layers/descriptor_validation.cpp

/* Copyright (c) 2015-2022 The Khronos Group Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2022 Valve Corporation
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2022 LunarG, Inc.
 * Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Google Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 * Author: Tobin Ehlis <tobine@google.com>
 *         John Zulauf <jzulauf@lunarg.com>
 *         Jeremy Kniager <jeremyk@lunarg.com>
 *         Jeremy Gebben <jeremyg@lunarg.com>
 */

#include "core_validation_error_enums.h"
#include "core_validation.h"
#include "descriptor_sets.h"

using DescriptorSet = cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSet;
using DescriptorSetLayout = cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSetLayout;
using DescriptorSetLayoutDef = cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSetLayoutDef;
using DescriptorSetLayoutId = cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSetLayoutId;

// TODO: Find a way to add smarts to the autogenerated version of this
static std::string smart_string_VkShaderStageFlags(VkShaderStageFlags stage_flags) {
    if (stage_flags == VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL) {
        return string_VkShaderStageFlagBits(VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL);
    }

    return string_VkShaderStageFlags(stage_flags);
}

template <typename DSLayoutBindingA, typename DSLayoutBindingB>
bool ImmutableSamplersAreEqual(const DSLayoutBindingA &b1, const DSLayoutBindingB &b2) {
    if (b1.pImmutableSamplers == b2.pImmutableSamplers) {
        return true;
    } else if (b1.pImmutableSamplers && b2.pImmutableSamplers) {
        if ((b1.descriptorType == b2.descriptorType) &&
            ((b1.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER) || (b1.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE)) &&
            (b1.descriptorCount == b2.descriptorCount)) {
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < b1.descriptorCount; ++i) {
                if (b1.pImmutableSamplers[i] != b2.pImmutableSamplers[i]) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    } else {
        // One pointer is null, the other is not
        return false;
    }
}

// If our layout is compatible with bound_dsl, return true,
//  else return false and fill in error_msg will description of what causes incompatibility
bool CoreChecks::VerifySetLayoutCompatibility(const DescriptorSetLayout &layout_dsl, const DescriptorSetLayout &bound_dsl,
                                              std::string &error_msg) const {
    // Short circuit the detailed check.
    if (layout_dsl.IsCompatible(&bound_dsl)) return true;

    // Do a detailed compatibility check of this lhs def (referenced by layout_dsl), vs. the rhs (layout and def)
    // Should only be run if trivial accept has failed, and in that context should return false.
    VkDescriptorSetLayout layout_dsl_handle = layout_dsl.GetDescriptorSetLayout();
    VkDescriptorSetLayout bound_dsl_handle = bound_dsl.GetDescriptorSetLayout();
    DescriptorSetLayoutDef const *layout_ds_layout_def = layout_dsl.GetLayoutDef();
    DescriptorSetLayoutDef const *bound_ds_layout_def = bound_dsl.GetLayoutDef();

    // Check descriptor counts
    const auto bound_total_count = bound_ds_layout_def->GetTotalDescriptorCount();
    if (layout_ds_layout_def->GetTotalDescriptorCount() != bound_ds_layout_def->GetTotalDescriptorCount()) {
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << report_data->FormatHandle(layout_dsl_handle) << " from pipeline layout has "
                  << layout_ds_layout_def->GetTotalDescriptorCount() << " total descriptors, but "
                  << report_data->FormatHandle(bound_dsl_handle) << ", which is bound, has " << bound_total_count
                  << " total descriptors.";
        error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;  // trivial fail case
    }

    // Descriptor counts match so need to go through bindings one-by-one
    //  and verify that type and stageFlags match
    for (const auto &layout_binding : layout_ds_layout_def->GetBindings()) {
        const auto bound_binding = bound_ds_layout_def->GetBindingInfoFromBinding(layout_binding.binding);
        if (layout_binding.descriptorCount != bound_binding->descriptorCount) {
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "Binding " << layout_binding.binding << " for " << report_data->FormatHandle(layout_dsl_handle)
                      << " from pipeline layout has a descriptorCount of " << layout_binding.descriptorCount << " but binding "
                      << layout_binding.binding << " for " << report_data->FormatHandle(bound_dsl_handle)
                      << ", which is bound, has a descriptorCount of " << bound_binding->descriptorCount;
            error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        } else if (layout_binding.descriptorType != bound_binding->descriptorType) {
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "Binding " << layout_binding.binding << " for " << report_data->FormatHandle(layout_dsl_handle)
                      << " from pipeline layout is type '" << string_VkDescriptorType(layout_binding.descriptorType)
                      << "' but binding " << layout_binding.binding << " for " << report_data->FormatHandle(bound_dsl_handle)
                      << ", which is bound, is type '" << string_VkDescriptorType(bound_binding->descriptorType) << "'";
            error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        } else if (layout_binding.stageFlags != bound_binding->stageFlags) {
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "Binding " << layout_binding.binding << " for " << report_data->FormatHandle(layout_dsl_handle)
                      << " from pipeline layout has stageFlags " << smart_string_VkShaderStageFlags(layout_binding.stageFlags)
                      << " but binding " << layout_binding.binding << " for " << report_data->FormatHandle(bound_dsl_handle)
                      << ", which is bound, has stageFlags " << smart_string_VkShaderStageFlags(bound_binding->stageFlags);
            error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        } else if (!ImmutableSamplersAreEqual(layout_binding, *bound_binding)) {
            error_msg = "Immutable samplers from binding " + std::to_string(layout_binding.binding) + " in pipeline layout " +
                        report_data->FormatHandle(layout_dsl_handle) +
                        " do not match the immutable samplers in the layout currently bound (" +
                        report_data->FormatHandle(bound_dsl_handle) + ")";
            return false;
        }
    }

    const auto &ds_layout_flags = layout_ds_layout_def->GetBindingFlags();
    const auto &bound_layout_flags = bound_ds_layout_def->GetBindingFlags();
    if (bound_layout_flags != ds_layout_flags) {
        std::stringstream error_str;
        assert(ds_layout_flags.size() == bound_layout_flags.size());
        size_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < ds_layout_flags.size(); i++) {
            if (ds_layout_flags[i] != bound_layout_flags[i]) break;
        }
        error_str << report_data->FormatHandle(layout_dsl_handle)
                  << " from pipeline layout does not have the same binding flags at binding " << i << " ( "
                  << string_VkDescriptorBindingFlagsEXT(ds_layout_flags[i]) << " ) as "
                  << report_data->FormatHandle(bound_dsl_handle) << " ( "
                  << string_VkDescriptorBindingFlagsEXT(bound_layout_flags[i]) << " ), which is bound";
        error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }

    // No detailed check should succeed if the trivial check failed -- or the dictionary has failed somehow.
    bool compatible = true;
    assert(!compatible);
    return compatible;
}

// For given cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSet, verify that its Set is compatible w/ the setLayout corresponding to
// pipelineLayout[layoutIndex]
bool CoreChecks::VerifySetLayoutCompatibility(const cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSet &descriptor_set,
                                              const PIPELINE_LAYOUT_STATE &pipeline_layout, const uint32_t layoutIndex,
                                              std::string &errorMsg) const {
    auto num_sets = pipeline_layout.set_layouts.size();
    if (layoutIndex >= num_sets) {
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << report_data->FormatHandle(pipeline_layout.layout()) << ") only contains " << num_sets
                  << " setLayouts corresponding to sets 0-" << num_sets - 1 << ", but you're attempting to bind set to index "
                  << layoutIndex;
        errorMsg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }
    if (descriptor_set.IsPushDescriptor()) return true;
    const auto *layout_node = pipeline_layout.set_layouts[layoutIndex].get();
    if (layout_node && (descriptor_set.GetBindingCount() > 0) && (layout_node->GetBindingCount() > 0)) {
        return VerifySetLayoutCompatibility(*layout_node, *descriptor_set.GetLayout(), errorMsg);
    } else {
        // It's possible the DSL is null when creating a graphics pipeline library, in which case we can't verify compatibility
        // here.
        return true;
    }
}

bool CoreChecks::PreCallValidateCmdBindDescriptorSets(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkPipelineBindPoint pipelineBindPoint,
                                                      VkPipelineLayout layout, uint32_t firstSet, uint32_t setCount,
                                                      const VkDescriptorSet *pDescriptorSets, uint32_t dynamicOffsetCount,
                                                      const uint32_t *pDynamicOffsets) const {
    auto cb_state = GetRead<CMD_BUFFER_STATE>(commandBuffer);
    assert(cb_state);
    bool skip = false;
    skip |= ValidateCmd(cb_state.get(), CMD_BINDDESCRIPTORSETS);
    // Track total count of dynamic descriptor types to make sure we have an offset for each one
    uint32_t total_dynamic_descriptors = 0;
    std::string error_string = "";

    auto pipeline_layout = Get<PIPELINE_LAYOUT_STATE>(layout);
    for (uint32_t set_idx = 0; set_idx < setCount; set_idx++) {
        auto descriptor_set = Get<cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSet>(pDescriptorSets[set_idx]);
        if (descriptor_set) {
            // Verify that set being bound is compatible with overlapping setLayout of pipelineLayout
            if (!VerifySetLayoutCompatibility(*descriptor_set, *pipeline_layout, set_idx + firstSet, error_string)) {
                skip |= LogError(pDescriptorSets[set_idx], "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDescriptorSets-00358",
                                 "vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(): descriptorSet #%u being bound is not compatible with overlapping "
                                 "descriptorSetLayout at index %u of "
                                 "%s due to: %s.",
                                 set_idx, set_idx + firstSet, report_data->FormatHandle(layout).c_str(), error_string.c_str());
            }

            auto set_dynamic_descriptor_count = descriptor_set->GetDynamicDescriptorCount();
            if (set_dynamic_descriptor_count) {
                // First make sure we won't overstep bounds of pDynamicOffsets array
                if ((total_dynamic_descriptors + set_dynamic_descriptor_count) > dynamicOffsetCount) {
                    // Test/report this here, such that we don't run past the end of pDynamicOffsets in the else clause
                    skip |=
                        LogError(pDescriptorSets[set_idx], "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-dynamicOffsetCount-00359",
                                 "vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(): descriptorSet #%u (%s) requires %u dynamicOffsets, but only %u "
                                 "dynamicOffsets are left in "
                                 "pDynamicOffsets array. There must be one dynamic offset for each dynamic descriptor being bound.",
                                 set_idx, report_data->FormatHandle(pDescriptorSets[set_idx]).c_str(),
                                 descriptor_set->GetDynamicDescriptorCount(), (dynamicOffsetCount - total_dynamic_descriptors));
                    // Set the number found to the maximum to prevent duplicate messages, or subsquent descriptor sets from
                    // testing against the "short tail" we're skipping below.
                    total_dynamic_descriptors = dynamicOffsetCount;
                } else {  // Validate dynamic offsets and Dynamic Offset Minimums
                    // offset for all sets (pDynamicOffsets)
                    uint32_t cur_dyn_offset = total_dynamic_descriptors;
                    // offset into this descriptor set
                    uint32_t set_dyn_offset = 0;
                    const auto &dsl = descriptor_set->GetLayout();
                    const auto binding_count = dsl->GetBindingCount();
                    const auto &limits = phys_dev_props.limits;
                    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < binding_count; i++) {
                        const auto *binding = dsl->GetDescriptorSetLayoutBindingPtrFromIndex(i);
                        // skip checking binding if not needed
                        if (cvdescriptorset::IsDynamicDescriptor(binding->descriptorType) == false) {
                            continue;
                        }

                        // If a descriptor set has only binding 0 and 2 the binding_index will be 0 and 2
                        const uint32_t binding_index = binding->binding;
                        const uint32_t descriptorCount = binding->descriptorCount;

                        // Need to loop through each descriptor count inside the binding
                        // if descriptorCount is zero the binding with a dynamic descriptor type does not count
                        for (uint32_t j = 0; j < descriptorCount; j++) {
                            const uint32_t offset = pDynamicOffsets[cur_dyn_offset];
                            if (offset == 0) {
                                // offset of zero is equivalent of not having the dynamic offset
                                cur_dyn_offset++;
                                set_dyn_offset++;
                                continue;
                            }

                            // Validate alignment with limit
                            if ((binding->descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC) &&
                                (SafeModulo(offset, limits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment) != 0)) {
                                skip |= LogError(commandBuffer, "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDynamicOffsets-01971",
                                                 "vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(): pDynamicOffsets[%u] is %u, but must be a multiple of "
                                                 "device limit minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment 0x%" PRIxLEAST64 ".",
                                                 cur_dyn_offset, offset, limits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment);
                            }
                            if ((binding->descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC) &&
                                (SafeModulo(offset, limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment) != 0)) {
                                skip |= LogError(commandBuffer, "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDynamicOffsets-01972",
                                                 "vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(): pDynamicOffsets[%u] is %u, but must be a multiple of "
                                                 "device limit minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment 0x%" PRIxLEAST64 ".",
                                                 cur_dyn_offset, offset, limits.minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
                            }

                            auto *descriptor = descriptor_set->GetDescriptorFromDynamicOffsetIndex(set_dyn_offset);
                            assert(descriptor != nullptr);
                            // Currently only GeneralBuffer are dynamic and need to be checked
                            if (descriptor->GetClass() == cvdescriptorset::DescriptorClass::GeneralBuffer) {
                                const auto *buffer_descriptor = static_cast<const cvdescriptorset::BufferDescriptor *>(descriptor);
                                const VkDeviceSize bound_range = buffer_descriptor->GetRange();
                                const VkDeviceSize bound_offset = buffer_descriptor->GetOffset();
                                // NOTE: null / invalid buffers may show up here, errors are raised elsewhere for this.
                                auto buffer_state = buffer_descriptor->GetBufferState();

                                // Validate offset didn't go over buffer
                                if ((bound_range == VK_WHOLE_SIZE) && (offset > 0)) {
                                    LogObjectList objlist(commandBuffer);
                                    objlist.add(pDescriptorSets[set_idx]);
                                    objlist.add(buffer_descriptor->GetBuffer());
                                    skip |=
                                        LogError(objlist, "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDescriptorSets-06715",
                                                 "vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(): pDynamicOffsets[%u] is 0x%x, but must be zero since "
                                                 "the buffer descriptor's range is VK_WHOLE_SIZE in descriptorSet #%u binding #%u "
                                                 "descriptor[%u].",
                                                 cur_dyn_offset, offset, set_idx, binding_index, j);

