[libc++][ranges] Implement ranges::transform

Reviewed By: ldionne, var-const, #libc

Spies: libcxx-commits, mgorny

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D122173

NOKEYCHECK=True
GitOrigin-RevId: 3ba8548c8e04bb301c4243887362c54bfbd4af8b
diff --git a/include/CMakeLists.txt b/include/CMakeLists.txt
index 7cf305a..30edc3f 100644
--- a/include/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/include/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
   __algorithm/ranges_min_element.h
   __algorithm/ranges_mismatch.h
   __algorithm/ranges_swap_ranges.h
+  __algorithm/ranges_transform.h
   __algorithm/remove.h
   __algorithm/remove_copy.h
   __algorithm/remove_copy_if.h
diff --git a/include/__algorithm/ranges_transform.h b/include/__algorithm/ranges_transform.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c13b1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/__algorithm/ranges_transform.h
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP___ALGORITHM_RANGES_TRANSFORM_H
+#define _LIBCPP___ALGORITHM_RANGES_TRANSFORM_H
+
+#include <__algorithm/in_in_out_result.h>
+#include <__algorithm/in_out_result.h>
+#include <__concepts/constructible.h>
+#include <__config>
+#include <__functional/identity.h>
+#include <__functional/invoke.h>
+#include <__iterator/concepts.h>
+#include <__iterator/projected.h>
+#include <__ranges/access.h>
+#include <__ranges/concepts.h>
+#include <__ranges/dangling.h>
+#include <__utility/move.h>
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
+#  pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17 && !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+namespace ranges {
+
+template <class _Ip, class _Op>
+using unary_transform_result = in_out_result<_Ip, _Op>;
+
+template <class _I1, class _I2, class _O1>
+using binary_transform_result = in_in_out_result<_I1, _I2, _O1>;
+
+namespace __transform {
+struct __fn {
+private:
+  template <class _InIter, class _Sent,
+            class _OutIter,
+            class _Func,
+            class _Proj>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI static constexpr
+  unary_transform_result<_InIter, _OutIter> __unary(_InIter __first, _Sent __last,
+                                                    _OutIter __result,
+                                                    _Func& __operation,
+                                                    _Proj& __projection) {
+    while (__first != __last) {
+      *__result = std::invoke(__operation, std::invoke(__projection, *__first));
+      ++__first;
+      ++__result;
+    }
+
+    return {std::move(__first), std::move(__result)};
+  }
+
+  template <class _InIter1, class _Sent1,
+            class _InIter2, class _Sent2,
+            class _OutIter,
+            class _Func,
+            class _Proj1,
+            class _Proj2>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI static constexpr binary_transform_result<_InIter1, _InIter2, _OutIter>
+  __binary(_InIter1 __first1, _Sent1 __last1,
+           _InIter2 __first2, _Sent2 __last2,
+           _OutIter __result,
+           _Func& __binary_operation,
+           _Proj1& __projection1,
+           _Proj2& __projection2) {
+    while (__first1 != __last1 && __first2 != __last2) {
+      *__result = std::invoke(__binary_operation, std::invoke(__projection1, *__first1),
+                                                  std::invoke(__projection2, *__first2));
+      ++__first1;
+      ++__first2;
+      ++__result;
+    }
+    return {std::move(__first1), std::move(__first2), std::move(__result)};
+  }
+public:
+  template <input_iterator _InIter, sentinel_for<_InIter> _Sent,
+            weakly_incrementable _OutIter,
+            copy_constructible _Func,
+            class _Proj = identity>
+    requires indirectly_writable<_OutIter, indirect_result_t<_Func&, projected<_InIter, _Proj>>>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr
+  unary_transform_result<_InIter, _OutIter> operator()(_InIter __first, _Sent __last,
+                                                       _OutIter __result,
+                                                       _Func __operation,
+                                                       _Proj __proj = {}) const {
+    return __unary(std::move(__first), std::move(__last), std::move(__result), __operation, __proj);
+  }
+
+  template <input_range _Range,
+            weakly_incrementable _OutIter,
+            copy_constructible _Func,
+            class _Proj = identity>
+    requires indirectly_writable<_OutIter, indirect_result_t<_Func, projected<iterator_t<_Range>, _Proj>>>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr
+  unary_transform_result<borrowed_iterator_t<_Range>, _OutIter> operator()(_Range&& __range,
+                                                                           _OutIter __result,
+                                                                           _Func __operation,
+                                                                           _Proj __projection = {}) const {
+    return __unary(ranges::begin(__range), ranges::end(__range), std::move(__result), __operation, __projection);
+  }
+
+  template <input_iterator _InIter1, sentinel_for<_InIter1> _Sent1,
+            input_iterator _InIter2, sentinel_for<_InIter2> _Sent2,
+            weakly_incrementable _OutIter,
+            copy_constructible _Func,
+            class _Proj1 = identity,
+            class _Proj2 = identity>
+    requires indirectly_writable<_OutIter, indirect_result_t<_Func&, projected<_InIter1, _Proj1>,
+                                                                     projected<_InIter2, _Proj2>>>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr
+  binary_transform_result<_InIter1, _InIter2, _OutIter> operator()(_InIter1 __first1, _Sent1 __last1,
+                                                                   _InIter2 __first2, _Sent2 __last2,
+                                                                   _OutIter __result,
