layers/best_practices_utils.cpp

/* Copyright (c) 2015-2020 The Khronos Group Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2020 Valve Corporation
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2020 LunarG, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 * Author: Camden Stocker <camden@lunarg.com>
 */

#include "best_practices_validation.h"
#include "layer_chassis_dispatch.h"
#include "best_practices_error_enums.h"

#include <string>
#include <iomanip>

// get the API name is proper format
std::string BestPractices::GetAPIVersionName(uint32_t version) const {
    std::stringstream version_name;
    uint32_t major = VK_VERSION_MAJOR(version);
    uint32_t minor = VK_VERSION_MINOR(version);
    uint32_t patch = VK_VERSION_PATCH(version);

    version_name << major << "." << minor << "." << patch << " (0x" << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(8) << std::hex << version
                 << ")";

    return version_name.str();
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCreateInstance(const VkInstanceCreateInfo* pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator,
                                                  VkInstance* pInstance) const {
    bool skip = false;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pCreateInfo->enabledExtensionCount; i++) {
        if (white_list(pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i], kDeviceExtensionNames)) {
            skip |= LogWarning(instance, kVUID_BestPractices_CreateInstance_ExtensionMismatch,
                               "vkCreateInstance(): Attempting to enable Device Extension %s at CreateInstance time.",
                               pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i]);
        }

        if (white_list(pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i], kDeprecatedExtensionNames)) {
            skip |= LogWarning(instance, kVUID_BestPractices_CreateInstance_DeprecatedExtension,
                               "vkCreateInstance(): Attempting to enable Deprecated Extension %s at CreateInstance time.",
                               pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i]);
        }
    }

    return skip;
}

void BestPractices::PreCallRecordCreateInstance(const VkInstanceCreateInfo* pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator,
                                                VkInstance* pInstance) {
    instance_api_version = pCreateInfo->pApplicationInfo->apiVersion;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCreateDevice(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, const VkDeviceCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
                                                const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDevice* pDevice) const {
    bool skip = false;

    // get API version of physical device passed when creating device.
    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties physical_device_properties{};
    DispatchGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physicalDevice, &physical_device_properties);
    auto device_api_version = physical_device_properties.apiVersion;

    // check api versions and warn if instance api Version is higher than version on device.
    if (instance_api_version > device_api_version) {
        std::string inst_api_name = GetAPIVersionName(instance_api_version);
        std::string dev_api_name = GetAPIVersionName(device_api_version);

        skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_CreateDevice_API_Mismatch,
                           "vkCreateDevice(): API Version of current instance, %s is higher than API Version on device, %s",
                           inst_api_name.c_str(), dev_api_name.c_str());
    }

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pCreateInfo->enabledExtensionCount; i++) {
        if (white_list(pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i], kInstanceExtensionNames)) {
            skip |= LogWarning(instance, kVUID_BestPractices_CreateDevice_ExtensionMismatch,
                               "vkCreateDevice(): Attempting to enable Instance Extension %s at CreateDevice time.",
                               pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i]);
        }
        if (white_list(pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i], kDeprecatedExtensionNames)) {
            skip |= LogWarning(instance, kVUID_BestPractices_CreateDevice_DeprecatedExtension,
                               "vkCreateDevice(): Attempting to enable Deprecated Extension %s at CreateDevice time.",
                               pCreateInfo->ppEnabledExtensionNames[i]);
        }
    }

    auto pd_state = GetPhysicalDeviceState(physicalDevice);
    if ((pd_state->vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeaturesState == UNCALLED) && (pCreateInfo->pEnabledFeatures != NULL)) {
        skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_CreateDevice_PDFeaturesNotCalled,
                           "vkCreateDevice() called before getting physical device features from vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures().");
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCreateBuffer(VkDevice device, const VkBufferCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
                                                const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkBuffer* pBuffer) const {
    bool skip = false;

    if ((pCreateInfo->queueFamilyIndexCount > 1) && (pCreateInfo->sharingMode == VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE)) {
        std::stringstream bufferHex;
        bufferHex << "0x" << std::hex << HandleToUint64(pBuffer);