                                } else if (buffer_state && (bound_range != VK_WHOLE_SIZE) &&
                                           ((offset + bound_range + bound_offset) > buffer_state->createInfo.size)) {
                                    LogObjectList objlist(commandBuffer);
                                    objlist.add(pDescriptorSets[set_idx]);
                                    objlist.add(buffer_descriptor->GetBuffer());
                                    skip |=
                                        LogError(objlist, "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDescriptorSets-01979",
                                                 "vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(): pDynamicOffsets[%u] is 0x%x which when added to the "
                                                 "buffer descriptor's range (0x%" PRIxLEAST64
                                                 ") is greater than the size of the buffer (0x%" PRIxLEAST64
                                                 ") in descriptorSet #%u binding #%u descriptor[%u].",
                                                 cur_dyn_offset, offset, bound_range, buffer_state->createInfo.size, set_idx,
                                                 binding_index, j);
                                }
                            }
                            cur_dyn_offset++;
                            set_dyn_offset++;
                        }  // descriptorCount loop
                    }      // bindingCount loop
                    // Keep running total of dynamic descriptor count to verify at the end
                    total_dynamic_descriptors += set_dynamic_descriptor_count;
                }
            }
            if (descriptor_set->GetPoolState()->createInfo.flags & VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_HOST_ONLY_BIT_VALVE) {
                skip |= LogError(pDescriptorSets[set_idx], "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDescriptorSets-04616",
                                 "vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(): pDescriptorSets[%" PRIu32
                                 "] was allocated from a pool that was created with VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_HOST_ONLY_BIT_VALVE.",
                                 set_idx);
            }
        } else {
            if (!IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.vk_ext_graphics_pipeline_library)) {
                skip |= LogError(pDescriptorSets[set_idx], "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDescriptorSets-06563",
                                 "vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(): Attempt to bind pDescriptorSets[%" PRIu32
                                 "] (%s) that does not exist, and %s is not enabled.",
                                 set_idx, report_data->FormatHandle(pDescriptorSets[set_idx]).c_str(),
                                 VK_EXT_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_LIBRARY_EXTENSION_NAME);
            } else if (!enabled_features.graphics_pipeline_library_features.graphicsPipelineLibrary) {
                skip |= LogError(pDescriptorSets[set_idx], "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-graphicsPipelineLibrary-06754",
                                 "vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(): Attempt to bind pDescriptorSets[%" PRIu32
                                 "] (%s) that does not exist, and the layout was not created "
                                 "VK_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INDEPENDENT_SETS_BIT_EXT.",
                                 set_idx, report_data->FormatHandle(pDescriptorSets[set_idx]).c_str());
            }
        }
    }
    //  dynamicOffsetCount must equal the total number of dynamic descriptors in the sets being bound
    if (total_dynamic_descriptors != dynamicOffsetCount) {
        skip |= LogError(cb_state->commandBuffer(), "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-dynamicOffsetCount-00359",
                         "vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(): Attempting to bind %u descriptorSets with %u dynamic descriptors, but "
                         "dynamicOffsetCount is %u. It should "
                         "exactly match the number of dynamic descriptors.",
                         setCount, total_dynamic_descriptors, dynamicOffsetCount);
    }
    // firstSet and descriptorSetCount sum must be less than setLayoutCount
    if ((firstSet + setCount) > static_cast<uint32_t>(pipeline_layout->set_layouts.size())) {
        skip |= LogError(cb_state->commandBuffer(), "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-firstSet-00360",
                         "vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(): Sum of firstSet (%u) and descriptorSetCount (%u) is greater than "
                         "VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo::setLayoutCount "
                         "(%zu) when pipeline layout was created",
                         firstSet, setCount, pipeline_layout->set_layouts.size());
    }

    static const std::map<VkPipelineBindPoint, std::string> bindpoint_errors = {
        std::make_pair(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pipelineBindPoint-00361"),
        std::make_pair(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pipelineBindPoint-00361"),
        std::make_pair(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_RAY_TRACING_NV, "VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pipelineBindPoint-00361")};
    skip |= ValidatePipelineBindPoint(cb_state.get(), pipelineBindPoint, "vkCmdBindPipeline()", bindpoint_errors);

    return skip;
}

// Validate descriptor set layout create info
static bool ValidateDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo(
    const ValidationObject *val_obj, const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo *create_info, const bool push_descriptor_ext,
    const uint32_t max_push_descriptors, const bool descriptor_indexing_ext,
    const VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features *core12_features, const VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features *core13_features,
    const VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockPropertiesEXT *inline_uniform_block_props,
    const VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR *acceleration_structure_features,
    const DeviceExtensions *device_extensions) {
    bool skip = false;
    layer_data::unordered_set<uint32_t> bindings;
    uint64_t total_descriptors = 0;

    const auto *flags_create_info = LvlFindInChain<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo>(create_info->pNext);

    const bool push_descriptor_set = !!(create_info->flags & VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_PUSH_DESCRIPTOR_BIT_KHR);
    if (push_descriptor_set && !push_descriptor_ext) {
        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
            val_obj->device, kVUID_Core_DrawState_ExtensionNotEnabled,
            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): Attempted to use %s in %s but its required extension %s has not been enabled.\n",
            "VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_PUSH_DESCRIPTOR_BIT_KHR", "VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo::flags",
            VK_KHR_PUSH_DESCRIPTOR_EXTENSION_NAME);
    }

    const bool update_after_bind_set = !!(create_info->flags & VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT);
    if (update_after_bind_set && !descriptor_indexing_ext) {
        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
            val_obj->device, kVUID_Core_DrawState_ExtensionNotEnabled,
            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): Attemped to use %s in %s but its required extension %s has not been enabled.\n",
            "VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT", "VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo::flags",
            VK_EXT_DESCRIPTOR_INDEXING_EXTENSION_NAME);
    }

    auto valid_type = [push_descriptor_set](const VkDescriptorType type) {
        return !push_descriptor_set ||
               ((type != VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC) && (type != VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC) &&
                (type != VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT));
    };

    uint32_t max_binding = 0;

    uint32_t update_after_bind = create_info->bindingCount;
    uint32_t uniform_buffer_dynamic = create_info->bindingCount;
    uint32_t storage_buffer_dynamic = create_info->bindingCount;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < create_info->bindingCount; ++i) {
        const auto &binding_info = create_info->pBindings[i];
        max_binding = std::max(max_binding, binding_info.binding);

        if (!bindings.insert(binding_info.binding).second) {
            skip |= val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-binding-00279",
                                      "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] has duplicated binding number (%u).", i,
                                      binding_info.binding);
        }
        if (!valid_type(binding_info.descriptorType)) {
            skip |= val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device,
                                      (binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT)
                                          ? "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-flags-02208"
                                          : "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-flags-00280",
                                      "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] has invalid type %s , for push descriptors.", i,
                                      string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
        }

        if (binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT) {
            if (!core13_features->inlineUniformBlock) {
                skip |= val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding-descriptorType-04604",
                                          "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] is creating VkDescriptorSetLayout with "
                                          "descriptor type VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT "
                                          "but the inlineUniformBlock feature is not enabled",
                                          i);
            } else {
                if ((binding_info.descriptorCount % 4) != 0) {
                    skip |= val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding-descriptorType-02209",
                                              "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] has descriptorCount =(%" PRIu32
                                              ") but must be a multiple of 4",
                                              i, binding_info.descriptorCount);
                }
                if (binding_info.descriptorCount > inline_uniform_block_props->maxInlineUniformBlockSize) {
                    skip |=
                        val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding-descriptorType-02210",
                                          "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] has descriptorCount =(%" PRIu32
                                          ") but must be less than or equal to maxInlineUniformBlockSize (%u)",
                                          i, binding_info.descriptorCount, inline_uniform_block_props->maxInlineUniformBlockSize);
                }
            }
        } else if (binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC) {
            uniform_buffer_dynamic = i;
        } else if (binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC) {
            storage_buffer_dynamic = i;
        }

        if ((binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER ||
             binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER) &&
            binding_info.pImmutableSamplers && IsExtEnabled(device_extensions->vk_ext_custom_border_color)) {
            const CoreChecks *core_checks = reinterpret_cast<const CoreChecks *>(val_obj);
            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < binding_info.descriptorCount; j++) {
                auto sampler_state = core_checks->Get<SAMPLER_STATE>(binding_info.pImmutableSamplers[j]);
                if (sampler_state && (sampler_state->createInfo.borderColor == VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_CUSTOM_EXT ||
                                      sampler_state->createInfo.borderColor == VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_CUSTOM_EXT)) {
                    skip |= val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding-pImmutableSamplers-04009",
                                              "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u].pImmutableSamplers[%u] has VkSampler %s"
                                              " presented as immutable has a custom border color",
                                              i, j, val_obj->report_data->FormatHandle(binding_info.pImmutableSamplers[j]).c_str());
                }
            }
        }

        if (binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE && binding_info.pImmutableSamplers != nullptr) {
            skip |= val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding-descriptorType-04605",
                                      "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] has descriptorType "
                                      "VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE but pImmutableSamplers is not NULL.",
                                      i);
        }

        total_descriptors += binding_info.descriptorCount;
    }

    if (flags_create_info) {
        if (flags_create_info->bindingCount != 0 && flags_create_info->bindingCount != create_info->bindingCount) {
            skip |= val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-bindingCount-03002",
                                      "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo::bindingCount (%d) != "
                                      "VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo::bindingCount (%d)",
                                      create_info->bindingCount, flags_create_info->bindingCount);
        }

        if (flags_create_info->bindingCount == create_info->bindingCount) {
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < create_info->bindingCount; ++i) {
                const auto &binding_info = create_info->pBindings[i];

                if (flags_create_info->pBindingFlags[i] & VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT) {
                    update_after_bind = i;
                    if (!update_after_bind_set) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-flags-03000",
                                                  "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] does not have "
                                                  "VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT.",
                                                  i);
                    }

                    if (binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER &&
                        !core12_features->descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
                            val_obj->device,
                            "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-"
                            "descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind-03005",
                            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT "
                            "for %s since descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind is not enabled.",
                            i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }
                    if ((binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER ||
                         binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER ||
                         binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE) &&
                        !core12_features->descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
                            val_obj->device,
                            "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-"
                            "descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind-03006",
                            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT "
                            "for %s since descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind is not enabled.",
                            i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }
                    if (binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE &&
                        !core12_features->descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
                            val_obj->device,
                            "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-"
                            "descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind-03007",
                            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT "
                            "for %s since descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind is not enabled.",
                            i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }
                    if (binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER &&
                        !core12_features->descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
                            val_obj->device,
                            "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-"
                            "descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind-03008",
                            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT "
                            "for %s since descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind is not enabled.",
                            i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }
                    if (binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER &&
                        !core12_features->descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
                            val_obj->device,
                            "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-"
                            "descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind-03009",
                            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT "
                            "for %s since descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind is not enabled.",
                            i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }
                    if (binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER &&
                        !core12_features->descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
                            val_obj->device,
                            "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-"
                            "descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind-03010",
                            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT "
                            "for %s since descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind is not enabled.",
                            i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }
                    if ((binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT ||
                         binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC ||
                         binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC)) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-None-03011",
                                                  "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have "
                                                  "VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT for %s.",
                                                  i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }

                    if (binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT &&
                        !core13_features->descriptorBindingInlineUniformBlockUpdateAfterBind) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
                            val_obj->device,
                            "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-"
                            "descriptorBindingInlineUniformBlockUpdateAfterBind-02211",
                            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT "
                            "for %s since descriptorBindingInlineUniformBlockUpdateAfterBind is not enabled.",
                            i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }
                    if ((binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR ||
                         binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_NV) &&
                        !acceleration_structure_features->descriptorBindingAccelerationStructureUpdateAfterBind) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device,
                                                  "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-"
                                                  "descriptorBindingAccelerationStructureUpdateAfterBind-03570",
                                                  "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%" PRIu32
                                                  "] can't have VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT "
                                                  "for %s if "
                                                  "VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR::"
                                                  "descriptorBindingAccelerationStructureUpdateAfterBind is not enabled.",
                                                  i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }
                }

                if (flags_create_info->pBindingFlags[i] & VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT) {
                    if (!core12_features->descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
                            val_obj->device,
                            "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending-03012",
                            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have "
                            "VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT for %s since "
                            "descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending is not enabled.",
                            i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }
                }

                if (flags_create_info->pBindingFlags[i] & VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_PARTIALLY_BOUND_BIT) {
                    if (!core12_features->descriptorBindingPartiallyBound) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
                            val_obj->device,
                            "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingPartiallyBound-03013",
                            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_PARTIALLY_BOUND_BIT for "
                            "%s since descriptorBindingPartiallyBound is not enabled.",
                            i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }
                }

                if (flags_create_info->pBindingFlags[i] & VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT) {
                    if (binding_info.binding != max_binding) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
                            val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-pBindingFlags-03004",
                            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] has VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT "
                            "but %u is the largest value of all the bindings.",
                            i, binding_info.binding);
                    }

                    if (!core12_features->descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
                            val_obj->device,
                            "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount-03014",
                            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have "
                            "VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT for %s since "
                            "descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount is not enabled.",
                            i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }
                    if ((binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC) ||
                        (binding_info.descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC)) {
                        skip |= val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device,
                                                  "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-pBindingFlags-03015",
                                                  "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have "
                                                  "VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT for %s.",
                                                  i, string_VkDescriptorType(binding_info.descriptorType));
                    }
                }

                if (push_descriptor_set &&
                    (flags_create_info->pBindingFlags[i] &
                     (VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT | VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT |
                      VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT))) {
                    skip |= val_obj->LogError(
                        val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-flags-03003",
                        "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): pBindings[%u] can't have VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT, "
                        "VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT, or "
                        "VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT for with "
                        "VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_PUSH_DESCRIPTOR_BIT_KHR.",
                        i);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (update_after_bind < create_info->bindingCount) {
        if (uniform_buffer_dynamic < create_info->bindingCount) {
            skip |=
                val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03001",
                                  "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): binding (%" PRIi32
                                  ") has VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT "
                                  "flag, but binding (%" PRIi32 ") has descriptor type VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC.",
                                  update_after_bind, uniform_buffer_dynamic);
        }
        if (storage_buffer_dynamic < create_info->bindingCount) {
            skip |=
                val_obj->LogError(val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03001",
                                  "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): binding (%" PRIi32
                                  ") has VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT "
                                  "flag, but binding (%" PRIi32 ") has descriptor type VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC.",
                                  update_after_bind, storage_buffer_dynamic);
        }
    }

    if ((push_descriptor_set) && (total_descriptors > max_push_descriptors)) {
        const char *undefined = push_descriptor_ext ? "" : " -- undefined";
        skip |= val_obj->LogError(
            val_obj->device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-flags-00281",
            "vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(): for push descriptor, total descriptor count in layout (%" PRIu64
            ") must not be greater than VkPhysicalDevicePushDescriptorPropertiesKHR::maxPushDescriptors (%" PRIu32 "%s).",
            total_descriptors, max_push_descriptors, undefined);
    }

    return skip;
}

bool CoreChecks::PreCallValidateCreateDescriptorSetLayout(VkDevice device, const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo *pCreateInfo,
                                                          const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator,
                                                          VkDescriptorSetLayout *pSetLayout) const {
    return ValidateDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo(
        this, pCreateInfo, IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.vk_khr_push_descriptor),
        phys_dev_ext_props.push_descriptor_props.maxPushDescriptors, IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.vk_ext_descriptor_indexing),
        &enabled_features.core12, &enabled_features.core13, &phys_dev_ext_props.inline_uniform_block_props,
        &enabled_features.ray_tracing_acceleration_structure_features, &device_extensions);
}

static std::string StringDescriptorReqViewType(DescriptorReqFlags req) {
    std::string result("");
    for (unsigned i = 0; i <= VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY; i++) {
        if (req & (1 << i)) {
            if (result.size()) result += ", ";
            result += string_VkImageViewType(VkImageViewType(i));
        }
    }

    if (!result.size()) result = "(none)";

    return result;
}

static char const *StringDescriptorReqComponentType(DescriptorReqFlags req) {
    if (req & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_COMPONENT_TYPE_SINT) return "SINT";
    if (req & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_COMPONENT_TYPE_UINT) return "UINT";
    if (req & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_COMPONENT_TYPE_FLOAT) return "FLOAT";
    return "(none)";
}

unsigned DescriptorRequirementsBitsFromFormat(VkFormat fmt) {
    if (FormatIsSINT(fmt)) return DESCRIPTOR_REQ_COMPONENT_TYPE_SINT;
    if (FormatIsUINT(fmt)) return DESCRIPTOR_REQ_COMPONENT_TYPE_UINT;
    // Formats such as VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT are both
    if (FormatIsDepthAndStencil(fmt)) return DESCRIPTOR_REQ_COMPONENT_TYPE_FLOAT | DESCRIPTOR_REQ_COMPONENT_TYPE_UINT;
    if (fmt == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) return 0;
    // everything else -- UNORM/SNORM/FLOAT/USCALED/SSCALED is all float in the shader.
    return DESCRIPTOR_REQ_COMPONENT_TYPE_FLOAT;
}

