[libc++] Remove race condition in std::async

Summary:
The state associated to the future was set in one thread (with synchronization)
but read in another thread without synchronization, which led to a data race.

https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=38181
rdar://problem/42548261

Reviewers: mclow.lists, EricWF

Subscribers: christof, dexonsmith, cfe-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D51170

llvm-svn: 340608
Cr-Mirrored-From: sso://chromium.googlesource.com/_direct/external/github.com/llvm/llvm-project
Cr-Mirrored-Commit: 616ef1863faef8dedf2e6bfbaee7569d84f11e35
diff --git a/src/future.cpp b/src/future.cpp
index 07e4602..cbcd2e7 100644
--- a/src/future.cpp
+++ b/src/future.cpp
@@ -179,10 +179,7 @@
 future<void>::future(__assoc_sub_state* __state)
     : __state_(__state)
 {
-    if (__state_->__has_future_attached())
-        __throw_future_error(future_errc::future_already_retrieved);
-    __state_->__add_shared();
-    __state_->__set_future_attached();
+    __state_->__attach_future();
 }
 
 future<void>::~future()