        skip |= LogWarning(
            device, kVUID_BestPractices_SharingModeExclusive,
            "Warning: Buffer (%s) specifies a sharing mode of VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE while specifying multiple queues "
            "(queueFamilyIndexCount of %" PRIu32 ").",
            bufferHex.str().c_str(), pCreateInfo->queueFamilyIndexCount);
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCreateImage(VkDevice device, const VkImageCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
                                               const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkImage* pImage) const {
    bool skip = false;

    if ((pCreateInfo->queueFamilyIndexCount > 1) && (pCreateInfo->sharingMode == VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE)) {
        std::stringstream imageHex;
        imageHex << "0x" << std::hex << HandleToUint64(pImage);

        skip |=
            LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_SharingModeExclusive,
                       "Warning: Image (%s) specifies a sharing mode of VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE while specifying multiple queues "
                       "(queueFamilyIndexCount of %" PRIu32 ").",
                       imageHex.str().c_str(), pCreateInfo->queueFamilyIndexCount);
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCreateSwapchainKHR(VkDevice device, const VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR* pCreateInfo,
                                                      const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkSwapchainKHR* pSwapchain) const {
    bool skip = false;

    auto physical_device_state = GetPhysicalDeviceState();

    if (physical_device_state->vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHRState == UNCALLED) {
        skip |= LogWarning(
            device, kVUID_BestPractices_Swapchain_GetSurfaceNotCalled,
            "vkCreateSwapchainKHR() called before getting surface capabilities from vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR().");
    }

    if (physical_device_state->vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHRState != QUERY_DETAILS) {
        skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_Swapchain_GetSurfaceNotCalled,
                           "vkCreateSwapchainKHR() called before getting surface present mode(s) from "
                           "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR().");
    }

    if (physical_device_state->vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHRState != QUERY_DETAILS) {
        skip |= LogWarning(
            device, kVUID_BestPractices_Swapchain_GetSurfaceNotCalled,
            "vkCreateSwapchainKHR() called before getting surface format(s) from vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR().");
    }

    if ((pCreateInfo->queueFamilyIndexCount > 1) && (pCreateInfo->imageSharingMode == VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE)) {
        skip |=
            LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_SharingModeExclusive,
                       "Warning: A Swapchain is being created which specifies a sharing mode of VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCULSIVE while "
                       "specifying multiple queues (queueFamilyIndexCount of %" PRIu32 ").",
                       pCreateInfo->queueFamilyIndexCount);
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCreateSharedSwapchainsKHR(VkDevice device, uint32_t swapchainCount,
                                                             const VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR* pCreateInfos,
                                                             const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator,
                                                             VkSwapchainKHR* pSwapchains) const {
    bool skip = false;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < swapchainCount; i++) {
        if ((pCreateInfos[i].queueFamilyIndexCount > 1) && (pCreateInfos[i].imageSharingMode == VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE)) {
            skip |= LogWarning(
                device, kVUID_BestPractices_SharingModeExclusive,
                "Warning: A shared swapchain (index %" PRIu32
                ") is being created which specifies a sharing mode of VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE while specifying multiple "
                "queues (queueFamilyIndexCount of %" PRIu32 ").",
                i, pCreateInfos[i].queueFamilyIndexCount);
        }
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCreateRenderPass(VkDevice device, const VkRenderPassCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
                                                    const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkRenderPass* pRenderPass) const {
    bool skip = false;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pCreateInfo->attachmentCount; ++i) {
        VkFormat format = pCreateInfo->pAttachments[i].format;
        if (pCreateInfo->pAttachments[i].initialLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED) {
            if ((FormatIsColor(format) || FormatHasDepth(format)) &&
                pCreateInfo->pAttachments[i].loadOp == VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD) {
                skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_RenderPass_Attatchment,
                                   "Render pass has an attachment with loadOp == VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD and "
                                   "initialLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED.  This is probably not what you "
                                   "intended.  Consider using VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE instead if the "
                                   "image truely is undefined at the start of the render pass.");
            }
            if (FormatHasStencil(format) && pCreateInfo->pAttachments[i].stencilLoadOp == VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD) {
                skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_RenderPass_Attatchment,
                                   "Render pass has an attachment with stencilLoadOp == VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD "
                                   "and initialLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED.  This is probably not what you "
                                   "intended.  Consider using VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE instead if the "
                                   "image truely is undefined at the start of the render pass.");
            }
        }