// Validate that the state of this set is appropriate for the given bindings and dynamic_offsets at Draw time
//  This includes validating that all descriptors in the given bindings are updated,
//  that any update buffers are valid, and that any dynamic offsets are within the bounds of their buffers.
// Return true if state is acceptable, or false and write an error message into error string
bool CoreChecks::ValidateDrawState(const DescriptorSet *descriptor_set, const BindingReqMap &bindings,
                                   const std::vector<uint32_t> &dynamic_offsets, const CMD_BUFFER_STATE *cb_node,
                                   const std::vector<IMAGE_VIEW_STATE *> *attachments, const std::vector<SUBPASS_INFO> *subpasses,
                                   const char *caller, const DrawDispatchVuid &vuids) const {
    layer_data::optional<layer_data::unordered_map<VkImageView, VkImageLayout>> checked_layouts;
    if (descriptor_set->GetTotalDescriptorCount() > cvdescriptorset::PrefilterBindRequestMap::kManyDescriptors_) {
        checked_layouts.emplace();
    }
    bool result = false;
    VkFramebuffer framebuffer = cb_node->activeFramebuffer ? cb_node->activeFramebuffer->framebuffer() : VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    DescriptorContext context{caller,    vuids,       cb_node, descriptor_set,  attachments,
                              subpasses, framebuffer, true,    dynamic_offsets, checked_layouts};

    for (const auto &binding_pair : bindings) {
        const auto *binding = descriptor_set->GetBinding(binding_pair.first);
        if (!binding) {  //  End at construction is the condition for an invalid binding.
            auto set = descriptor_set->GetSet();
            result |= LogError(set, vuids.descriptor_valid,
                               "%s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Attempting to "
                               "validate DrawState for binding #%u  which is an invalid binding for this descriptor set.",
                               report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), caller, binding_pair.first);
            return result;
        }

        if (binding->IsBindless()) {
            // Can't validate the descriptor because it may not have been updated,
            // or the view could have been destroyed
            continue;
        }
        result |= ValidateDescriptorSetBindingData(context, binding_pair, *binding);
    }
    return result;
}

template <typename T>
bool CoreChecks::ValidateDescriptors(const DescriptorContext &context, const DescriptorBindingInfo &binding_info,
                                     const T &binding) const {
    bool skip = false;
    for (uint32_t index = 0; !skip && index < binding.count; index++) {
        const auto &descriptor = binding.descriptors[index];

        if (!descriptor.updated) {
            auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
            return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                            "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor in binding "
                            "#%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                            " is being used in draw but has never been updated via vkUpdateDescriptorSets() or a similar call.",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding_info.first, index);
        }
        skip = ValidateDescriptor(context, binding_info, index, descriptor);
    }
    return skip;
}

bool CoreChecks::ValidateDescriptorSetBindingData(const DescriptorContext &context, const DescriptorBindingInfo &binding_info,
                                                  const cvdescriptorset::DescriptorBinding &binding) const {
    using DescriptorClass = cvdescriptorset::DescriptorClass;
    bool skip = false;
    switch (binding.descriptor_class) {
        case DescriptorClass::InlineUniform:
            // Can't validate the descriptor because it may not have been updated.
            break;
        case DescriptorClass::GeneralBuffer:
            skip = ValidateDescriptors(context, binding_info, static_cast<const cvdescriptorset::BufferBinding &>(binding));
            break;
        case DescriptorClass::ImageSampler:
            skip = ValidateDescriptors(context, binding_info, static_cast<const cvdescriptorset::ImageSamplerBinding &>(binding));
            break;
        case DescriptorClass::Image:
            skip = ValidateDescriptors(context, binding_info, static_cast<const cvdescriptorset::ImageBinding &>(binding));
            break;
        case DescriptorClass::PlainSampler:
            skip = ValidateDescriptors(context, binding_info, static_cast<const cvdescriptorset::SamplerBinding &>(binding));
            break;
        case DescriptorClass::TexelBuffer:
            skip = ValidateDescriptors(context, binding_info, static_cast<const cvdescriptorset::TexelBinding &>(binding));
            break;
        case DescriptorClass::AccelerationStructure:
            skip = ValidateDescriptors(context, binding_info,
                                       static_cast<const cvdescriptorset::AccelerationStructureBinding &>(binding));
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
    return skip;
}

bool CoreChecks::ValidateDescriptor(const DescriptorContext &context, const DescriptorBindingInfo &binding_info, uint32_t index,
                                    const cvdescriptorset::BufferDescriptor &descriptor) const {
    // Verify that buffers are valid
    auto buffer = descriptor.GetBuffer();
    auto buffer_node = descriptor.GetBufferState();
    if ((!buffer_node && !enabled_features.robustness2_features.nullDescriptor) || (buffer_node && buffer_node->Destroyed())) {
        auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
        return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                        "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor in "
                        "binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " is using buffer %s that is invalid or has been destroyed.",
                        report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding_info.first, index,
                        report_data->FormatHandle(buffer).c_str());
    }
    if (buffer) {
        if (buffer_node /* && !buffer_node->sparse*/) {
            for (const auto &binding : buffer_node->GetInvalidMemory()) {
                auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                                "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor in "
                                "binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " is uses buffer %s that references invalid memory %s.",
                                report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding_info.first, index,
                                report_data->FormatHandle(buffer).c_str(), report_data->FormatHandle(binding->mem()).c_str());
            }
        }
        if (enabled_features.core11.protectedMemory == VK_TRUE) {
            if (ValidateProtectedBuffer(context.cb_node, buffer_node, context.caller, context.vuids.unprotected_command_buffer,
                                        "Buffer is in a descriptorSet")) {
                return true;
            }
            if (binding_info.second.is_writable &&
                ValidateUnprotectedBuffer(context.cb_node, buffer_node, context.caller, context.vuids.protected_command_buffer,
                                          "Buffer is in a descriptorSet")) {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

bool CoreChecks::ValidateDescriptor(const DescriptorContext &context, const DescriptorBindingInfo &binding_info, uint32_t index,
                                    const cvdescriptorset::ImageDescriptor &image_descriptor) const {
    std::vector<const SAMPLER_STATE *> sampler_states;
    VkImageView image_view = image_descriptor.GetImageView();
    const IMAGE_VIEW_STATE *image_view_state = image_descriptor.GetImageViewState();
    const auto binding = binding_info.first;

    if (image_descriptor.GetClass() == cvdescriptorset::DescriptorClass::ImageSampler) {
        sampler_states.emplace_back(
            static_cast<const cvdescriptorset::ImageSamplerDescriptor &>(image_descriptor).GetSamplerState());
    } else {
        if (binding_info.second.samplers_used_by_image.size() > index) {
            for (const auto &desc_index : binding_info.second.samplers_used_by_image[index]) {
                const auto *desc =
                    context.descriptor_set->GetDescriptorFromBinding(desc_index.sampler_slot.binding, desc_index.sampler_index);
                // NOTE: This check _shouldn't_ be necessary due to the checks made in IsSpecificDescriptorType in
                //       shader_validation.cpp. However, without this check some traces still crash.
                if (desc && (desc->GetClass() == cvdescriptorset::DescriptorClass::PlainSampler)) {
                    const auto *sampler_state = static_cast<const cvdescriptorset::SamplerDescriptor *>(desc)->GetSamplerState();
                    if (sampler_state) sampler_states.emplace_back(sampler_state);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if ((!image_view_state && !enabled_features.robustness2_features.nullDescriptor) ||
        (image_view_state && image_view_state->Destroyed())) {
        // Image view must have been destroyed since initial update. Could potentially flag the descriptor
        //  as "invalid" (updated = false) at DestroyImageView() time and detect this error at bind time

        auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
        return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                        "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor in "
                        "binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " is using imageView %s that is invalid or has been destroyed.",
                        report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                        report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str());
    }
    if (image_view) {
        const auto reqs = binding_info.second.reqs;
        const auto &image_view_ci = image_view_state->create_info;

        if (reqs & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_ALL_VIEW_TYPE_BITS) {
            if (~reqs & (1 << image_view_ci.viewType)) {
                auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                                "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor "
                                "in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " requires an image view of type %s but got %s.",
                                report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                                StringDescriptorReqViewType(reqs).c_str(), string_VkImageViewType(image_view_ci.viewType));
            }

            if (!(reqs & image_view_state->descriptor_format_bits)) {
                // bad component type
                auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                                "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: "
                                "Descriptor in binding "
                                "#%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " requires %s component type, but bound descriptor format is %s.",
                                report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                                StringDescriptorReqComponentType(reqs), string_VkFormat(image_view_ci.format));
            }
        }

        // NOTE: Submit time validation of UPDATE_AFTER_BIND image layout is not possible with the
        // image layout tracking as currently implemented, so only record_time_validation is done
        if (!disabled[image_layout_validation] && context.record_time_validate) {
            VkImageLayout image_layout = image_descriptor.GetImageLayout();
            // Verify Image Layout
            // No "invalid layout" VUID required for this call, since the optimal_layout parameter is UNDEFINED.
            // The caller provides a checked_layouts map when there are a large number of layouts to check,
            // making it worthwhile to keep track of verified layouts and not recheck them.
            bool already_validated = false;
            if (context.checked_layouts) {
                auto search = context.checked_layouts->find(image_view);
                if (search != context.checked_layouts->end() && search->second == image_layout) {
                    already_validated = true;
                }
            }
            if (!already_validated) {
                bool hit_error = false;
                VerifyImageLayout(*context.cb_node, *image_view_state, image_layout, context.caller,
                                  "VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-imageLayout-00344", &hit_error);
                if (hit_error) {
                    auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                    return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                                    "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Image layout "
                                    "specified "
                                    "at vkUpdateDescriptorSet* or vkCmdPushDescriptorSet* time "
                                    "doesn't match actual image layout at time descriptor is used. See previous error callback for "
                                    "specific details.",
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller);
                }
                if (context.checked_layouts) {
                    context.checked_layouts->emplace(image_view, image_layout);
                }
            }
        }

        // Verify Sample counts
        if ((reqs & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_SINGLE_SAMPLE) && image_view_state->samples != VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT) {
            auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
            return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                            "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor in "
                            "binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " requires bound image to have VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT but got %s.",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                            string_VkSampleCountFlagBits(image_view_state->samples));
        }
        if ((reqs & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_MULTI_SAMPLE) && image_view_state->samples == VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT) {
            auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
            return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                            "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor "
                            "in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                            " requires bound image to have multiple samples, but got VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT.",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index);
        }

        // Verify VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT
        if ((reqs & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_VIEW_ATOMIC_OPERATION) &&
            (image_descriptor.active_descriptor_type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE) &&
            !(image_view_state->format_features & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT)) {
            auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
            LogObjectList objlist(set);
            objlist.add(image_view);
            return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.imageview_atomic,
                            "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor "
                            "in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                            ", %s, format %s, doesn't "
                            "contain VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT.",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                            report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(), string_VkFormat(image_view_ci.format));
        }

        // When KHR_format_feature_flags2 is supported, the read/write without
        // format support is reported per format rather as a blankey physical
        // device feature.
        if (has_format_feature2) {
            const VkFormatFeatureFlags2 format_features = image_view_state->format_features;

            if (image_descriptor.active_descriptor_type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE) {
                if ((reqs & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_IMAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT) &&
                    !(format_features & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT)) {
                    auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                    LogObjectList objlist(set);
                    objlist.add(image_view);
                    return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.storage_image_read_without_format,
                                    "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor "
                                    "in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                    ", %s, image view format %s feature flags (%s) doesn't "
                                    "contain VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT",
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(), string_VkFormat(image_view_ci.format),
                                    string_VkFormatFeatureFlags2(format_features).c_str());
                }

                if ((reqs & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_IMAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT) &&
                    !(format_features & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT)) {
                    auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                    LogObjectList objlist(set);
                    objlist.add(image_view);
                    return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.storage_image_write_without_format,
                                    "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor "
                                    "in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                    ", %s, image view format %s feature flags (%s) doesn't "
                                    "contain VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT",
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(), string_VkFormat(image_view_ci.format),
                                    string_VkFormatFeatureFlags2(format_features).c_str());
                }
            }

            if ((reqs & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_IMAGE_DREF) && !(format_features & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT)) {
                auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                LogObjectList objlist(set);
                objlist.add(image_view);
                return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.depth_compare_sample,
                                "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor "
                                "in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                ", %s, image view format %s feature flags (%s) doesn't "
                                "contain VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT",
                                report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                                report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(), string_VkFormat(image_view_ci.format),
                                string_VkFormatFeatureFlags2(format_features).c_str());
            }
        }

        // Verify if attachments are used in DescriptorSet
        if (context.attachments && context.attachments->size() > 0 && context.subpasses &&
            (image_descriptor.active_descriptor_type != VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT)) {
            for (uint32_t att_index = 0; att_index < context.attachments->size(); ++att_index) {
                const auto &view_state = (*context.attachments)[att_index];
                const SUBPASS_INFO &subpass = (*context.subpasses)[att_index];
                if (!view_state || view_state->Destroyed()) {
                    continue;
                }
                bool same_view = view_state->image_view() == image_view;
                bool overlapping_view = image_view_state->OverlapSubresource(*view_state);
                if (!same_view && !overlapping_view) {
                    continue;
                }

                bool descriptor_readable = false;
                bool descriptor_writable = false;
                uint32_t set_index = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < context.cb_node->lastBound[VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS].per_set.size(); ++i) {
                    const auto &set = context.cb_node->lastBound[VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS].per_set[i];
                    if (set.bound_descriptor_set.get() == context.descriptor_set) {
                        set_index = i;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                assert(set_index != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
                const auto pipeline = context.cb_node->GetCurrentPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS);
                for (const auto &stage : pipeline->stage_state) {
                    for (const auto &descriptor : stage.descriptor_uses) {
                        if (descriptor.first.set == set_index && descriptor.first.binding == binding) {
                            descriptor_writable |= descriptor.second.is_writable;
                            descriptor_readable |=
                                descriptor.second.is_readable | descriptor.second.is_sampler_implicitLod_dref_proj;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }

                bool layout_read_only = IsImageLayoutReadOnly(subpass.layout);
                bool write_attachment =
                    (subpass.usage & (VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT)) > 0 &&
                    !layout_read_only;
                if (write_attachment && descriptor_readable) {
                    if (same_view) {
                        auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                        LogObjectList objlist(set);
                        objlist.add(image_view);
                        objlist.add(context.framebuffer);
                        return LogError(
                            objlist, context.vuids.image_subresources_subpass_read,
                            "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: %s is being read from in "
                            "Descriptor in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                            " and will be written to as %s attachment # %" PRIu32 ".",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(),
                            binding, index, report_data->FormatHandle(context.framebuffer).c_str(), att_index);
                    } else if (overlapping_view) {
                        auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                        LogObjectList objlist(set);
                        objlist.add(image_view);
                        objlist.add(context.framebuffer);
                        objlist.add(view_state->image_view());
                        return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.image_subresources_subpass_read,
                                        "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: "
                                        "Image subresources of %s is being read from in "
                                        "Descriptor in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                        " and will be written to as %s in %s attachment # %" PRIu32 " overlap.",
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller,
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(), binding, index,
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(view_state->image_view()).c_str(),
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(context.framebuffer).c_str(), att_index);
                    }
                }
                bool read_attachment = (subpass.usage & (VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT)) > 0;
                if (read_attachment && descriptor_writable) {
                    if (same_view) {
                        auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                        LogObjectList objlist(set);
                        objlist.add(image_view);
                        objlist.add(context.framebuffer);
                        return LogError(
                            objlist, context.vuids.image_subresources_subpass_write,
                            "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: %s is being written to in "
                            "Descriptor in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " and read from as %s attachment # %" PRIu32 ".",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(),
                            binding, index, report_data->FormatHandle(context.framebuffer).c_str(), att_index);
                    } else if (overlapping_view) {
                        auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                        LogObjectList objlist(set);
                        objlist.add(image_view);
                        objlist.add(context.framebuffer);
                        objlist.add(view_state->image_view());
                        return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.image_subresources_subpass_write,
                                        "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: "
                                        "Image subresources of %s is being written to in "
                                        "Descriptor in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                        " and will be read from as %s in %s attachment # %" PRIu32 " overlap.",
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller,
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(), binding, index,
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(view_state->image_view()).c_str(),
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(context.framebuffer).c_str(), att_index);
                    }
                }

                if (descriptor_writable && !layout_read_only) {
                    if (same_view) {
                        auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                        LogObjectList objlist(set);
                        objlist.add(image_view);
                        objlist.add(context.framebuffer);
                        return LogError(
                            objlist, context.vuids.image_subresources_render_pass_write,
                            "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: %s is used in "
                            "Descriptor in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " as writable and %s attachment # %" PRIu32 ".",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(),
                            binding, index, report_data->FormatHandle(context.framebuffer).c_str(), att_index);
                    } else if (overlapping_view) {
                        auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                        LogObjectList objlist(set);
                        objlist.add(image_view);
                        objlist.add(context.framebuffer);
                        objlist.add(view_state->image_view());
                        return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.image_subresources_render_pass_write,
                                        "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: "
                                        "Image subresources of %s in "
                                        "writable Descriptor in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                        " and %s in %s attachment # %" PRIu32 " overlap.",
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller,
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(), binding, index,
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(view_state->image_view()).c_str(),
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(context.framebuffer).c_str(), att_index);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (enabled_features.core11.protectedMemory == VK_TRUE) {
                if (ValidateProtectedImage(context.cb_node, image_view_state->image_state.get(), context.caller,
                                           context.vuids.unprotected_command_buffer, "Image is in a descriptorSet")) {
                    return true;
                }
                if (binding_info.second.is_writable &&
                    ValidateUnprotectedImage(context.cb_node, image_view_state->image_state.get(), context.caller,
                                             context.vuids.protected_command_buffer, "Image is in a descriptorSet")) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

        for (const auto *sampler_state : sampler_states) {
            if (!sampler_state || sampler_state->Destroyed()) {
                continue;
            }

