[libc++] Complete overhaul of constexpr support in std::array

This commit adds missing support for constexpr in std::array under all
standard modes up to and including C++20. It also transforms the <array>
tests to check for constexpr-friendliness under the right standard modes.

Fixes https://llvm.org/PR40124
Fixes rdar://57522096
Supersedes https://reviews.llvm.org/D60666

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D80452

Cr-Mirrored-From: https://chromium.googlesource.com/external/github.com/llvm/llvm-project
Cr-Mirrored-Commit: 77b9abfc8e89ca627e4f9a1cc206bea131db6db1
diff --git a/include/array b/include/array
index 7ffa825..215d4e8 100644
--- a/include/array
+++ b/include/array
@@ -32,24 +32,24 @@
     typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
 
     // No explicit construct/copy/destroy for aggregate type
-    void fill(const T& u);
-    void swap(array& a) noexcept(is_nothrow_swappable_v<T>);
+    void fill(const T& u);                                      // constexpr in C++20
+    void swap(array& a) noexcept(is_nothrow_swappable_v<T>);    // constexpr in C++20
 
     // iterators:
-    iterator begin() noexcept;
-    const_iterator begin() const noexcept;
-    iterator end() noexcept;
-    const_iterator end() const noexcept;
+    iterator begin() noexcept;                                  // constexpr in C++17
+    const_iterator begin() const noexcept;                      // constexpr in C++17
+    iterator end() noexcept;                                    // constexpr in C++17
+    const_iterator end() const noexcept;                        // constexpr in C++17
 
-    reverse_iterator rbegin() noexcept;
-    const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
-    reverse_iterator rend() noexcept;
-    const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
+    reverse_iterator rbegin() noexcept;                         // constexpr in C++17
+    const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;             // constexpr in C++17
+    reverse_iterator rend() noexcept;                           // constexpr in C++17
+    const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;               // constexpr in C++17
 
-    const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept;
-    const_iterator cend() const noexcept;
-    const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept;
-    const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept;
+    const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept;                     // constexpr in C++17
+    const_iterator cend() const noexcept;                       // constexpr in C++17
+    const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept;            // constexpr in C++17
+    const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept;              // constexpr in C++17
 
     // capacity:
     constexpr size_type size() const noexcept;
@@ -57,46 +57,51 @@
     constexpr bool empty() const noexcept;
 
     // element access:
-    reference operator[](size_type n);
-    const_reference operator[](size_type n) const; // constexpr in C++14
-    const_reference at(size_type n) const; // constexpr in C++14
-    reference at(size_type n);
+    reference operator[](size_type n);                          // constexpr in C++17
+    const_reference operator[](size_type n) const;              // constexpr in C++14
+    reference at(size_type n);                                  // constexpr in C++17
+    const_reference at(size_type n) const;                      // constexpr in C++14
 
-    reference front();
-    const_reference front() const; // constexpr in C++14
-    reference back();
-    const_reference back() const; // constexpr in C++14
+    reference front();                                          // constexpr in C++17
+    const_reference front() const;                              // constexpr in C++14
+    reference back();                                           // constexpr in C++17
+    const_reference back() const;                               // constexpr in C++14
 
-    T* data() noexcept;
-    const T* data() const noexcept;
+    T* data() noexcept;                                         // constexpr in C++17
+    const T* data() const noexcept;                             // constexpr in C++17
 };
 
-  template <class T, class... U>
-    array(T, U...) -> array<T, 1 + sizeof...(U)>;
+template <class T, class... U>
+  array(T, U...) -> array<T, 1 + sizeof...(U)>;                 // C++17
 
 template <class T, size_t N>
-  bool operator==(const array<T,N>& x, const array<T,N>& y);
+  bool operator==(const array<T,N>& x, const array<T,N>& y);    // constexpr in C++20
 template <class T, size_t N>
-  bool operator!=(const array<T,N>& x, const array<T,N>& y);
+  bool operator!=(const array<T,N>& x, const array<T,N>& y);    // constexpr in C++20
 template <class T, size_t N>
-  bool operator<(const array<T,N>& x, const array<T,N>& y);
+  bool operator<(const array<T,N>& x, const array<T,N>& y);     // constexpr in C++20
 template <class T, size_t N>
-  bool operator>(const array<T,N>& x, const array<T,N>& y);
+  bool operator>(const array<T,N>& x, const array<T,N>& y);     // constexpr in C++20
 template <class T, size_t N>
-  bool operator<=(const array<T,N>& x, const array<T,N>& y);
+  bool operator<=(const array<T,N>& x, const array<T,N>& y);    // constexpr in C++20
 template <class T, size_t N>
-  bool operator>=(const array<T,N>& x, const array<T,N>& y);
+  bool operator>=(const array<T,N>& x, const array<T,N>& y);    // constexpr in C++20
 
 template <class T, size_t N >
-  void swap(array<T,N>& x, array<T,N>& y) noexcept(noexcept(x.swap(y))); // C++17
+  void swap(array<T,N>& x, array<T,N>& y) noexcept(noexcept(x.swap(y))); // constexpr in C++20
+
+template <class T, size_t N>
+  constexpr array<remove_cv_t<T>, N> to_array(T (&a)[N]);  // C++20
+template <class T, size_t N>
+  constexpr array<remove_cv_t<T>, N> to_array(T (&&a)[N]); // C++20
 
 template <class T> struct tuple_size;
 template <size_t I, class T> struct tuple_element;
 template <class T, size_t N> struct tuple_size<array<T, N>>;
 template <size_t I, class T, size_t N> struct tuple_element<I, array<T, N>>;
-template <size_t I, class T, size_t N> T& get(array<T, N>&) noexcept; // constexpr in C++14
-template <size_t I, class T, size_t N> const T& get(const array<T, N>&) noexcept; // constexpr in C++14
-template <size_t I, class T, size_t N> T&& get(array<T, N>&&) noexcept; // constexpr in C++14
+template <size_t I, class T, size_t N> T& get(array<T, N>&) noexcept;               // constexpr in C++14
+template <size_t I, class T, size_t N> const T& get(const array<T, N>&) noexcept;   // constexpr in C++14
+template <size_t I, class T, size_t N> T&& get(array<T, N>&&) noexcept;             // constexpr in C++14
 template <size_t I, class T, size_t N> const T&& get(const array<T, N>&&) noexcept; // constexpr in C++14
 
 }  // std
@@ -143,11 +148,12 @@
     _Tp __elems_[_Size];
 
     // No explicit construct/copy/destroy for aggregate type
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY void fill(const value_type& __u) {
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX17
+    void fill(const value_type& __u) {
       _VSTD::fill_n(__elems_, _Size, __u);
     }
 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX17
     void swap(array& __a) _NOEXCEPT_(__is_nothrow_swappable<_Tp>::value) {
       std::swap_ranges(__elems_, __elems_ + _Size, __a.__elems_);
     }
@@ -236,50 +242,71 @@
     typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator>       reverse_iterator;
     typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    union __wrapper {
+        _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __wrapper() : __b() { }
+        ~__wrapper() = default;
+
+        bool __b;
+        _Tp __t;
+    } __w;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
+    value_type* data() _NOEXCEPT {return &__w.__t;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
+    const value_type* data() const _NOEXCEPT {return &__w.__t;}
+#else // C++03
     typedef typename conditional<is_const<_Tp>::value, const char,
                                 char>::type _CharType;
 
     struct  _ArrayInStructT { _Tp __data_[1]; };
     _ALIGNAS_TYPE(_ArrayInStructT) _CharType __elems_[sizeof(_ArrayInStructT)];
 
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    value_type* data() _NOEXCEPT {return reinterpret_cast<value_type*>(__elems_);}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const value_type* data() const _NOEXCEPT {return reinterpret_cast<const value_type*>(__elems_);}
+#endif
+
     // No explicit construct/copy/destroy for aggregate type
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY void fill(const value_type&) {
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX17
+    void fill(const value_type&) {
       static_assert(!is_const<_Tp>::value,
                     "cannot fill zero-sized array of type 'const T'");
     }
 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX17
     void swap(array&) _NOEXCEPT {
       static_assert(!is_const<_Tp>::value,
                     "cannot swap zero-sized array of type 'const T'");
     }
 
     // iterators:
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     iterator begin() _NOEXCEPT {return iterator(data());}
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     const_iterator begin() const _NOEXCEPT {return const_iterator(data());}
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     iterator end() _NOEXCEPT {return iterator(data());}
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     const_iterator end() const _NOEXCEPT {return const_iterator(data());}
 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     reverse_iterator rbegin() _NOEXCEPT {return reverse_iterator(end());}
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const _NOEXCEPT {return const_reverse_iterator(end());}
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     reverse_iterator rend() _NOEXCEPT {return reverse_iterator(begin());}
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     const_reverse_iterator rend() const _NOEXCEPT {return const_reverse_iterator(begin());}
 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     const_iterator cbegin() const _NOEXCEPT {return begin();}
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     const_iterator cend() const _NOEXCEPT {return end();}
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const _NOEXCEPT {return rbegin();}
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     const_reverse_iterator crend() const _NOEXCEPT {return rend();}
 
     // capacity:
@@ -291,7 +318,7 @@
     _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR bool empty() const _NOEXCEPT {return true;}
 
     // element access:
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     reference operator[](size_type) _NOEXCEPT {
       _LIBCPP_ASSERT(false, "cannot call array<T, 0>::operator[] on a zero-sized array");
       _LIBCPP_UNREACHABLE();
@@ -303,46 +330,41 @@
       _LIBCPP_UNREACHABLE();
     }
 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     reference at(size_type) {
       __throw_out_of_range("array<T, 0>::at");
       _LIBCPP_UNREACHABLE();
     }
 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
     const_reference at(size_type) const {
       __throw_out_of_range("array<T, 0>::at");
       _LIBCPP_UNREACHABLE();
     }
 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     reference front() _NOEXCEPT {
       _LIBCPP_ASSERT(false, "cannot call array<T, 0>::front() on a zero-sized array");
       _LIBCPP_UNREACHABLE();
     }
 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
     const_reference front() const _NOEXCEPT {
       _LIBCPP_ASSERT(false, "cannot call array<T, 0>::front() on a zero-sized array");
       _LIBCPP_UNREACHABLE();
     }
 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX14
     reference back() _NOEXCEPT {
       _LIBCPP_ASSERT(false, "cannot call array<T, 0>::back() on a zero-sized array");
       _LIBCPP_UNREACHABLE();
     }
 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
     const_reference back() const _NOEXCEPT {
       _LIBCPP_ASSERT(false, "cannot call array<T, 0>::back() on a zero-sized array");
       _LIBCPP_UNREACHABLE();
     }
-
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
-    value_type* data() _NOEXCEPT {return reinterpret_cast<value_type*>(__elems_);}
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
-    const value_type* data() const _NOEXCEPT {return reinterpret_cast<const value_type*>(__elems_);}
 };
 
 
@@ -404,7 +426,7 @@
 }
 
 template <class _Tp, size_t _Size>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX17
 typename enable_if
 <
     _Size == 0 ||