+                                                                   _Func __binary_operation,
+                                                                   _Proj1 __projection1 = {},
+                                                                   _Proj2 __projection2 = {}) const {
+    return __binary(std::move(__first1), std::move(__last1),
+                    std::move(__first2), std::move(__last2),
+                    std::move(__result),
+                    __binary_operation,
+                    __projection1,
+                    __projection2);
+  }
+
+  template <input_range _Range1,
+            input_range _Range2,
+            weakly_incrementable _OutIter,
+            copy_constructible _Func,
+            class _Proj1 = identity,
+            class _Proj2 = identity>
+    requires indirectly_writable<_OutIter, indirect_result_t<_Func&, projected<iterator_t<_Range1>, _Proj1>,
+                                                                     projected<iterator_t<_Range2>, _Proj2>>>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr
+  binary_transform_result<borrowed_iterator_t<_Range1>, borrowed_iterator_t<_Range2>, _OutIter>
+  operator()(_Range1&& __range1,
+             _Range2&& __range2,
+             _OutIter __result,
+             _Func __binary_operation,
+             _Proj1 __projection1 = {},
+             _Proj2 __projection2 = {}) const {
+    return __binary(ranges::begin(__range1), ranges::end(__range1),
+                    ranges::begin(__range2), ranges::end(__range2),
+                    std::move(__result),
+                    __binary_operation,
+                    __projection1,
+                    __projection2);
+  }
+
+};
+} // namespace __transform
+
+inline namespace __cpo {
+  inline constexpr auto transform = __transform::__fn{};
+} // namespace __cpo
+} // namespace ranges
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17 && !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_INCOMPLETE_RANGES)
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP___ALGORITHM_RANGES_TRANSFORM_H
diff --git a/include/algorithm b/include/algorithm
index a7912cc..d86cfe7 100644
--- a/include/algorithm
+++ b/include/algorithm
@@ -110,6 +110,41 @@
     requires indirectly_copyable_storable<iterator_t<R>, range_value_t<R>*>
     constexpr range_value_t<R>
       max(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});                                   // since C++20
+
+  template<class I, class O>
+    using unary_transform_result = in_out_result<I, O>;                             // since C++20
+
+  template<class I1, class I2, class O>
+    using binary_transform_result = in_in_out_result<I1, I2, O>;                    // since C++20
+
+  template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, weakly_incrementable O,
+           copy_constructible F, class Proj = identity>
+    requires indirectly_writable<O, indirect_result_t<F&, projected<I, Proj>>>
+    constexpr ranges::unary_transform_result<I, O>
+      transform(I first1, S last1, O result, F op, Proj proj = {});                 // since C++20
+
+  template<input_range R, weakly_incrementable O, copy_constructible F,
+           class Proj = identity>
+    requires indirectly_writable<O, indirect_result_t<F&, projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>>>
+    constexpr ranges::unary_transform_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>
+      transform(R&& r, O result, F op, Proj proj = {});                             // since C++20
+
+  template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2, sentinel_for<I2> S2,
+           weakly_incrementable O, copy_constructible F, class Proj1 = identity,
+           class Proj2 = identity>
+    requires indirectly_writable<O, indirect_result_t<F&, projected<I1, Proj1>,
+                                           projected<I2, Proj2>>>
+    constexpr ranges::binary_transform_result<I1, I2, O>
+      transform(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result,
+                        F binary_op, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});           // since C++20
+
+  template<input_range R1, input_range R2, weakly_incrementable O,
+           copy_constructible F, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
+    requires indirectly_writable<O, indirect_result_t<F&, projected<iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,
+                                           projected<iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>>>
+    constexpr ranges::binary_transform_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R1>, borrowed_iterator_t<R2>, O>
+      transform(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, O result,
+                        F binary_op, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});           // since C++20
 }
 
     constexpr bool     // constexpr in C++20
@@ -836,6 +871,7 @@
 #include <__algorithm/ranges_min_element.h>
 #include <__algorithm/ranges_mismatch.h>
 #include <__algorithm/ranges_swap_ranges.h>
+#include <__algorithm/ranges_transform.h>
 #include <__algorithm/remove.h>
 #include <__algorithm/remove_copy.h>
 #include <__algorithm/remove_copy_if.h>
diff --git a/include/module.modulemap b/include/module.modulemap
index 10e944a..aaedf4d 100644
--- a/include/module.modulemap
+++ b/include/module.modulemap
@@ -303,6 +303,7 @@
       module ranges_min_element       { private header "__algorithm/ranges_min_element.h" }
       module ranges_mismatch          { private header "__algorithm/ranges_mismatch.h" }
       module ranges_swap_ranges       { private header "__algorithm/ranges_swap_ranges.h" }
+      module ranges_transform         { private header "__algorithm/ranges_transform.h" }
       module remove                   { private header "__algorithm/remove.h" }
       module remove_copy              { private header "__algorithm/remove_copy.h" }
       module remove_copy_if           { private header "__algorithm/remove_copy_if.h" }