            // TODO: Validate 04015 for DescriptorClass::PlainSampler
            if ((sampler_state->createInfo.borderColor == VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_CUSTOM_EXT ||
                 sampler_state->createInfo.borderColor == VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_CUSTOM_EXT) &&
                (sampler_state->customCreateInfo.format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED)) {
                if (image_view_state->create_info.format == VK_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM_PACK16 ||
                    image_view_state->create_info.format == VK_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM_PACK16 ||
                    image_view_state->create_info.format == VK_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM_PACK16) {
                    auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                    LogObjectList objlist(set);
                    objlist.add(sampler_state->sampler());
                    objlist.add(image_view_state->image_view());
                    return LogError(objlist, "VUID-VkSamplerCustomBorderColorCreateInfoEXT-format-04015",
                                    "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Sampler %s in "
                                    "binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                    " has a custom border color with format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED and is used to "
                                    "sample an image view %s with format %s",
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller,
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(sampler_state->sampler()).c_str(), binding, index,
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(image_view_state->image_view()).c_str(),
                                    string_VkFormat(image_view_state->create_info.format));
                }
            }
            VkFilter sampler_mag_filter = sampler_state->createInfo.magFilter;
            VkFilter sampler_min_filter = sampler_state->createInfo.minFilter;
            VkBool32 sampler_compare_enable = sampler_state->createInfo.compareEnable;
            if ((sampler_mag_filter == VK_FILTER_LINEAR || sampler_min_filter == VK_FILTER_LINEAR) &&
                (sampler_compare_enable == VK_FALSE) &&
                !(image_view_state->format_features & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT)) {
                auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                LogObjectList objlist(set);
                objlist.add(sampler_state->sampler());
                objlist.add(image_view_state->image_view());
                return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.linear_sampler,
                                "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Sampler "
                                "(%s) is set to use VK_FILTER_LINEAR with "
                                "compareEnable is set to VK_FALSE, but image view's (%s) format (%s) does not "
                                "contain VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT in its format features.",
                                report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller,
                                report_data->FormatHandle(sampler_state->sampler()).c_str(),
                                report_data->FormatHandle(image_view_state->image_view()).c_str(),
                                string_VkFormat(image_view_state->create_info.format));
            }
            if (sampler_mag_filter == VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT || sampler_min_filter == VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT) {
                if (!(image_view_state->format_features & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_CUBIC_BIT_EXT)) {
                    auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                    LogObjectList objlist(set);
                    objlist.add(sampler_state->sampler());
                    objlist.add(image_view_state->image_view());
                    return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.cubic_sampler,
                                    "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: "
                                    "Sampler (%s) is set to use VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT, then "
                                    "image view's (%s) format (%s) MUST contain "
                                    "VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_CUBIC_BIT_EXT in its format features.",
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller,
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(sampler_state->sampler()).c_str(),
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(image_view_state->image_view()).c_str(),
                                    string_VkFormat(image_view_state->create_info.format));
                }

                if (IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.vk_ext_filter_cubic)) {
                    const auto reduction_mode_info =
                        LvlFindInChain<VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo>(sampler_state->createInfo.pNext);
                    if (reduction_mode_info &&
                        (reduction_mode_info->reductionMode == VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN ||
                         reduction_mode_info->reductionMode == VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX) &&
                        !image_view_state->filter_cubic_props.filterCubicMinmax) {
                        auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                        LogObjectList objlist(set);
                        objlist.add(sampler_state->sampler());
                        objlist.add(image_view_state->image_view());
                        return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.filter_cubic_min_max,
                                        "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: "
                                        "Sampler (%s) is set to use VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT & %s, "
                                        "but image view (%s) doesn't support filterCubicMinmax.",
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller,
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(sampler_state->sampler()).c_str(),
                                        string_VkSamplerReductionMode(reduction_mode_info->reductionMode),
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(image_view_state->image_view()).c_str());
                    }

                    if (!image_view_state->filter_cubic_props.filterCubic) {
                        auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                        LogObjectList objlist(set);
                        objlist.add(sampler_state->sampler());
                        objlist.add(image_view_state->image_view());
                        return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.filter_cubic,
                                        "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: "
                                        "Sampler (%s) is set to use VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT, "
                                        "but image view (%s) doesn't support filterCubic.",
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller,
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(sampler_state->sampler()).c_str(),
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(image_view_state->image_view()).c_str());
                    }
                }

                if (IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.vk_img_filter_cubic)) {
                    if (image_view_state->create_info.viewType == VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D ||
                        image_view_state->create_info.viewType == VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE ||
                        image_view_state->create_info.viewType == VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY) {
                        auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                        LogObjectList objlist(set);
                        objlist.add(sampler_state->sampler());
                        objlist.add(image_view_state->image_view());
                        return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.img_filter_cubic,
                                        "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Sampler "
                                        "(%s)is set to use VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT while the VK_IMG_filter_cubic extension "
                                        "is enabled, but image view (%s) has an invalid imageViewType (%s).",
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller,
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(sampler_state->sampler()).c_str(),
                                        report_data->FormatHandle(image_view_state->image_view()).c_str(),
                                        string_VkImageViewType(image_view_state->create_info.viewType));
                    }
                }
            }
            const auto image_state = image_view_state->image_state.get();
            if ((image_state->createInfo.flags & VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV) &&
                (sampler_state->createInfo.addressModeU != VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE ||
                 sampler_state->createInfo.addressModeV != VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE ||
                 sampler_state->createInfo.addressModeW != VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE)) {
                std::string address_mode_letter =
                    (sampler_state->createInfo.addressModeU != VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE)
                        ? "U"
                        : (sampler_state->createInfo.addressModeV != VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE) ? "V" : "W";
                VkSamplerAddressMode address_mode =
                    (sampler_state->createInfo.addressModeU != VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE)
                        ? sampler_state->createInfo.addressModeU
                        : (sampler_state->createInfo.addressModeV != VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE)
                              ? sampler_state->createInfo.addressModeV
                              : sampler_state->createInfo.addressModeW;
                auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                LogObjectList objlist(set);
                objlist.add(sampler_state->sampler());
                objlist.add(image_state->image());
                objlist.add(image_view_state->image_view());
                return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.corner_sampled_address_mode,
                                "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Image "
                                "(%s) in image view (%s) is created with flag "
                                "VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV and can only be sampled using "
                                "VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_EDGE, but sampler (%s) has "
                                "createInfo.addressMode%s set to %s.",
                                report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller,
                                report_data->FormatHandle(image_state->image()).c_str(),
                                report_data->FormatHandle(image_view_state->image_view()).c_str(),
                                report_data->FormatHandle(sampler_state->sampler()).c_str(), address_mode_letter.c_str(),
                                string_VkSamplerAddressMode(address_mode));
            }

            // UnnormalizedCoordinates sampler validations
            if (sampler_state->createInfo.unnormalizedCoordinates) {
                // If ImageView is used by a unnormalizedCoordinates sampler, it needs to check ImageView type
                if (image_view_ci.viewType == VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D || image_view_ci.viewType == VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE ||
                    image_view_ci.viewType == VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY ||
                    image_view_ci.viewType == VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY ||
                    image_view_ci.viewType == VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY) {
                    auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                    LogObjectList objlist(set);
                    objlist.add(image_view);
                    objlist.add(sampler_state->sampler());
                    return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.sampler_imageview_type,
                                    "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: %s, type: %s in "
                                    "Descriptor in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 "is used by %s.",
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller,
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(), string_VkImageViewType(image_view_ci.viewType),
                                    binding, index, report_data->FormatHandle(sampler_state->sampler()).c_str());
                }

                // sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V OpImageSample* or OpImageSparseSample*
                // instructions with ImplicitLod, Dref or Proj in their name
                if (reqs & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_SAMPLER_IMPLICITLOD_DREF_PROJ) {
                    auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                    LogObjectList objlist(set);
                    objlist.add(image_view);
                    objlist.add(sampler_state->sampler());
                    return LogError(
                        objlist, context.vuids.sampler_implicitLod_dref_proj,
                        "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: %s in "
                        "Descriptor in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " is used by %s that uses invalid operator.",
                        report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(),
                        binding, index, report_data->FormatHandle(sampler_state->sampler()).c_str());
                }

                // sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V OpImageSample* or OpImageSparseSample*
                // instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values
                if (reqs & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_SAMPLER_BIAS_OFFSET) {
                    auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                    LogObjectList objlist(set);
                    objlist.add(image_view);
                    objlist.add(sampler_state->sampler());
                    return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.sampler_bias_offset,
                                    "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: %s in "
                                    "Descriptor in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                    " is used by %s that uses invalid bias or offset operator.",
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller,
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(image_view).c_str(), binding, index,
                                    report_data->FormatHandle(sampler_state->sampler()).c_str());
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

bool CoreChecks::ValidateDescriptor(const DescriptorContext &context, const DescriptorBindingInfo &binding_info, uint32_t index,
                                    const cvdescriptorset::ImageSamplerDescriptor &descriptor) const {
    bool skip = ValidateDescriptor(context, binding_info, index, static_cast<const cvdescriptorset::ImageDescriptor &>(descriptor));
    if (!skip) {
        skip =
            ValidateSamplerDescriptor(context.caller, context.vuids, context.cb_node, context.descriptor_set, binding_info, index,
                                      descriptor.GetSampler(), descriptor.IsImmutableSampler(), descriptor.GetSamplerState());
    }
    return skip;
}

bool CoreChecks::ValidateDescriptor(const DescriptorContext &context, const DescriptorBindingInfo &binding_info, uint32_t index,
                                    const cvdescriptorset::TexelDescriptor &texel_descriptor) const {
    auto buffer_view = texel_descriptor.GetBufferView();
    auto buffer_view_state = texel_descriptor.GetBufferViewState();
    const auto binding = binding_info.first;
    const auto reqs = binding_info.second.reqs;
    if ((!buffer_view_state && !enabled_features.robustness2_features.nullDescriptor) ||
        (buffer_view_state && buffer_view_state->Destroyed())) {
        auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
        return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                        "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor in "
                        "binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " is using bufferView %s that is invalid or has been destroyed.",
                        report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                        report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_view).c_str());
    }
    if (buffer_view) {
        auto buffer = buffer_view_state->create_info.buffer;
        const auto *buffer_state = buffer_view_state->buffer_state.get();
        const VkFormat buffer_view_format = buffer_view_state->create_info.format;
        if (buffer_state->Destroyed()) {
            auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
            return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                            "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor in "
                            "binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " is using buffer %s that has been destroyed.",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                            report_data->FormatHandle(buffer).c_str());
        }
        auto format_bits = DescriptorRequirementsBitsFromFormat(buffer_view_format);

        if (!(reqs & format_bits)) {
            // bad component type
            auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
            return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                            "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor in "
                            "binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " requires %s component type, but bound descriptor format is %s.",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                            StringDescriptorReqComponentType(reqs), string_VkFormat(buffer_view_format));
        }

        const VkFormatFeatureFlags2KHR buf_format_features = buffer_view_state->buf_format_features;
        const VkFormatFeatureFlags2KHR img_format_features = buffer_view_state->img_format_features;
        const VkDescriptorType descriptor_type = context.descriptor_set->GetBinding(binding)->type;

        // Verify VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT
        if ((reqs & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_VIEW_ATOMIC_OPERATION) && (descriptor_type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER) &&
            !(buf_format_features & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT)) {
            auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
            LogObjectList objlist(set);
            objlist.add(buffer_view);
            return LogError(objlist, "UNASSIGNED-None-MismatchAtomicBufferFeature",
                            "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor "
                            "in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                            ", %s, format %s, doesn't "
                            "contain VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT.",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                            report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_view).c_str(), string_VkFormat(buffer_view_format));
        }

        if (descriptor_type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER) {
            if ((reqs & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_IMAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT) &&
                !(img_format_features & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT_KHR)) {
                auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                LogObjectList objlist(set);
                objlist.add(buffer_view);
                return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.storage_image_read_without_format,
                                "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor "
                                "in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                ", %s, buffer view format %s feature flags (%s) doesn't "
                                "contain VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT_KHR",
                                report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                                report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_view).c_str(), string_VkFormat(buffer_view_format),
                                string_VkFormatFeatureFlags2KHR(img_format_features).c_str());
            }

            if ((reqs & DESCRIPTOR_REQ_IMAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT) &&
                !(img_format_features & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT_KHR)) {
                auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                LogObjectList objlist(set);
                objlist.add(buffer_view);
                return LogError(objlist, context.vuids.storage_image_write_without_format,
                                "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor "
                                "in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                ", %s, buffer view format %s feature flags (%s) doesn't "
                                "contain VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT_KHR",
                                report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                                report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_view).c_str(), string_VkFormat(buffer_view_format),
                                string_VkFormatFeatureFlags2KHR(img_format_features).c_str());
            }
        }

        if (enabled_features.core11.protectedMemory == VK_TRUE) {
            if (ValidateProtectedBuffer(context.cb_node, buffer_view_state->buffer_state.get(), context.caller,
                                        context.vuids.unprotected_command_buffer, "Buffer is in a descriptorSet")) {
                return true;
            }
            if (binding_info.second.is_writable &&
                ValidateUnprotectedBuffer(context.cb_node, buffer_view_state->buffer_state.get(), context.caller,
                                          context.vuids.protected_command_buffer, "Buffer is in a descriptorSet")) {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

bool CoreChecks::ValidateDescriptor(const DescriptorContext &context, const DescriptorBindingInfo &binding_info, uint32_t index,
                                    const cvdescriptorset::AccelerationStructureDescriptor &descriptor) const {
    // Verify that acceleration structures are valid
    const auto binding = binding_info.first;
    if (descriptor.is_khr()) {
        auto acc = descriptor.GetAccelerationStructure();
        auto acc_node = descriptor.GetAccelerationStructureStateKHR();
        if (!acc_node || acc_node->Destroyed()) {
            if (acc != VK_NULL_HANDLE || !enabled_features.robustness2_features.nullDescriptor) {
                auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                                "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: "
                                "Descriptor in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                " is using acceleration structure %s that is invalid or has been destroyed.",
                                report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                                report_data->FormatHandle(acc).c_str());
            }
        } else {
            for (const auto &mem_binding : acc_node->buffer_state->GetInvalidMemory()) {
                auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                                "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor in "
                                "binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                " is using acceleration structure %s that references invalid memory %s.",
                                report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                                report_data->FormatHandle(acc).c_str(), report_data->FormatHandle(mem_binding->mem()).c_str());
            }
        }
    } else {
        auto acc = descriptor.GetAccelerationStructureNV();
        auto acc_node = descriptor.GetAccelerationStructureStateNV();
        if (!acc_node || acc_node->Destroyed()) {
            if (acc != VK_NULL_HANDLE || !enabled_features.robustness2_features.nullDescriptor) {
                auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                                "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: "
                                "Descriptor in binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                " is using acceleration structure %s that is invalid or has been destroyed.",
                                report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                                report_data->FormatHandle(acc).c_str());
            }
        } else {
            for (const auto &mem_binding : acc_node->GetInvalidMemory()) {
                auto set = context.descriptor_set->GetSet();
                return LogError(set, context.vuids.descriptor_valid,
                                "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor in "
                                "binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32
                                " is using acceleration structure %s that references invalid memory %s.",
                                report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), context.caller, binding, index,
                                report_data->FormatHandle(acc).c_str(), report_data->FormatHandle(mem_binding->mem()).c_str());
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

// If the validation is related to both of image and sampler,
// please leave it in (descriptor_class == DescriptorClass::ImageSampler || descriptor_class ==
// DescriptorClass::Image) Here is to validate for only sampler.
bool CoreChecks::ValidateSamplerDescriptor(const char *caller, const DrawDispatchVuid &vuids, const CMD_BUFFER_STATE *cb_node,
                                           const cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSet *descriptor_set,
                                           const std::pair<const uint32_t, DescriptorRequirement> &binding_info, uint32_t index,
                                           VkSampler sampler, bool is_immutable, const SAMPLER_STATE *sampler_state) const {
    // Verify Sampler still valid
    if (!sampler_state || sampler_state->Destroyed()) {
        auto set = descriptor_set->GetSet();
        return LogError(set, vuids.descriptor_valid,
                        "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: Descriptor in "
                        "binding #%" PRIu32 " index %" PRIu32 " is using sampler %s that is invalid or has been destroyed.",
                        report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), caller, binding_info.first, index,
                        report_data->FormatHandle(sampler).c_str());
    } else {
        if (sampler_state->samplerConversion && !is_immutable) {
            auto set = descriptor_set->GetSet();
            return LogError(set, vuids.descriptor_valid,
                            "Descriptor set %s encountered the following validation error at %s time: sampler (%s) "
                            "in the descriptor set (%s) contains a YCBCR conversion (%s), then the sampler MUST "
                            "also exist as an immutable sampler.",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(set).c_str(), caller, report_data->FormatHandle(sampler).c_str(),
                            report_data->FormatHandle(descriptor_set->GetSet()).c_str(),
                            report_data->FormatHandle(sampler_state->samplerConversion).c_str());
        }
    }
    return false;
}

bool CoreChecks::ValidateDescriptor(const DescriptorContext &context, const DescriptorBindingInfo &binding_info, uint32_t index,
                                    const cvdescriptorset::SamplerDescriptor &descriptor) const {
    return ValidateSamplerDescriptor(context.caller, context.vuids, context.cb_node, context.descriptor_set, binding_info, index,
                                     descriptor.GetSampler(), descriptor.IsImmutableSampler(), descriptor.GetSamplerState());
}

