889 ns       360448
```

Unstable
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark                                     Time             CPU   Iterations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BM_StringAssignStr_Empty_Opaque            1.29 ns         1.29 ns    540454912
BM_StringAssignStr_Empty_Transparent       1.11 ns         1.12 ns    628482048
BM_StringAssignStr_Small_Opaque            1.29 ns         1.29 ns    541216768
BM_StringAssignStr_Small_Transparent       1.11 ns         1.11 ns    629469184
BM_StringAssignStr_Large_Opaque            15.6 ns         15.6 ns     44945408
BM_StringAssignStr_Large_Transparent       14.9 ns         14.9 ns     46764032
BM_StringAssignStr_Huge_Opaque             1713 ns         1713 ns       401408
BM_StringAssignStr_Huge_Transparent        1704 ns         1704 ns       397312

```

Subscribers: libcxx-commits

Tags: #libc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D75211

Cr-Mirrored-From: https://chromium.googlesource.com/external/github.com/llvm/llvm-project
Cr-Mirrored-Commit: f87d30cba2b54a9083a0b276ad97d645c4b8b16c
diff --git a/include/string b/include/string
index 2c90dae..7688d3f 100644
--- a/include/string
+++ b/include/string
@@ -1571,6 +1571,12 @@
                                size_type __n_copy,  size_type __n_del,
                                size_type __n_add, const value_type* __p_new_stuff);
 
+    // __assign_no_alias is invoked for assignment operations where we
+    // have proof that the input does not alias the current instance.
+    // For example, operator=(basic_string) performs a 'self' check.
+    template <bool __is_short>
+    void __assign_no_alias(const value_type* __s, size_type __n);
+
     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
     void __erase_to_end(size_type __pos);
 
@@ -2203,6 +2209,23 @@
 // assign
 
 template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Allocator>
+template <bool __is_short>
+void basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>::__assign_no_alias(
+    const value_type* __s, size_type __n) {
+  size_type __cap = __is_short ? __min_cap : __get_long_cap();
+  if (__n < __cap) {
+    pointer __p = __is_short ? __get_short_pointer() : __get_long_pointer();
+    __is_short ? __set_short_size(__n) : __set_long_size(__n);
+    traits_type::copy(_VSTD::__to_address(__p), __s, __n);
+    traits_type::assign(__p[__n], value_type());
+    __invalidate_iterators_past(__n);
+  } else {
+    size_type __sz = __is_short ? __get_short_size() : __get_long_size();
+    __grow_by_and_replace(__cap - 1, __n - __cap + 1, __sz, 0, __sz, __n, __s);
+  }
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Allocator>
 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>&
 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>::assign(const value_type* __s, size_type __n)
 {
@@ -2268,16 +2291,19 @@
 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>&
 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>::operator=(const basic_string& __str)
 {
-    if (this != &__str)
-    {
-        __copy_assign_alloc(__str);
-        const bool __str_is_long = __str.__is_long(); // Force single branch
-        if (__is_long() || __str_is_long) {
-          return assign(__str.data(), __str.size());
-        }
+  if (this != &__str) {
+    __copy_assign_alloc(__str);
+    if (!__is_long()) {
+      if (!__str.__is_long()) {
         __r_.first().__r = __str.__r_.first().__r;
+      } else {
+        __assign_no_alias<true>(__str.data(), __str.size());
+      }
+    } else {
+      __assign_no_alias<false>(__str.data(), __str.size());
     }
-    return *this;
+  }
+  return *this;
 }
 
 #ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG