[libc++] Implement P0487R1 - Fixing operator>>(basic_istream&, CharT*)

Summary:
Avoid buffer overflow by replacing the pointer interface with an array reference interface in C++2a.
Tentatively ready on Batavia2018.

 https://wg21.link/lwg2499
 https://wg21.link/p0487

Reviewers: mclow.lists, ldionne, EricWF

Reviewed By: ldionne

Subscribers: libcxx-commits, cfe-commits, christof

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D51268

llvm-svn: 347377
Cr-Mirrored-From: sso://chromium.googlesource.com/_direct/external/github.com/llvm/llvm-project
Cr-Mirrored-Commit: 147b25b4a146be2a2b4d37c9388b7fb51d5508f4
diff --git a/include/istream b/include/istream
index e46881e..8487dbe 100644
--- a/include/istream
+++ b/include/istream
@@ -517,8 +517,9 @@
 }
 
 template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, _CharT* __s)
+__input_c_string(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, _CharT* __p, size_t __n)
 {
 #ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
     try
@@ -527,13 +528,10 @@
         typename basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>::sentry __sen(__is);
         if (__sen)
         {
-            streamsize __n = __is.width();
-            if (__n <= 0)
-                __n = numeric_limits<streamsize>::max() / sizeof(_CharT) - 1;
-            streamsize __c = 0;
+            auto __s = __p;
             const ctype<_CharT>& __ct = use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__is.getloc());
             ios_base::iostate __err = ios_base::goodbit;
-            while (__c < __n-1)
+            while (__s != __p + (__n-1))
             {
                 typename _Traits::int_type __i = __is.rdbuf()->sgetc();
                 if (_Traits::eq_int_type(__i, _Traits::eof()))
@@ -545,12 +543,11 @@
                 if (__ct.is(__ct.space, __ch))
                     break;
                 *__s++ = __ch;
-                ++__c;
                  __is.rdbuf()->sbumpc();
             }
             *__s = _CharT();
             __is.width(0);
-            if (__c == 0)
+            if (__s == __p)
                __err |= ios_base::failbit;
             __is.setstate(__err);
         }
@@ -564,6 +561,48 @@
     return __is;
 }
 
+#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
+
+template<class _CharT, class _Traits, size_t _Np>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, _CharT (&__buf)[_Np])
+{
+    auto __n = _Np;
+    if (__is.width() > 0)
+        __n = _VSTD::min(size_t(__is.width()), _Np);
+    return _VSTD::__input_c_string(__is, __buf, __n);
+}
+
+template<class _Traits, size_t _Np>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+basic_istream<char, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<char, _Traits>& __is, unsigned char (&__buf)[_Np])
+{
+    return __is >> (char(&)[_Np])__buf;
+}
+
+template<class _Traits, size_t _Np>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+basic_istream<char, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<char, _Traits>& __is, signed char (&__buf)[_Np])
+{
+    return __is >> (char(&)[_Np])__buf;
+}
+
+#else
+
+template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, _CharT* __s)
+{
+    streamsize __n = __is.width();
+    if (__n <= 0)
+        __n = numeric_limits<streamsize>::max() / sizeof(_CharT) - 1;
+    return _VSTD::__input_c_string(__is, __s, size_t(__n));
+}
+
 template<class _Traits>
 inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 basic_istream<char, _Traits>&
@@ -580,6 +619,8 @@
     return __is >> (char*)__s;
 }
 
+#endif  // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
+
 template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
 basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
 operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, _CharT& __c)