// Starting at offset descriptor of given binding, parse over update_count
//  descriptor updates and verify that for any binding boundaries that are crossed, the next binding(s) are all consistent
//  Consistency means that their type, stage flags, and whether or not they use immutable samplers matches
//  If so, return true. If not, fill in error_msg and return false
static bool VerifyUpdateConsistency(debug_report_data *report_data, const DescriptorSet &set, uint32_t binding, uint32_t offset,
                                    uint32_t update_count, const char *type, std::string *error_msg) {
    auto current_iter = set.FindBinding(binding);
    bool pass = true;
    // Verify consecutive bindings match (if needed)
    auto &orig_binding = **current_iter;
    while (pass && update_count) {
        // First, it's legal to offset beyond your own binding so handle that case
        if (offset > 0) {
            // index_range.start + offset is which descriptor is needed to update. If it > index_range.end, it means the descriptor
            // isn't in this binding, maybe in next binding.
            if (offset > (*current_iter)->count) {
                // Advance to next binding, decrement offset by binding size
                offset -= (*current_iter)->count;
                ++current_iter;
                // Verify next consecutive binding matches type, stage flags & immutable sampler use and if AtEnd
                if (current_iter == set.end() || !orig_binding.IsConsistent(**current_iter)) {
                    pass = false;
                }
                continue;
            }
        }

        update_count -= std::min(update_count, (*current_iter)->count - offset);
        if (update_count) {
            // Starting offset is beyond the current binding. Check consistency, update counters and advance to the next binding,
            // looking for the start point. All bindings (even those skipped) must be consistent with the update and with the
            // original binding.
            offset = 0;
            ++current_iter;
            // Verify next consecutive binding matches type, stage flags & immutable sampler use and if AtEnd
            if (current_iter == set.end() || !orig_binding.IsConsistent(**current_iter)) {
                pass = false;
            }
        }
    }

    if (!pass) {
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "Attempting " << type;
        if (set.IsPushDescriptor()) {
            error_str << " push descriptors";
        } else {
            error_str << " descriptor set " << report_data->FormatHandle(set.Handle());
        }
        error_str << " binding #" << orig_binding.binding << " with #" << update_count
                  << " descriptors being updated but this update oversteps the bounds of this binding and the next binding is "
                     "not consistent with current binding";
        if (current_iter == set.end()) {
            error_str << " (update past the end of the descriptor set)";
        } else {
            auto current_binding = current_iter->get();
            // Get what was not consistent in IsConsistent() as a more detailed error message
            if (current_binding->type != orig_binding.type) {
                error_str << " (" << string_VkDescriptorType(current_binding->type)
                          << " != " << string_VkDescriptorType(orig_binding.type) << ")";
            } else if (current_binding->stage_flags != orig_binding.stage_flags) {
                error_str << " (" << string_VkShaderStageFlags(current_binding->stage_flags)
                          << " != " << string_VkShaderStageFlags(orig_binding.stage_flags) << ")";
            } else if (current_binding->has_immutable_samplers != orig_binding.has_immutable_samplers) {
                error_str << " (pImmutableSamplers don't match)";
            } else if (current_binding->binding_flags != orig_binding.binding_flags) {
                error_str << " (" << string_VkDescriptorBindingFlags(current_binding->binding_flags)
                          << " != " << string_VkDescriptorBindingFlags(orig_binding.binding_flags) << ")";
            }
        }

        error_str << " so this update is invalid";
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
    }
    return pass;
}

// Validate Copy update
bool CoreChecks::ValidateCopyUpdate(const VkCopyDescriptorSet *update, const DescriptorSet *dst_set, const DescriptorSet *src_set,
                                    const char *func_name, std::string *error_code, std::string *error_msg) const {
    const auto *dst_layout = dst_set->GetLayout().get();
    const auto *src_layout = src_set->GetLayout().get();

    // Verify dst layout still valid
    if (dst_layout->Destroyed()) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstSet-parameter";
        std::ostringstream str;
        str << "Cannot call " << func_name << " to perform copy update on dstSet " << report_data->FormatHandle(dst_set->GetSet())
            << " created with destroyed " << report_data->FormatHandle(dst_layout->GetDescriptorSetLayout()) << ".";
        *error_msg = str.str();
        return false;
    }

    // Verify src layout still valid
    if (src_layout->Destroyed()) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-parameter";
        std::ostringstream str;
        str << "Cannot call " << func_name << " to perform copy update on dstSet " << report_data->FormatHandle(dst_set->GetSet())
            << " from srcSet " << report_data->FormatHandle(src_set->GetSet()) << " created with destroyed "
            << report_data->FormatHandle(src_layout->GetDescriptorSetLayout()) << ".";
        *error_msg = str.str();
        return false;
    }

    if (!dst_layout->HasBinding(update->dstBinding)) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstBinding-00347";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "DescriptorSet " << report_data->FormatHandle(dst_set->GetSet())
                  << " does not have copy update dest binding of " << update->dstBinding;
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }
    if (!src_set->HasBinding(update->srcBinding)) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcBinding-00345";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "DescriptorSet " << report_data->FormatHandle(src_set->GetSet())
                  << " does not have copy update src binding of " << update->srcBinding;
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }
    // Verify idle ds
    if (dst_set->InUse() &&
        !(dst_layout->GetDescriptorBindingFlagsFromBinding(update->dstBinding) &
          (VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT | VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT))) {
        *error_code = "VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSets-None-03047";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "Cannot call " << func_name << " to perform copy update on descriptor set "
                  << report_data->FormatHandle(dst_set->GetSet()) << " that is in use by a command buffer";
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }
    // src & dst set bindings are valid
    // Check bounds of src & dst
    auto src_start_idx = src_set->GetGlobalIndexRangeFromBinding(update->srcBinding).start + update->srcArrayElement;
    if ((src_start_idx + update->descriptorCount) > src_set->GetTotalDescriptorCount()) {
        // SRC update out of bounds
        *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcArrayElement-00346";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "Attempting copy update from descriptorSet " << report_data->FormatHandle(update->srcSet) << " binding#"
                  << update->srcBinding << " with offset index of "
                  << src_set->GetGlobalIndexRangeFromBinding(update->srcBinding).start << " plus update array offset of "
                  << update->srcArrayElement << " and update of " << update->descriptorCount
                  << " descriptors oversteps total number of descriptors in set: " << src_set->GetTotalDescriptorCount();
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }
    auto dst_start_idx = dst_layout->GetGlobalIndexRangeFromBinding(update->dstBinding).start + update->dstArrayElement;
    if ((dst_start_idx + update->descriptorCount) > dst_layout->GetTotalDescriptorCount()) {
        // DST update out of bounds
        *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstArrayElement-00348";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "Attempting copy update to descriptorSet " << report_data->FormatHandle(dst_set->GetSet()) << " binding#"
                  << update->dstBinding << " with offset index of "
                  << dst_layout->GetGlobalIndexRangeFromBinding(update->dstBinding).start << " plus update array offset of "
                  << update->dstArrayElement << " and update of " << update->descriptorCount
                  << " descriptors oversteps total number of descriptors in set: " << dst_layout->GetTotalDescriptorCount();
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }
    // Check that types match
    // TODO : Base default error case going from here is "VUID-VkAcquireNextImageInfoKHR-semaphore-parameter" 2ba which covers all
    // consistency issues, need more fine-grained error codes
    *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-00349";
    auto src_type = src_layout->GetTypeFromBinding(update->srcBinding);
    auto dst_type = dst_layout->GetTypeFromBinding(update->dstBinding);
    if (src_type != VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE && dst_type != VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE && src_type != dst_type) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstBinding-02632";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "Attempting copy update to descriptorSet " << report_data->FormatHandle(dst_set->GetSet()) << " binding #"
                  << update->dstBinding << " with type " << string_VkDescriptorType(dst_type) << " from descriptorSet "
                  << report_data->FormatHandle(src_set->GetSet()) << " binding #" << update->srcBinding << " with type "
                  << string_VkDescriptorType(src_type) << ". Types do not match";
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }
    // Verify consistency of src & dst bindings if update crosses binding boundaries
    if ((!VerifyUpdateConsistency(report_data, *src_set, update->srcBinding, update->srcArrayElement, update->descriptorCount,
                                  "copy update from", error_msg)) ||
        (!VerifyUpdateConsistency(report_data, *dst_set, update->dstBinding, update->dstArrayElement, update->descriptorCount,
                                  "copy update to", error_msg))) {
        return false;
    }

    if ((src_layout->GetCreateFlags() & VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT) &&
        !(dst_layout->GetCreateFlags() & VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT)) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-01918";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "If pname:srcSet's (" << report_data->FormatHandle(update->srcSet)
                  << ") layout was created with the "
                     "ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT flag "
                     "set, then pname:dstSet's ("
                  << report_data->FormatHandle(update->dstSet)
                  << ") layout must: also have been created with the "
                     "ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT flag set";
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }

    if (IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.vk_valve_mutable_descriptor_type)) {
        if (!(src_layout->GetCreateFlags() & (VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT |
                                              VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_HOST_ONLY_POOL_BIT_VALVE)) &&
            (dst_layout->GetCreateFlags() & VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT)) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-04885";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "If pname:srcSet's (" << report_data->FormatHandle(update->srcSet)
                      << ") layout was created with neither ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT nor "
                         "ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_HOST_ONLY_POOL_BIT_VALVE flags set, then pname:dstSet's ("
                      << report_data->FormatHandle(update->dstSet)
                      << ") layout must: have been created without the "
                         "ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT flag set";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    } else {
        if (!(src_layout->GetCreateFlags() & VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT) &&
            (dst_layout->GetCreateFlags() & VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT)) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-04886";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "If pname:srcSet's (" << report_data->FormatHandle(update->srcSet)
                      << ") layout was created without the ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT flag "
                         "set, then pname:dstSet's ("
                      << report_data->FormatHandle(update->dstSet)
                      << ") layout must: also have been created without the "
                         "ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT flag set";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    }

    if ((src_set->GetPoolState()->createInfo.flags & VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT) &&
        !(dst_set->GetPoolState()->createInfo.flags & VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT)) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-01920";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "If the descriptor pool from which pname:srcSet (" << report_data->FormatHandle(update->srcSet)
                  << ") was allocated was created "
                     "with the ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT flag "
                     "set, then the descriptor pool from which pname:dstSet ("
                  << report_data->FormatHandle(update->dstSet)
                  << ") was allocated must: "
                     "also have been created with the ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT flag set";
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }

    if (IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.vk_valve_mutable_descriptor_type)) {
        if (!(src_set->GetPoolState()->createInfo.flags &
              (VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT | VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_HOST_ONLY_BIT_VALVE)) &&
            (dst_set->GetPoolState()->createInfo.flags & VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT)) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-04887";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "If the descriptor pool from which pname:srcSet (" << report_data->FormatHandle(update->srcSet)
                      << ") was allocated was created with neither ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT nor "
                         "ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_HOST_ONLY_BIT_VALVE flags set, then the descriptor pool from which "
                         "pname:dstSet ("
                      << report_data->FormatHandle(update->dstSet)
                      << ") was allocated must: have been created without the "
                         "ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT flag set";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    } else {
        if (!(src_set->GetPoolState()->createInfo.flags & VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT) &&
            (dst_set->GetPoolState()->createInfo.flags & VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT)) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-04888";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "If the descriptor pool from which pname:srcSet (" << report_data->FormatHandle(update->srcSet)
                      << ") was allocated was created without the ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT flag set, "
                         "then the descriptor pool from which pname:dstSet ("
                      << report_data->FormatHandle(update->dstSet)
                      << ") was allocated must: also have been created without the "
                         "ename:VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT flag set";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    }

    if (src_type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT) {
        if ((update->srcArrayElement % 4) != 0) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcBinding-02223";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "Attempting copy update to VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT binding with "
                      << "srcArrayElement " << update->srcArrayElement << " not a multiple of 4";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
        if ((update->dstArrayElement % 4) != 0) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstBinding-02224";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "Attempting copy update to VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT binding with "
                      << "dstArrayElement " << update->dstArrayElement << " not a multiple of 4";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
        if ((update->descriptorCount % 4) != 0) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcBinding-02225";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "Attempting copy update to VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT binding with "
                      << "descriptorCount " << update->descriptorCount << " not a multiple of 4";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    }

    if (dst_type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE) {
        if (src_type != VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE) {
            if (!dst_layout->IsTypeMutable(src_type, update->dstBinding)) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstSet-04612";
                std::stringstream error_str;
                error_str << "Attempting copy update with dstBinding descriptor type VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE, but the new "
                             "active descriptor type "
                          << string_VkDescriptorType(src_type) << " is not in the corresponding pMutableDescriptorTypeLists list.";
                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                return false;
            }
        }
    } else if (src_type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE) {
        const auto *descriptor = src_set->GetDescriptorFromBinding(update->srcBinding, update->srcArrayElement);
        if (descriptor->active_descriptor_type != dst_type) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-04613";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "Attempting copy update with srcBinding descriptor type VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE, but the "
                         "active descriptor type ("
                      << string_VkDescriptorType(descriptor->active_descriptor_type)
                      << ") does not match the dstBinding descriptor type " << string_VkDescriptorType(dst_type) << ".";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    }

    if (dst_type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE) {
        if (src_type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE) {
            const auto &mutable_src_types = src_layout->GetMutableTypes(update->srcBinding);
            const auto &mutable_dst_types = dst_layout->GetMutableTypes(update->dstBinding);
            bool complete_match = mutable_src_types.size() == mutable_dst_types.size();
            if (complete_match) {
                for (const auto mutable_src_type : mutable_src_types) {
                    if (std::find(mutable_dst_types.begin(), mutable_dst_types.end(), mutable_src_type) ==
                        mutable_dst_types.end()) {
                        complete_match = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (!complete_match) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstSet-04614";
                std::stringstream error_str;
                error_str << "Attempting copy update with dstBinding and new active descriptor type being "
                             "VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE, but their corresponding pMutableDescriptorTypeLists do not match.";
                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    // Update mutable types
    if (src_type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE) {
        src_type = src_set->GetDescriptorFromBinding(update->srcBinding, update->srcArrayElement)->active_descriptor_type;
    }
    if (dst_type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE) {
        dst_type = dst_set->GetDescriptorFromBinding(update->dstBinding, update->dstArrayElement)->active_descriptor_type;
    }

    // Update parameters all look good and descriptor updated so verify update contents
    if (!VerifyCopyUpdateContents(update, src_set, src_type, src_start_idx, dst_set, dst_type, dst_start_idx, func_name, error_code,
                                  error_msg)) {
        return false;
    }

    // All checks passed so update is good
    return true;
}

// Validate given sampler. Currently this only checks to make sure it exists in the samplerMap
bool CoreChecks::ValidateSampler(const VkSampler sampler) const { return Get<SAMPLER_STATE>(sampler).get() != nullptr; }

bool CoreChecks::ValidateImageUpdate(VkImageView image_view, VkImageLayout image_layout, VkDescriptorType type,
                                     const char *func_name, std::string *error_code, std::string *error_msg) const {
    auto iv_state = Get<IMAGE_VIEW_STATE>(image_view);
    assert(iv_state);

    // Note that when an imageview is created, we validated that memory is bound so no need to re-check here
    // Validate that imageLayout is compatible with aspect_mask and image format
    //  and validate that image usage bits are correct for given usage
    VkImageAspectFlags aspect_mask = iv_state->normalized_subresource_range.aspectMask;
    VkImage image = iv_state->create_info.image;
    VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_MAX_ENUM;
    VkImageUsageFlags usage = 0;
    auto *image_node = iv_state->image_state.get();
    assert(image_node);

    format = image_node->createInfo.format;
    const auto image_view_usage_info = LvlFindInChain<VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo>(iv_state->create_info.pNext);
    const auto stencil_usage_info = LvlFindInChain<VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo>(image_node->createInfo.pNext);
    if (image_view_usage_info) {
        usage = image_view_usage_info->usage;
    } else {
        usage = image_node->createInfo.usage;
    }
    if (stencil_usage_info) {
        bool stencil_aspect = (aspect_mask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT) > 0;
        bool depth_aspect = (aspect_mask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT) > 0;
        if (stencil_aspect && !depth_aspect) {
            usage = stencil_usage_info->stencilUsage;
        } else if (stencil_aspect && depth_aspect) {
            usage &= stencil_usage_info->stencilUsage;
        }
    }

    // Validate that memory is bound to image
    if (ValidateMemoryIsBoundToImage(image_node, func_name, kVUID_Core_Bound_Resource_FreedMemoryAccess)) {
        *error_code = kVUID_Core_Bound_Resource_FreedMemoryAccess;
        *error_msg = "No memory bound to image.";
        return false;
    }

    // KHR_maintenance1 allows rendering into 2D or 2DArray views which slice a 3D image,
    // but not binding them to descriptor sets.
    if (iv_state->IsDepthSliced()) {
        if (!device_extensions.vk_ext_image_2d_view_of_3d) {
            if (iv_state->create_info.viewType == VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-imageView-06711";
                *error_msg = "ImageView must not be a 2D view of a 3D image";
                return false;
            }
        } else if (iv_state->create_info.viewType == VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-imageView-06712";
            *error_msg = "ImageView must not be a 2DArray view of a 3D image";
            return false;
        }
    }