        const auto& attachment = pCreateInfo->pAttachments[i];
        if (attachment.samples > VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT) {
            bool access_requires_memory =
                attachment.loadOp == VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD || attachment.storeOp == VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;

            if (FormatHasStencil(format)) {
                access_requires_memory |= attachment.stencilLoadOp == VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD ||
                                          attachment.stencilStoreOp == VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
            }

            if (access_requires_memory) {
                skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
                    device, kVUID_BestPractices_CreateRenderPass_ImageRequiresMemory,
                    "Attachment %u in the VkRenderPass is a multisampled image with %u samples, but it uses loadOp/storeOp "
                    "which requires accessing data from memory. Multisampled images should always be loadOp = CLEAR or DONT_CARE, "
                    "storeOp = DONT_CARE. This allows the implementation to use lazily allocated memory effectively.",
                    i, static_cast<uint32_t>(attachment.samples));
            }
        }
    }

    for (uint32_t dependency = 0; dependency < pCreateInfo->dependencyCount; dependency++) {
        skip |= CheckPipelineStageFlags("vkCreateRenderPass", pCreateInfo->pDependencies[dependency].srcStageMask);
        skip |= CheckPipelineStageFlags("vkCreateRenderPass", pCreateInfo->pDependencies[dependency].dstStageMask);
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCreateFramebuffer(VkDevice device, const VkFramebufferCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
                                                     const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkFramebuffer* pFramebuffer) const {
    bool skip = false;

    // Check for non-transient attachments that should be transient and vice versa
    auto rp_state = GetRenderPassState(pCreateInfo->renderPass);
    if (rp_state) {
        const VkRenderPassCreateInfo2* rpci = rp_state->createInfo.ptr();
        const VkImageView* image_views = pCreateInfo->pAttachments;

        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pCreateInfo->attachmentCount; ++i) {
            auto& attachment = rpci->pAttachments[i];
            bool attachment_should_be_transient =
                (attachment.loadOp != VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD && attachment.storeOp != VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE);

            if (FormatHasStencil(attachment.format)) {
                attachment_should_be_transient &= (attachment.stencilLoadOp != VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD &&
                                                   attachment.stencilStoreOp != VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE);
            }

            auto view_state = GetImageViewState(image_views[i]);
            if (view_state) {
                auto& ivci = view_state->create_info;
                auto& ici = GetImageState(ivci.image)->createInfo;

                bool image_is_transient = (ici.usage & VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT) != 0;

                // The check for an image that should not be transient applies to all GPUs
                if (!attachment_should_be_transient && image_is_transient) {
                    skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
                        device, kVUID_BestPractices_CreateFramebuffer_AttachmentShouldNotBeTransient,
                        "Attachment %u in VkFramebuffer uses loadOp/storeOps which need to access physical memory, "
                        "but the image backing the image view has VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT set. "
                        "Physical memory will need to be backed lazily to this image, potentially causing stalls.",
                        i);
                }

                bool supports_lazy = false;
                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < phys_dev_mem_props.memoryTypeCount; j++) {
                    if (phys_dev_mem_props.memoryTypes[j].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT) {
                        supports_lazy = true;
                    }
                }

                // The check for an image that should be transient only applies to GPUs supporting
                // lazily allocated memory
                if (supports_lazy && attachment_should_be_transient && !image_is_transient) {
                    skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
                        device, kVUID_BestPractices_CreateFramebuffer_AttachmentShouldBeTransient,
                        "Attachment %u in VkFramebuffer uses loadOp/storeOps which never have to be backed by physical memory, "
                        "but the image backing the image view does not have VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT set. "
                        "You can save physical memory by using transient attachment backed by lazily allocated memory here.",
                        i);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateAllocateMemory(VkDevice device, const VkMemoryAllocateInfo* pAllocateInfo,
                                                  const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDeviceMemory* pMemory) const {
    bool skip = false;

    if (num_mem_objects + 1 > kMemoryObjectWarningLimit) {
        skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_AllocateMemory_TooManyObjects,
                                      "Performance Warning: This app has > %" PRIu32 " memory objects.", kMemoryObjectWarningLimit);
    }

    if (pAllocateInfo->allocationSize < kMinDeviceAllocationSize) {
        skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
            device, kVUID_BestPractices_AllocateMemory_SmallAllocation,
            "vkAllocateMemory(): Allocating a VkDeviceMemory of size %llu. This is a very small allocation (current "
            "threshold is %llu bytes). "
            "You should make large allocations and sub-allocate from one large VkDeviceMemory.",
            pAllocateInfo->allocationSize, kMinDeviceAllocationSize);
    }