    // TODO : The various image aspect and format checks here are based on general spec language in 11.5 Image Views section under
    // vkCreateImageView(). What's the best way to create unique id for these cases?
    *error_code = kVUID_Core_DrawState_InvalidImageView;
    bool ds = FormatIsDepthOrStencil(format);
    switch (image_layout) {
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
            // Only Color bit must be set
            if ((aspect_mask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT) != VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT) {
                std::stringstream error_str;
                error_str
                    << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view)
                    << ") uses layout VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL but does not have VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT set.";
                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                return false;
            }
            // format must NOT be DS
            if (ds) {
                std::stringstream error_str;
                error_str << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view)
                          << ") uses layout VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL but the image format is "
                          << string_VkFormat(format) << " which is not a color format.";
                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                return false;
            }
            break;
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
            // Depth or stencil bit must be set, but both must NOT be set
            if (aspect_mask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT) {
                if (aspect_mask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT) {
                    // both  must NOT be set
                    std::stringstream error_str;
                    error_str << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view)
                              << ") has both STENCIL and DEPTH aspects set";
                    *error_msg = error_str.str();
                    return false;
                }
            } else if (!(aspect_mask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT)) {
                // Neither were set
                std::stringstream error_str;
                error_str << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view) << ") has layout "
                          << string_VkImageLayout(image_layout) << " but does not have STENCIL or DEPTH aspects set";
                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                return false;
            }
            // format must be DS
            if (!ds) {
                std::stringstream error_str;
                error_str << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view) << ") has layout "
                          << string_VkImageLayout(image_layout) << " but the image format is " << string_VkFormat(format)
                          << " which is not a depth/stencil format.";
                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                return false;
            }
            break;
        default:
            // For other layouts if the source is depth/stencil image, both aspect bits must not be set
            if (ds) {
                if (aspect_mask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT) {
                    if (aspect_mask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT) {
                        // both  must NOT be set
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view) << ") has layout "
                                  << string_VkImageLayout(image_layout) << " and is using depth/stencil image of format "
                                  << string_VkFormat(format)
                                  << " but it has both STENCIL and DEPTH aspects set, which is illegal. When using a depth/stencil "
                                     "image in a descriptor set, please only set either VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT or "
                                     "VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT depending on whether it will be used for depth reads or stencil "
                                     "reads respectively.";
                        *error_code = "VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-imageView-01976";
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
    }
    // Now validate that usage flags are correctly set for given type of update
    //  As we're switching per-type, if any type has specific layout requirements, check those here as well
    // TODO : The various image usage bit requirements are in general spec language for VkImageUsageFlags bit block in 11.3 Images
    // under vkCreateImage()
    const char *error_usage_bit = nullptr;
    switch (type) {
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE:
            if (iv_state->samplerConversion != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-01946";
                std::stringstream error_str;
                error_str << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view) << ")"
                          << "used as a VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE can't be created with VkSamplerYcbcrConversion";
                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                return false;
            }
            // drop through
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER: {
            if (!(usage & VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT)) {
                error_usage_bit = "VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT";
                *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00337";
            }
            break;
        }
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE: {
            if (!(usage & VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT)) {
                error_usage_bit = "VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT";
                *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00339";
            } else if ((VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL != image_layout) &&
                       (!IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.vk_khr_shared_presentable_image) ||
                        (VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHARED_PRESENT_KHR != image_layout))) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-04152";
                std::stringstream error_str;
                error_str << "Descriptor update with descriptorType VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE"
                          << " is being updated with invalid imageLayout " << string_VkImageLayout(image_layout) << " for image "
                          << report_data->FormatHandle(image) << " in imageView " << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view)
                          << ". Allowed layouts are: VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL";
                if (IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.vk_khr_shared_presentable_image)) {
                    error_str << " or VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHARED_PRESENT_KHR";
                }
                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                return false;
            }
            break;
        }
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT: {
            if (!(usage & VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT)) {
                error_usage_bit = "VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT";
                *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00338";
            }
            break;
        }
        default:
            break;
    }
    if (error_usage_bit) {
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view) << ") with usage mask " << std::hex << std::showbase
                  << usage << " being used for a descriptor update of type " << string_VkDescriptorType(type) << " does not have "
                  << error_usage_bit << " set.";
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }

    // All the following types share the same image layouts
    // checkf or Storage Images above
    if ((type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE) || (type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER) ||
        (type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT)) {
        // Test that the layout is compatible with the descriptorType for the two sampled image types
        const static std::array<VkImageLayout, 3> valid_layouts = {
            {VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL}};

        struct ExtensionLayout {
            VkImageLayout layout;
            ExtEnabled DeviceExtensions::*extension;
        };
        const static std::array<ExtensionLayout, 7> extended_layouts{{
            //  Note double brace req'd for aggregate initialization
            {VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHARED_PRESENT_KHR, &DeviceExtensions::vk_khr_shared_presentable_image},
            {VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, &DeviceExtensions::vk_khr_maintenance2},
            {VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, &DeviceExtensions::vk_khr_maintenance2},
            {VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL_KHR, &DeviceExtensions::vk_khr_synchronization2},
            {VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR, &DeviceExtensions::vk_khr_synchronization2},
            {VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, &DeviceExtensions::vk_khr_separate_depth_stencil_layouts},
            {VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, &DeviceExtensions::vk_khr_separate_depth_stencil_layouts},
        }};
        auto is_layout = [image_layout, this](const ExtensionLayout &ext_layout) {
            return IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.*(ext_layout.extension)) && (ext_layout.layout == image_layout);
        };

        bool valid_layout = (std::find(valid_layouts.cbegin(), valid_layouts.cend(), image_layout) != valid_layouts.cend()) ||
                            std::any_of(extended_layouts.cbegin(), extended_layouts.cend(), is_layout);

        if (!valid_layout) {
            // The following works as currently all 3 descriptor types share the same set of valid layouts
            switch (type) {
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE:
                    *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-04149";
                    break;
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER:
                    *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-04150";
                    break;
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT:
                    *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-04151";
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "Descriptor update with descriptorType " << string_VkDescriptorType(type)
                      << " is being updated with invalid imageLayout " << string_VkImageLayout(image_layout) << " for image "
                      << report_data->FormatHandle(image) << " in imageView " << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view)
                      << ". Allowed layouts are: VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, "
                      << "VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL";
            for (auto &ext_layout : extended_layouts) {
                if (IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.*(ext_layout.extension))) {
                    error_str << ", " << string_VkImageLayout(ext_layout.layout);
                }
            }
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    }

    if ((type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE) || (type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT)) {
        const VkComponentMapping components = iv_state->create_info.components;
        if (IsIdentitySwizzle(components) == false) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00336";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view) << ") has a non-identiy swizzle component, "
                      << " r swizzle = " << string_VkComponentSwizzle(components.r) << ","
                      << " g swizzle = " << string_VkComponentSwizzle(components.g) << ","
                      << " b swizzle = " << string_VkComponentSwizzle(components.b) << ","
                      << " a swizzle = " << string_VkComponentSwizzle(components.a) << ".";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    }

    if ((type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT) && (iv_state->min_lod != 0.0f)) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-06450";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view)
                  << ") , written to a descriptor of type VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT with a minLod (" << iv_state->min_lod
                  << ") that is not 0.0";
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }

    if (device_extensions.vk_ext_image_2d_view_of_3d && iv_state->create_info.viewType == VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D &&
        image_node->createInfo.imageType == VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D) {
        if ((type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE) || (type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE) ||
            (type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER)) {
            if (!(image_node->createInfo.flags & VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT_EXT)) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-06710";
                std::stringstream error_str;
                error_str << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view)
                          << ") , is a 2D image view created from 3D image (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image)
                          << ") , written to a descriptor of type " << string_VkDescriptorType(type)
                          << " but the image used to create the image view was not created with "
                             "VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT_EXT set";
                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                return false;
            }
            if (type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE && !enabled_features.image_2d_view_of_3d_features.image2DViewOf3D) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-descriptorType-06713";
                std::stringstream error_str;
                error_str << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view)
                          << ") , is a 2D image view created from 3D image (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image)
                          << ") , written to a descriptor of type VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE"
                          << " and the image2DViewOf3D feature is not enabled";
                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                return false;
            }
            if ((type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE || type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER) &&
                !enabled_features.image_2d_view_of_3d_features.sampler2DViewOf3D) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-descriptorType-06714";
                std::stringstream error_str;
                error_str << "ImageView (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image_view)
                          << ") , is a 2D image view created from 3D image (" << report_data->FormatHandle(image)
                          << ") , written to a descriptor of type " << string_VkDescriptorType(type)
                          << " and the image2DViewOf3D feature is not enabled";
                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    return true;
}

// This is a helper function that iterates over a set of Write and Copy updates, pulls the DescriptorSet* for updated
//  sets, and then calls their respective Validate[Write|Copy]Update functions.
// If the update hits an issue for which the callback returns "true", meaning that the call down the chain should
//  be skipped, then true is returned.
// If there is no issue with the update, then false is returned.
bool CoreChecks::ValidateUpdateDescriptorSets(uint32_t write_count, const VkWriteDescriptorSet *p_wds, uint32_t copy_count,
                                              const VkCopyDescriptorSet *p_cds, const char *func_name) const {
    bool skip = false;
    // Validate Write updates
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < write_count; i++) {
        auto dest_set = p_wds[i].dstSet;
        auto set_node = Get<cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSet>(dest_set);
        if (!set_node) {
            skip |= LogError(dest_set, kVUID_Core_DrawState_InvalidDescriptorSet,
                             "Cannot call %s on %s that has not been allocated in pDescriptorWrites[%u].", func_name,
                             report_data->FormatHandle(dest_set).c_str(), i);
        } else {
            std::string error_code;
            std::string error_str;
            if (!ValidateWriteUpdate(set_node.get(), &p_wds[i], func_name, &error_code, &error_str, false)) {
                skip |=
                    LogError(dest_set, error_code, "%s pDescriptorWrites[%u] failed write update validation for %s with error: %s.",
                             func_name, i, report_data->FormatHandle(dest_set).c_str(), error_str.c_str());
            }
        }
        if (p_wds[i].pNext) {
            const auto *pnext_struct = LvlFindInChain<VkWriteDescriptorSetAccelerationStructureKHR>(p_wds[i].pNext);
            if (pnext_struct) {
                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < pnext_struct->accelerationStructureCount; ++j) {
                    auto as_state = Get<ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_STATE_KHR>(pnext_struct->pAccelerationStructures[j]);
                    if (as_state && (as_state->create_infoKHR.sType == VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_INFO_KHR &&
                                     (as_state->create_infoKHR.type != VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TOP_LEVEL_KHR &&
                                      as_state->create_infoKHR.type != VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GENERIC_KHR))) {
                        skip |=
                            LogError(dest_set, "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSetAccelerationStructureKHR-pAccelerationStructures-03579",
                                     "%s: For pDescriptorWrites[%u] acceleration structure in pAccelerationStructures[%u] must "
                                     "have been created with "
                                     "VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TOP_LEVEL_KHR or VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GENERIC_KHR.",
                                     func_name, i, j);
                    }
                }
            }
            const auto *pnext_struct_nv = LvlFindInChain<VkWriteDescriptorSetAccelerationStructureNV>(p_wds[i].pNext);
            if (pnext_struct_nv) {
                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < pnext_struct_nv->accelerationStructureCount; ++j) {
                    auto as_state = Get<ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_STATE>(pnext_struct_nv->pAccelerationStructures[j]);
                    if (as_state && (as_state->create_infoNV.sType == VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_INFO_NV &&
                                     as_state->create_infoNV.info.type != VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TOP_LEVEL_NV)) {
                        skip |= LogError(dest_set, "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSetAccelerationStructureNV-pAccelerationStructures-03748",
                                         "%s: For pDescriptorWrites[%u] acceleration structure in pAccelerationStructures[%u] must "
                                         "have been created with"
                                         " VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TOP_LEVEL_NV.",
                                         func_name, i, j);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // Now validate copy updates
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < copy_count; ++i) {
        auto dst_set = p_cds[i].dstSet;
        auto src_set = p_cds[i].srcSet;
        auto src_node = Get<cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSet>(src_set);
        auto dst_node = Get<cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSet>(dst_set);
        // Object_tracker verifies that src & dest descriptor set are valid
        assert(src_node);
        assert(dst_node);
        std::string error_code;
        std::string error_str;
        if (!ValidateCopyUpdate(&p_cds[i], dst_node.get(), src_node.get(), func_name, &error_code, &error_str)) {
            LogObjectList objlist(dst_set);
            objlist.add(src_set);
            skip |= LogError(objlist, error_code, "%s pDescriptorCopies[%u] failed copy update from %s to %s with error: %s.",
                             func_name, i, report_data->FormatHandle(src_set).c_str(), report_data->FormatHandle(dst_set).c_str(),
                             error_str.c_str());
        }
    }
    return skip;
}

cvdescriptorset::DecodedTemplateUpdate::DecodedTemplateUpdate(const ValidationStateTracker *device_data,
                                                              VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet,
                                                              const UPDATE_TEMPLATE_STATE *template_state, const void *pData,
                                                              VkDescriptorSetLayout push_layout) {
    auto const &create_info = template_state->create_info;
    inline_infos.resize(create_info.descriptorUpdateEntryCount);  // Make sure we have one if we need it
    inline_infos_khr.resize(create_info.descriptorUpdateEntryCount);
    inline_infos_nv.resize(create_info.descriptorUpdateEntryCount);
    desc_writes.reserve(create_info.descriptorUpdateEntryCount);  // emplaced, so reserved without initialization
    VkDescriptorSetLayout effective_dsl = create_info.templateType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET
                                              ? create_info.descriptorSetLayout
                                              : push_layout;
    auto layout_obj = device_data->Get<cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSetLayout>(effective_dsl);

    // Create a WriteDescriptorSet struct for each template update entry
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < create_info.descriptorUpdateEntryCount; i++) {
        auto binding_count = layout_obj->GetDescriptorCountFromBinding(create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].dstBinding);
        auto binding_being_updated = create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].dstBinding;
        auto dst_array_element = create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].dstArrayElement;

        desc_writes.reserve(desc_writes.size() + create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].descriptorCount);
        for (uint32_t j = 0; j < create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].descriptorCount; j++) {
            desc_writes.emplace_back();
            auto &write_entry = desc_writes.back();

            size_t offset = create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].offset + j * create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].stride;
            char *update_entry = (char *)(pData) + offset;

            if (dst_array_element >= binding_count) {
                dst_array_element = 0;
                binding_being_updated = layout_obj->GetNextValidBinding(binding_being_updated);
            }

            write_entry.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
            write_entry.pNext = NULL;
            write_entry.dstSet = descriptorSet;
            write_entry.dstBinding = binding_being_updated;
            write_entry.dstArrayElement = dst_array_element;
            write_entry.descriptorCount = 1;
            write_entry.descriptorType = create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].descriptorType;

            switch (create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].descriptorType) {
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER:
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER:
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE:
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE:
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT:
                    write_entry.pImageInfo = reinterpret_cast<VkDescriptorImageInfo *>(update_entry);
                    break;

                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER:
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER:
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC:
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC:
                    write_entry.pBufferInfo = reinterpret_cast<VkDescriptorBufferInfo *>(update_entry);
                    break;

                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER:
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER:
                    write_entry.pTexelBufferView = reinterpret_cast<VkBufferView *>(update_entry);
                    break;
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT: {
                    VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlockEXT *inline_info = &inline_infos[i];
                    inline_info->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT;
                    inline_info->pNext = nullptr;
                    inline_info->dataSize = create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].descriptorCount;
                    inline_info->pData = update_entry;
                    write_entry.pNext = inline_info;
                    // descriptorCount must match the dataSize member of the VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlockEXT structure
                    write_entry.descriptorCount = inline_info->dataSize;
                    // skip the rest of the array, they just represent bytes in the update
                    j = create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].descriptorCount;
                    break;
                }
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR: {
                    VkWriteDescriptorSetAccelerationStructureKHR *inline_info_khr = &inline_infos_khr[i];
                    inline_info_khr->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR;
                    inline_info_khr->pNext = nullptr;
                    inline_info_khr->accelerationStructureCount = create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].descriptorCount;
                    inline_info_khr->pAccelerationStructures = reinterpret_cast<VkAccelerationStructureKHR *>(update_entry);
                    write_entry.pNext = inline_info_khr;
                    break;
                }
                case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_NV: {
                    VkWriteDescriptorSetAccelerationStructureNV *inline_info_nv = &inline_infos_nv[i];
                    inline_info_nv->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_NV;
                    inline_info_nv->pNext = nullptr;
                    inline_info_nv->accelerationStructureCount = create_info.pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].descriptorCount;
                    inline_info_nv->pAccelerationStructures = reinterpret_cast<VkAccelerationStructureNV *>(update_entry);
                    write_entry.pNext = inline_info_nv;
                    break;
                }
                default:
                    assert(0);
                    break;
            }
            dst_array_element++;
        }
    }
}
// These helper functions carry out the validate and record descriptor updates peformed via update templates. They decode
// the templatized data and leverage the non-template UpdateDescriptor helper functions.
bool CoreChecks::ValidateUpdateDescriptorSetsWithTemplateKHR(VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet,
                                                             const UPDATE_TEMPLATE_STATE *template_state, const void *pData) const {
    // Translate the templated update into a normal update for validation...
    cvdescriptorset::DecodedTemplateUpdate decoded_update(this, descriptorSet, template_state, pData);
    return ValidateUpdateDescriptorSets(static_cast<uint32_t>(decoded_update.desc_writes.size()), decoded_update.desc_writes.data(),
                                        0, NULL, "vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate()");
}

std::string cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSet::StringifySetAndLayout() const {
    std::string out;
    auto layout_handle = layout_->GetDescriptorSetLayout();
    if (IsPushDescriptor()) {
        std::ostringstream str;
        str << "Push Descriptors defined with " << state_data_->report_data->FormatHandle(layout_handle);
        out = str.str();
    } else {
        std::ostringstream str;
        str << state_data_->report_data->FormatHandle(GetSet()) << " allocated with "
            << state_data_->report_data->FormatHandle(layout_handle);
        out = str.str();
    }
    return out;
};

// Loop through the write updates to validate for a push descriptor set, ignoring dstSet
bool CoreChecks::ValidatePushDescriptorsUpdate(const DescriptorSet *push_set, uint32_t write_count,
                                               const VkWriteDescriptorSet *p_wds, const char *func_name) const {
    assert(push_set->IsPushDescriptor());
    bool skip = false;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < write_count; i++) {
        std::string error_code;
        std::string error_str;
        if (!ValidateWriteUpdate(push_set, &p_wds[i], func_name, &error_code, &error_str, true)) {
            skip |= LogError(push_set->GetDescriptorSetLayout(), error_code,
                             "%s VkWriteDescriptorSet[%u] failed update validation: %s.", func_name, i, error_str.c_str());
        }
    }
    return skip;
}

// For the given buffer, verify that its creation parameters are appropriate for the given type
//  If there's an error, update the error_msg string with details and return false, else return true
static bool ValidateBufferUsage(debug_report_data *report_data, BUFFER_STATE const *buffer_node, VkDescriptorType type,
                                std::string *error_code, std::string *error_msg) {
    // Verify that usage bits set correctly for given type
    auto usage = buffer_node->createInfo.usage;
    const char *error_usage_bit = nullptr;
    switch (type) {
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER:
            if (!(usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT)) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00334";
                error_usage_bit = "VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT";
            }
            break;
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER:
            if (!(usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT)) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00335";
                error_usage_bit = "VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT";
            }
            break;
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER:
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC:
            if (!(usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT)) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00330";
                error_usage_bit = "VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT";
            }
            break;
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER:
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC:
            if (!(usage & VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT)) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00331";
                error_usage_bit = "VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT";
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
    if (error_usage_bit) {
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "Buffer (" << report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_node->buffer()) << ") with usage mask " << std::hex
                  << std::showbase << usage << " being used for a descriptor update of type " << string_VkDescriptorType(type)
                  << " does not have " << error_usage_bit << " set.";
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

// For buffer descriptor updates, verify the buffer usage and VkDescriptorBufferInfo struct which includes:
//  1. buffer is valid
//  2. buffer was created with correct usage flags
//  3. offset is less than buffer size
//  4. range is either VK_WHOLE_SIZE or falls in (0, (buffer size - offset)]
//  5. range and offset are within the device's limits
// If there's an error, update the error_msg string with details and return false, else return true
bool CoreChecks::ValidateBufferUpdate(VkDescriptorBufferInfo const *buffer_info, VkDescriptorType type, const char *func_name,
                                      std::string *error_code, std::string *error_msg) const {
    // First make sure that buffer is valid
    auto buffer_node = Get<BUFFER_STATE>(buffer_info->buffer);
    // Any invalid buffer should already be caught by object_tracker
    assert(buffer_node);
    if (ValidateMemoryIsBoundToBuffer(buffer_node.get(), func_name, "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00329")) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00329";
        *error_msg = "No memory bound to buffer.";
        return false;
    }
    // Verify usage bits
    if (!ValidateBufferUsage(report_data, buffer_node.get(), type, error_code, error_msg)) {
        // error_msg will have been updated by ValidateBufferUsage()
        return false;
    }
    // offset must be less than buffer size
    if (buffer_info->offset >= buffer_node->createInfo.size) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkDescriptorBufferInfo-offset-00340";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "VkDescriptorBufferInfo offset of " << buffer_info->offset << " is greater than or equal to buffer "
                  << report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_node->buffer()) << " size of " << buffer_node->createInfo.size;
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }
    if (buffer_info->range != VK_WHOLE_SIZE) {
        // Range must be VK_WHOLE_SIZE or > 0
        if (!buffer_info->range) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkDescriptorBufferInfo-range-00341";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "For buffer " << report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_node->buffer())
                      << " VkDescriptorBufferInfo range is not VK_WHOLE_SIZE and is zero, which is not allowed.";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
        // Range must be VK_WHOLE_SIZE or <= (buffer size - offset)
        if (buffer_info->range > (buffer_node->createInfo.size - buffer_info->offset)) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkDescriptorBufferInfo-range-00342";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "For buffer " << report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_node->buffer()) << " VkDescriptorBufferInfo range is "
                      << buffer_info->range << " which is greater than buffer size (" << buffer_node->createInfo.size
                      << ") minus requested offset of " << buffer_info->offset;
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    }
    // Check buffer update sizes against device limits
    const auto &limits = phys_dev_props.limits;
    if (VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER == type || VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC == type) {
        auto max_ub_range = limits.maxUniformBufferRange;
        if (buffer_info->range != VK_WHOLE_SIZE && buffer_info->range > max_ub_range) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00332";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "For buffer " << report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_node->buffer()) << " VkDescriptorBufferInfo range is "
                      << buffer_info->range << " which is greater than this device's maxUniformBufferRange (" << max_ub_range
                      << ")";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        } else if (buffer_info->range == VK_WHOLE_SIZE && (buffer_node->createInfo.size - buffer_info->offset) > max_ub_range) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00332";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "For buffer " << report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_node->buffer())
                      << " VkDescriptorBufferInfo range is VK_WHOLE_SIZE but effective range "
                      << "(" << (buffer_node->createInfo.size - buffer_info->offset) << ") is greater than this device's "
                      << "maxUniformBufferRange (" << max_ub_range << ")";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    } else if (VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER == type || VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC == type) {
        auto max_sb_range = limits.maxStorageBufferRange;
        if (buffer_info->range != VK_WHOLE_SIZE && buffer_info->range > max_sb_range) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00333";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "For buffer " << report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_node->buffer()) << " VkDescriptorBufferInfo range is "
                      << buffer_info->range << " which is greater than this device's maxStorageBufferRange (" << max_sb_range
                      << ")";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        } else if (buffer_info->range == VK_WHOLE_SIZE && (buffer_node->createInfo.size - buffer_info->offset) > max_sb_range) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00333";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "For buffer " << report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_node->buffer())
                      << " VkDescriptorBufferInfo range is VK_WHOLE_SIZE but effective range "
                      << "(" << (buffer_node->createInfo.size - buffer_info->offset) << ") is greater than this device's "
                      << "maxStorageBufferRange (" << max_sb_range << ")";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

template <typename T>
bool CoreChecks::ValidateAccelerationStructureUpdate(T acc_node, const char *func_name, std::string *error_code,
                                                     std::string *error_msg) const {
    // nullDescriptor feature allows this to be VK_NULL_HANDLE
    if (acc_node) {
        if (ValidateMemoryIsBoundToAccelerationStructure(acc_node, func_name, kVUIDUndefined)) {
            *error_code = kVUIDUndefined;
            *error_msg = "No memory bound to acceleration structure.";
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

// Verify that the contents of the update are ok, but don't perform actual update
bool CoreChecks::VerifyCopyUpdateContents(const VkCopyDescriptorSet *update, const DescriptorSet *src_set,
                                          VkDescriptorType src_type, uint32_t src_index, const DescriptorSet *dst_set,
                                          VkDescriptorType dst_type, uint32_t dst_index, const char *func_name,
                                          std::string *error_code, std::string *error_msg) const {
    // Note : Repurposing some Write update error codes here as specific details aren't called out for copy updates like they are
    // for write updates
    using DescriptorClass = cvdescriptorset::DescriptorClass;
    using BufferDescriptor = cvdescriptorset::BufferDescriptor;
    using ImageDescriptor = cvdescriptorset::ImageDescriptor;
    using ImageSamplerDescriptor = cvdescriptorset::ImageSamplerDescriptor;
    using SamplerDescriptor = cvdescriptorset::SamplerDescriptor;
    using TexelDescriptor = cvdescriptorset::TexelDescriptor;

    auto device_data = this;

    if (dst_type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER) {
        auto dst_iter = dst_set->FindDescriptor(update->dstBinding, update->dstArrayElement);
        for (uint32_t di = 0; di < update->descriptorCount; ++di, ++dst_iter) {
            if (dst_iter->updated && dst_iter->IsImmutableSampler()) {
                *error_code = "VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstBinding-02753";
                std::stringstream error_str;
                error_str << "Attempted copy update to an immutable sampler descriptor.";
                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    switch (src_set->GetBinding(update->srcBinding)->descriptor_class) {
        case DescriptorClass::PlainSampler: {
            auto src_iter = src_set->FindDescriptor(update->srcBinding, update->srcArrayElement);
            for (uint32_t di = 0; di < update->descriptorCount; ++di) {
                if (src_iter->updated) {
                    if (!src_iter->IsImmutableSampler()) {
                        auto update_sampler = static_cast<const SamplerDescriptor &>(*src_iter).GetSampler();
                        if (!ValidateSampler(update_sampler)) {
                            *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00325";
                            std::stringstream error_str;
                            error_str << "Attempted copy update to sampler descriptor with invalid sampler: "
                                      << report_data->FormatHandle(update_sampler) << ".";
                            *error_msg = error_str.str();
                            return false;
                        }
                    } else {
                        // TODO : Warn here
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case DescriptorClass::ImageSampler: {
            auto src_iter = src_set->FindDescriptor(update->srcBinding, update->srcArrayElement);
            for (uint32_t di = 0; di < update->descriptorCount; ++di, ++src_iter) {
                if (!src_iter->updated) continue;
                auto img_samp_desc = static_cast<const ImageSamplerDescriptor &>(*src_iter);
                // First validate sampler
                if (!img_samp_desc.IsImmutableSampler()) {
                    auto update_sampler = img_samp_desc.GetSampler();
                    if (!ValidateSampler(update_sampler)) {
                        *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00325";
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted copy update to sampler descriptor with invalid sampler: "
                                  << report_data->FormatHandle(update_sampler) << ".";
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                } else {
                    // TODO : Warn here
                }
                // Validate image
                auto image_view = img_samp_desc.GetImageView();
                auto image_layout = img_samp_desc.GetImageLayout();
                if (image_view) {
                    if (!ValidateImageUpdate(image_view, image_layout, src_type, func_name, error_code, error_msg)) {
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted copy update to combined image sampler descriptor failed due to: "
                                  << error_msg->c_str();
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case DescriptorClass::Image: {
            auto src_iter = src_set->FindDescriptor(update->srcBinding, update->srcArrayElement);
            for (uint32_t di = 0; di < update->descriptorCount; ++di, ++src_iter) {
                if (!src_iter->updated) continue;
                auto img_desc = static_cast<const ImageDescriptor &>(*src_iter);
                auto image_view = img_desc.GetImageView();
                auto image_layout = img_desc.GetImageLayout();
                if (image_view) {
                    if (!ValidateImageUpdate(image_view, image_layout, src_type, func_name, error_code, error_msg)) {
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted copy update to image descriptor failed due to: " << error_msg->c_str();
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case DescriptorClass::TexelBuffer: {
            auto src_iter = src_set->FindDescriptor(update->srcBinding, update->srcArrayElement);
            for (uint32_t di = 0; di < update->descriptorCount; ++di, ++src_iter) {
                if (!src_iter->updated) continue;
                auto buffer_view = static_cast<const TexelDescriptor &>(*src_iter).GetBufferView();
                if (buffer_view) {
                    auto bv_state = device_data->Get<BUFFER_VIEW_STATE>(buffer_view);
                    if (!bv_state) {
                        *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02994";
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted copy update to texel buffer descriptor with invalid buffer view: "
                                  << report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_view);
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                    auto buffer = bv_state->create_info.buffer;
                    auto buffer_state = Get<BUFFER_STATE>(buffer);
                    if (!ValidateBufferUsage(report_data, buffer_state.get(), src_type, error_code, error_msg)) {
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted copy update to texel buffer descriptor failed due to: " << error_msg->c_str();
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case DescriptorClass::GeneralBuffer: {
            auto src_iter = src_set->FindDescriptor(update->srcBinding, update->srcArrayElement);
            for (uint32_t di = 0; di < update->descriptorCount; ++di, ++src_iter) {
                if (!src_iter->updated) continue;
                auto buffer_state = static_cast<const BufferDescriptor &>(*src_iter).GetBufferState();
                if (buffer_state) {
                    if (!ValidateBufferUsage(report_data, buffer_state, src_type, error_code, error_msg)) {
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted copy update to buffer descriptor failed due to: " << error_msg->c_str();
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case DescriptorClass::InlineUniform:
        case DescriptorClass::AccelerationStructure:
        case DescriptorClass::Mutable:
            break;
        default:
            assert(0);  // We've already verified update type so should never get here
            break;
    }
    // All checks passed so update contents are good
    return true;
}

// Verify that the state at allocate time is correct, but don't actually allocate the sets yet
bool CoreChecks::ValidateAllocateDescriptorSets(const VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo *p_alloc_info,
                                                const cvdescriptorset::AllocateDescriptorSetsData *ds_data) const {
    bool skip = false;
    auto pool_state = Get<DESCRIPTOR_POOL_STATE>(p_alloc_info->descriptorPool);

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_alloc_info->descriptorSetCount; i++) {
        auto layout = Get<cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSetLayout>(p_alloc_info->pSetLayouts[i]);
        if (layout) {  // nullptr layout indicates no valid layout handle for this device, validated/logged in object_tracker
            if (layout->IsPushDescriptor()) {
                skip |= LogError(p_alloc_info->pSetLayouts[i], "VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-pSetLayouts-00308",
                                 "%s specified at pSetLayouts[%" PRIu32
                                 "] in vkAllocateDescriptorSets() was created with invalid flag %s set.",
                                 report_data->FormatHandle(p_alloc_info->pSetLayouts[i]).c_str(), i,
                                 "VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_PUSH_DESCRIPTOR_BIT_KHR");
            }
            if (layout->GetCreateFlags() & VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT &&
                !(pool_state->createInfo.flags & VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT)) {
                skip |= LogError(
                    device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-pSetLayouts-03044",
                    "vkAllocateDescriptorSets(): Descriptor set layout create flags and pool create flags mismatch for index (%d)",
                    i);
            }
            if (layout->GetCreateFlags() & VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_HOST_ONLY_POOL_BIT_VALVE &&
                !(pool_state->createInfo.flags & VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_HOST_ONLY_BIT_VALVE)) {
                skip |= LogError(device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-pSetLayouts-04610",
                                 "vkAllocateDescriptorSets(): pSetLayouts[%d].flags contain "
                                 "VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_HOST_ONLY_POOL_BIT_VALVE bit, but the pool was not created "
                                 "with the VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_HOST_ONLY_BIT_VALVE bit.",
                                 i);
            }
        }
    }
    if (!IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.vk_khr_maintenance1)) {
        // Track number of descriptorSets allowable in this pool
        if (pool_state->GetAvailableSets() < p_alloc_info->descriptorSetCount) {
            skip |= LogError(pool_state->Handle(), "VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-descriptorSetCount-00306",
                             "vkAllocateDescriptorSets(): Unable to allocate %u descriptorSets from %s"
                             ". This pool only has %d descriptorSets remaining.",
                             p_alloc_info->descriptorSetCount, report_data->FormatHandle(pool_state->Handle()).c_str(),
                             pool_state->GetAvailableSets());
        }
        // Determine whether descriptor counts are satisfiable
        for (auto it = ds_data->required_descriptors_by_type.begin(); it != ds_data->required_descriptors_by_type.end(); ++it) {
            auto available_count = pool_state->GetAvailableCount(it->first);

            if (ds_data->required_descriptors_by_type.at(it->first) > available_count) {
                skip |= LogError(pool_state->Handle(), "VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-descriptorPool-00307",
                                 "vkAllocateDescriptorSets(): Unable to allocate %u descriptors of type %s from %s"
                                 ". This pool only has %d descriptors of this type remaining.",
                                 ds_data->required_descriptors_by_type.at(it->first),
                                 string_VkDescriptorType(VkDescriptorType(it->first)),
                                 report_data->FormatHandle(pool_state->Handle()).c_str(), available_count);
            }
        }
    }

    const auto *count_allocate_info = LvlFindInChain<VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo>(p_alloc_info->pNext);

    if (count_allocate_info) {
        if (count_allocate_info->descriptorSetCount != 0 &&
            count_allocate_info->descriptorSetCount != p_alloc_info->descriptorSetCount) {
            skip |= LogError(device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo-descriptorSetCount-03045",
                             "vkAllocateDescriptorSets(): VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo::descriptorSetCount (%d) != "
                             "VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo::descriptorSetCount (%d)",
                             p_alloc_info->descriptorSetCount, count_allocate_info->descriptorSetCount);
        }
        if (count_allocate_info->descriptorSetCount == p_alloc_info->descriptorSetCount) {
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_alloc_info->descriptorSetCount; i++) {
                auto layout = Get<cvdescriptorset::DescriptorSetLayout>(p_alloc_info->pSetLayouts[i]);
                if (count_allocate_info->pDescriptorCounts[i] > layout->GetDescriptorCountFromBinding(layout->GetMaxBinding())) {
                    skip |= LogError(device, "VUID-VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo-pSetLayouts-03046",
                                     "vkAllocateDescriptorSets(): pDescriptorCounts[%d] = (%d), binding's descriptorCount = (%d)",
                                     i, count_allocate_info->pDescriptorCounts[i],
                                     layout->GetDescriptorCountFromBinding(layout->GetMaxBinding()));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return skip;
}