    // TODO: Insert get check for GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties once the state is tracked in the StateTracker

    return skip;
}

void BestPractices::PostCallRecordAllocateMemory(VkDevice device, const VkMemoryAllocateInfo* pAllocateInfo,
                                                 const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDeviceMemory* pMemory,
                                                 VkResult result) {
    ValidationStateTracker::PostCallRecordAllocateMemory(device, pAllocateInfo, pAllocator, pMemory, result);
    if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
        static std::vector<VkResult> error_codes = {VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY, VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY,
                                                    VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS, VK_ERROR_INVALID_EXTERNAL_HANDLE,
                                                    VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_KHR};
        static std::vector<VkResult> success_codes = {};
        ValidateReturnCodes("vkReleaseFullScreenExclusiveModeEXT", result, error_codes, success_codes);
        return;
    }
    num_mem_objects++;
}

void BestPractices::ValidateReturnCodes(const char* api_name, VkResult result, const std::vector<VkResult>& success_codes,
                                        const std::vector<VkResult>& error_codes) const {
    auto error = std::find(error_codes.begin(), error_codes.end(), result);
    if (error != error_codes.end()) {
        LogWarning(instance, kVUID_BestPractices_NonSuccess_Result, "%s(): Returned error %s.", api_name, string_VkResult(result));
        return;
    }
    auto success = std::find(success_codes.begin(), success_codes.end(), result);
    if (success != success_codes.end()) {
        LogWarning(instance, kVUID_BestPractices_Error_Result, "%s(): Returned non-success return code %s.", api_name,
                   string_VkResult(result));
    }
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateFreeMemory(VkDevice device, VkDeviceMemory memory,
                                              const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) const {
    if (memory == VK_NULL_HANDLE) return false;
    bool skip = false;

    const DEVICE_MEMORY_STATE* mem_info = ValidationStateTracker::GetDevMemState(memory);

    for (auto& obj : mem_info->obj_bindings) {
        skip |= LogWarning(device, layer_name.c_str(), "VK Object %s still has a reference to mem obj %s.",
                           report_data->FormatHandle(obj).c_str(), report_data->FormatHandle(mem_info->mem).c_str());
    }

    return skip;
}

void BestPractices::PreCallRecordFreeMemory(VkDevice device, VkDeviceMemory memory, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) {
    if (memory != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
        num_mem_objects--;
    }
}

bool BestPractices::ValidateBindBufferMemory(VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceMemory memory, const char* api_name) const {
    bool skip = false;
    const BUFFER_STATE* buffer_state = GetBufferState(buffer);

    if (!buffer_state->memory_requirements_checked && !buffer_state->external_memory_handle) {
        skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_BufferMemReqNotCalled,
                           "%s: Binding memory to %s but vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements() has not been called on that buffer.",
                           api_name, report_data->FormatHandle(buffer).c_str());
    }

    const DEVICE_MEMORY_STATE* mem_state = GetDevMemState(memory);

    if (mem_state->alloc_info.allocationSize == buffer_state->createInfo.size &&
        mem_state->alloc_info.allocationSize < kMinDedicatedAllocationSize) {
        skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
            device, kVUID_BestPractices_SmallDedicatedAllocation,
            "%s: Trying to bind %s to a memory block which is fully consumed by the buffer. "
            "The required size of the allocation is %llu, but smaller buffers like this should be sub-allocated from "
            "larger memory blocks. (Current threshold is %llu bytes.)",
            api_name, report_data->FormatHandle(buffer).c_str(), mem_state->alloc_info.allocationSize, kMinDedicatedAllocationSize);
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateBindBufferMemory(VkDevice device, VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceMemory memory,
                                                    VkDeviceSize memoryOffset) const {
    bool skip = false;
    const char* api_name = "BindBufferMemory()";

    skip |= ValidateBindBufferMemory(buffer, memory, api_name);