// Validate the state for a given write update but don't actually perform the update
//  If an error would occur for this update, return false and fill in details in error_msg string
bool CoreChecks::ValidateWriteUpdate(const DescriptorSet *dest_set, const VkWriteDescriptorSet *update, const char *func_name,
                                     std::string *error_code, std::string *error_msg, bool push) const {
    const auto *dest_layout = dest_set->GetLayout().get();

    // Verify dst layout still valid
    if (dest_layout->Destroyed()) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-dstSet-00320";
        std::ostringstream str;
        str << "Cannot call " << func_name << " to perform write update on " << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout()
            << " which has been destroyed";
        *error_msg = str.str();
        return false;
    }
    // Verify dst binding exists
    if (!dest_layout->HasBinding(update->dstBinding)) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-dstBinding-00315";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout() << " does not have binding " << update->dstBinding;
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }

    auto dest = dest_set->GetBinding(update->dstBinding);
    // Make sure binding isn't empty
    if (0 == dest->count) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-dstBinding-00316";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout() << " cannot updated binding " << update->dstBinding
                  << " that has 0 descriptors";
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }

    // Verify idle ds
    if (dest_set->InUse() && !(dest->IsBindless())) {
        *error_code = "VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSets-None-03047";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "Cannot call " << func_name << " to perform write update on " << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout()
                  << " that is in use by a command buffer";
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }
    // We know that binding is valid, verify update and do update on each descriptor
    if ((dest->type != VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE) && (dest->type != update->descriptorType)) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00319";
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "Attempting write update to " << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout() << " binding #" << update->dstBinding
                  << " with type " << string_VkDescriptorType(dest->type) << " but update type is "
                  << string_VkDescriptorType(update->descriptorType);
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }
    if (dest->type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT) {
        if ((update->dstArrayElement % 4) != 0) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02219";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "Attempting write update to " << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout() << " binding #" << update->dstBinding
                      << " with "
                      << "dstArrayElement " << update->dstArrayElement << " not a multiple of 4";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
        if ((update->descriptorCount % 4) != 0) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02220";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "Attempting write update to " << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout() << " binding #" << update->dstBinding
                      << " with "
                      << "descriptorCount  " << update->descriptorCount << " not a multiple of 4";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
        const auto *write_inline_info = LvlFindInChain<VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlockEXT>(update->pNext);
        if (!write_inline_info || write_inline_info->dataSize != update->descriptorCount) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02221";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            if (!write_inline_info) {
                error_str << "Attempting write update to " << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout() << " binding #"
                          << update->dstBinding << " with "
                          << "VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock missing";
            } else {
                error_str << "Attempting write update to " << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout() << " binding #"
                          << update->dstBinding << " with "
                          << "VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock dataSize " << write_inline_info->dataSize << " not equal to "
                          << "VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptorCount " << update->descriptorCount;
            }
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
        // This error is probably unreachable due to the previous two errors
        if (write_inline_info && (write_inline_info->dataSize % 4) != 0) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock-dataSize-02222";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "Attempting write update to " << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout() << " binding #" << update->dstBinding
                      << " with "
                      << "VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock dataSize " << write_inline_info->dataSize
                      << " not a multiple of 4";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    }
    // Verify all bindings update share identical properties across all items
    if (update->descriptorCount > 0) {
        // Save first binding information and error if something different is found
        auto current_iter = dest_set->FindBinding(update->dstBinding);
        VkShaderStageFlags stage_flags = (*current_iter)->stage_flags;
        VkDescriptorType descriptor_type = (*current_iter)->type;
        bool immutable_samplers = (*current_iter)->has_immutable_samplers;
        uint32_t dst_array_element = update->dstArrayElement;

        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < update->descriptorCount;) {
            if (current_iter == dest_set->end()) {
                break;  // prevents setting error here if bindings don't exist
            }
            auto current_binding = current_iter->get();

            // All consecutive bindings updated, except those with a descriptorCount of zero, must have identical descType and
            // stageFlags
            if (current_binding->count > 0) {
                // Check for consistent stageFlags and descriptorType
                if ((current_binding->stage_flags != stage_flags) || (current_binding->type != descriptor_type)) {
                    *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorCount-00317";
                    std::stringstream error_str;
                    error_str
                        << "Attempting write update to " << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout() << " binding #"
                        << current_binding->binding << " (" << i << " from dstBinding offset)"
                        << " with a different stageFlag and/or descriptorType from previous bindings."
                        << " All bindings must have consecutive stageFlag and/or descriptorType across a VkWriteDescriptorSet";
                    *error_msg = error_str.str();
                    return false;
                }
                // Check if all immutableSamplers or not
                if (current_binding->has_immutable_samplers != immutable_samplers) {
                    *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorCount-00318";
                    std::stringstream error_str;
                    error_str << "Attempting write update to " << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout() << " binding index #"
                              << current_binding->binding << " (" << i << " from dstBinding offset)"
                              << " with a different usage of immutable samplers from previous bindings."
                              << " All bindings must have all or none usage of immutable samplers across a VkWriteDescriptorSet";
                    *error_msg = error_str.str();
                    return false;
                }
            }

            // Skip the remaining descriptors for this binding, and move to the next binding
            i += (current_binding->count - dst_array_element);
            dst_array_element = 0;
            ++current_iter;
        }
    }

    // Verify consecutive bindings match (if needed)
    if (!VerifyUpdateConsistency(report_data, *dest_set, update->dstBinding, update->dstArrayElement, update->descriptorCount,
                                 "write update to", error_msg)) {
        *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-dstArrayElement-00321";
        return false;
    }
    const auto orig_binding = dest_set->GetBinding(update->dstBinding);
    // Verify write to variable descriptor
    if (orig_binding && orig_binding->IsVariableCount()) {
        if ((update->dstArrayElement + update->descriptorCount) > dest_set->GetVariableDescriptorCount()) {
            std::stringstream error_str;
            *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-dstArrayElement-00321";
            error_str << "Attempting write update to " << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout() << " binding index #"
                      << update->dstBinding << " array element " << update->dstArrayElement << " with " << update->descriptorCount
                      << " writes but variable descriptor size is " << dest_set->GetVariableDescriptorCount();
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    }
    auto start_idx = dest_set->GetGlobalIndexRangeFromBinding(update->dstBinding).start + update->dstArrayElement;
    // Update is within bounds and consistent so last step is to validate update contents
    if (!VerifyWriteUpdateContents(dest_set, update, start_idx, func_name, error_code, error_msg, push)) {
        std::stringstream error_str;
        error_str << "Write update to " << dest_set->StringifySetAndLayout() << " binding #" << update->dstBinding
                  << " failed with error message: " << error_msg->c_str();
        *error_msg = error_str.str();
        return false;
    }
    if (orig_binding != nullptr && orig_binding->type == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE) {
        // Check if the new descriptor descriptor type is in the list of allowed mutable types for this binding
        if (!dest_set->Layout().IsTypeMutable(update->descriptorType, update->dstBinding)) {
            *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-dstSet-04611";
            std::stringstream error_str;
            error_str << "Write update type is " << string_VkDescriptorType(update->descriptorType)
                      << ", but descriptor set layout binding was created with type VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE and used type "
                         "is not in VkMutableDescriptorTypeListVALVE::pDescriptorTypes for this binding.";
            *error_msg = error_str.str();
            return false;
        }
    }
    // All checks passed, update is clean
    return true;
}

// Verify that the contents of the update are ok, but don't perform actual update
bool CoreChecks::VerifyWriteUpdateContents(const DescriptorSet *dest_set, const VkWriteDescriptorSet *update, const uint32_t index,
                                           const char *func_name, std::string *error_code, std::string *error_msg,
                                           bool push) const {
    using ImageSamplerDescriptor = cvdescriptorset::ImageSamplerDescriptor;

    switch (update->descriptorType) {
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER: {
            auto iter = dest_set->FindDescriptor(update->dstBinding, update->dstArrayElement);
            for (uint32_t di = 0; di < update->descriptorCount && !iter.AtEnd(); ++di, ++iter) {
                // Validate image
                auto image_view = update->pImageInfo[di].imageView;
                auto image_layout = update->pImageInfo[di].imageLayout;
                auto sampler = update->pImageInfo[di].sampler;
                auto iv_state = Get<IMAGE_VIEW_STATE>(image_view);
                const ImageSamplerDescriptor &desc = (const ImageSamplerDescriptor &)*iter;
                if (image_view) {
                    const auto *image_state = iv_state->image_state.get();
                    if (!ValidateImageUpdate(image_view, image_layout, update->descriptorType, func_name, error_code, error_msg)) {
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted write update to combined image sampler descriptor failed due to: "
                                  << error_msg->c_str();
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.vk_khr_sampler_ycbcr_conversion)) {
                        if (desc.IsImmutableSampler()) {
                            auto sampler_state = Get<SAMPLER_STATE>(desc.GetSampler());
                            if (iv_state && sampler_state) {
                                if (iv_state->samplerConversion != sampler_state->samplerConversion) {
                                    *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-01948";
                                    std::stringstream error_str;
                                    error_str
                                        << "Attempted write update to combined image sampler and image view and sampler ycbcr "
                                           "conversions are not identical, sampler: "
                                        << report_data->FormatHandle(desc.GetSampler())
                                        << " image view: " << report_data->FormatHandle(iv_state->image_view()) << ".";
                                    *error_msg = error_str.str();
                                    return false;
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            if (iv_state && (iv_state->samplerConversion != VK_NULL_HANDLE)) {
                                *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02738";
                                std::stringstream error_str;
                                error_str << "Because dstSet (" << report_data->FormatHandle(update->dstSet)
                                          << ") is bound to image view (" << report_data->FormatHandle(iv_state->image_view())
                                          << ") that includes a YCBCR conversion, it must have been allocated with a layout that "
                                             "includes an immutable sampler.";
                                *error_msg = error_str.str();
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // If there is an immutable sampler then |sampler| isn't used, so the following VU does not apply.
                    if (sampler && !desc.IsImmutableSampler() && FormatIsMultiplane(image_state->createInfo.format)) {
                        // multiplane formats must be created with mutable format bit
                        if (0 == (image_state->createInfo.flags & VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT)) {
                            *error_code = "VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-sampler-01564";
                            std::stringstream error_str;
                            error_str << "image " << report_data->FormatHandle(image_state->image())
                                      << " combined image sampler is a multi-planar "
                                      << "format and was not was not created with the VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT";
                            *error_msg = error_str.str();
                            return false;
                        }
                        // image view need aspect mask for only the planes supported of format
                        VkImageAspectFlags legal_aspect_flags = (VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT);
                        legal_aspect_flags |=
                            (FormatPlaneCount(image_state->createInfo.format) == 3) ? VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT : 0;
                        if (0 != (iv_state->create_info.subresourceRange.aspectMask & (~legal_aspect_flags))) {
                            *error_code = "VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-sampler-01564";
                            std::stringstream error_str;
                            error_str << "image " << report_data->FormatHandle(image_state->image())
                                      << " combined image sampler is a multi-planar "
                                      << "format and " << report_data->FormatHandle(iv_state->image_view())
                                      << " aspectMask must only include " << string_VkImageAspectFlags(legal_aspect_flags);
                            *error_msg = error_str.str();
                            return false;
                        }
                    }

                    // Verify portability
                    auto sampler_state = Get<SAMPLER_STATE>(sampler);
                    if (sampler_state) {
                        if (IsExtEnabled(device_extensions.vk_khr_portability_subset)) {
                            if ((VK_FALSE == enabled_features.portability_subset_features.mutableComparisonSamplers) &&
                                (VK_FALSE != sampler_state->createInfo.compareEnable)) {
                                LogError(device, "VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-mutableComparisonSamplers-04450",
                                         "%s (portability error): sampler comparison not available.", func_name);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        // Fall through
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER: {
            auto iter = dest_set->FindDescriptor(update->dstBinding, update->dstArrayElement);
            for (uint32_t di = 0; di < update->descriptorCount && !iter.AtEnd(); ++di, ++iter) {
                const auto &desc = *iter;
                if (!desc.IsImmutableSampler()) {
                    if (!ValidateSampler(update->pImageInfo[di].sampler)) {
                        *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00325";
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted write update to sampler descriptor with invalid sampler: "
                                  << report_data->FormatHandle(update->pImageInfo[di].sampler) << ".";
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                } else if (update->descriptorType == VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER && !push) {
                    *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02752";
                    std::stringstream error_str;
                    error_str << "Attempted write update to an immutable sampler descriptor.";
                    *error_msg = error_str.str();
                    return false;
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE:
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT:
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE: {
            for (uint32_t di = 0; di < update->descriptorCount; ++di) {
                auto image_view = update->pImageInfo[di].imageView;
                auto image_layout = update->pImageInfo[di].imageLayout;
                if (image_view) {
                    if (!ValidateImageUpdate(image_view, image_layout, update->descriptorType, func_name, error_code, error_msg)) {
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted write update to image descriptor failed due to: " << error_msg->c_str();
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER:
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER: {
            for (uint32_t di = 0; di < update->descriptorCount; ++di) {
                auto buffer_view = update->pTexelBufferView[di];
                if (buffer_view) {
                    auto bv_state = Get<BUFFER_VIEW_STATE>(buffer_view);
                    if (!bv_state) {
                        *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02994";
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted write update to texel buffer descriptor with invalid buffer view: "
                                  << report_data->FormatHandle(buffer_view);
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                    auto buffer = bv_state->create_info.buffer;
                    auto buffer_state = Get<BUFFER_STATE>(buffer);
                    // Verify that buffer underlying the view hasn't been destroyed prematurely
                    if (!buffer_state) {
                        *error_code = "VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02994";
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted write update to texel buffer descriptor failed because underlying buffer ("
                                  << report_data->FormatHandle(buffer) << ") has been destroyed: " << error_msg->c_str();
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    } else if (!ValidateBufferUsage(report_data, buffer_state.get(), update->descriptorType, error_code,
                                                    error_msg)) {
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted write update to texel buffer descriptor failed due to: " << error_msg->c_str();
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER:
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC:
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER:
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC: {
            for (uint32_t di = 0; di < update->descriptorCount; ++di) {
                if (update->pBufferInfo[di].buffer) {
                    if (!ValidateBufferUpdate(update->pBufferInfo + di, update->descriptorType, func_name, error_code, error_msg)) {
                        std::stringstream error_str;
                        error_str << "Attempted write update to buffer descriptor failed due to: " << error_msg->c_str();
                        *error_msg = error_str.str();
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT:
            break;
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_NV: {
            const auto *acc_info = LvlFindInChain<VkWriteDescriptorSetAccelerationStructureNV>(update->pNext);
            for (uint32_t di = 0; di < update->descriptorCount; ++di) {
                auto as_state = Get<ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_STATE>(acc_info->pAccelerationStructures[di]);
                if (!ValidateAccelerationStructureUpdate(as_state.get(), func_name, error_code, error_msg)) {
                    std::stringstream error_str;
                    error_str << "Attempted write update to acceleration structure descriptor failed due to: "
                              << error_msg->c_str();
                    *error_msg = error_str.str();
                    return false;
                }
            }

        } break;
        // KHR acceleration structures don't require memory to be bound manually to them.
        case VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR:
            break;
        default:
            assert(0);  // We've already verified update type so should never get here
            break;
    }
    // All checks passed so update contents are good
    return true;
}