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateBindBufferMemory2(VkDevice device, uint32_t bindInfoCount,
                                                     const VkBindBufferMemoryInfo* pBindInfos) const {
    char api_name[64];
    bool skip = false;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bindInfoCount; i++) {
        sprintf(api_name, "vkBindBufferMemory2() pBindInfos[%u]", i);
        skip |= ValidateBindBufferMemory(pBindInfos[i].buffer, pBindInfos[i].memory, api_name);
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateBindBufferMemory2KHR(VkDevice device, uint32_t bindInfoCount,
                                                        const VkBindBufferMemoryInfo* pBindInfos) const {
    char api_name[64];
    bool skip = false;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bindInfoCount; i++) {
        sprintf(api_name, "vkBindBufferMemory2KHR() pBindInfos[%u]", i);
        skip |= ValidateBindBufferMemory(pBindInfos[i].buffer, pBindInfos[i].memory, api_name);
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::ValidateBindImageMemory(VkImage image, VkDeviceMemory memory, const char* api_name) const {
    bool skip = false;
    const IMAGE_STATE* image_state = GetImageState(image);

    if (!image_state->memory_requirements_checked && !image_state->external_memory_handle) {
        skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_ImageMemReqNotCalled,
                           "%s: Binding memory to %s but vkGetImageMemoryRequirements() has not been called on that image.",
                           api_name, report_data->FormatHandle(image).c_str());
    }

    const DEVICE_MEMORY_STATE* mem_state = GetDevMemState(memory);

    if (mem_state->alloc_info.allocationSize == image_state->requirements.size &&
        mem_state->alloc_info.allocationSize < kMinDedicatedAllocationSize) {
        skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
            device, kVUID_BestPractices_SmallDedicatedAllocation,
            "%s: Trying to bind %s to a memory block which is fully consumed by the image. "
            "The required size of the allocation is %llu, but smaller images like this should be sub-allocated from "
            "larger memory blocks. (Current threshold is %llu bytes.)",
            api_name, report_data->FormatHandle(image).c_str(), mem_state->alloc_info.allocationSize, kMinDedicatedAllocationSize);
    }

    // If we're binding memory to a image which was created as TRANSIENT and the image supports LAZY allocation,
    // make sure this type is actually used.
    // This warning will only trigger if this layer is run on a platform that supports LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT
    // (i.e.most tile - based renderers)
    if (image_state->createInfo.usage & VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT) {
        bool supports_lazy = false;
        uint32_t suggested_type = 0;

        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < phys_dev_mem_props.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
            if ((1u << i) & image_state->requirements.memoryTypeBits) {
                if (phys_dev_mem_props.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT) {
                    supports_lazy = true;
                    suggested_type = i;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        uint32_t allocated_properties = phys_dev_mem_props.memoryTypes[mem_state->alloc_info.memoryTypeIndex].propertyFlags;

        if (supports_lazy && (allocated_properties & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT) == 0) {
            skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
                device, kVUID_BestPractices_NonLazyTransientImage,
                "%s: Attempting to bind memory type % u to VkImage which was created with TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT,"
                "but this memory type is not LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT. You should use memory type %u here instead to save "
                "%llu bytes of physical memory.",
                api_name, mem_state->alloc_info.memoryTypeIndex, suggested_type, image_state->requirements.size);
        }
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateBindImageMemory(VkDevice device, VkImage image, VkDeviceMemory memory,
                                                   VkDeviceSize memoryOffset) const {
    bool skip = false;
    const char* api_name = "vkBindImageMemory()";

    skip |= ValidateBindImageMemory(image, memory, api_name);

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateBindImageMemory2(VkDevice device, uint32_t bindInfoCount,
                                                    const VkBindImageMemoryInfo* pBindInfos) const {
    char api_name[64];
    bool skip = false;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bindInfoCount; i++) {
        sprintf(api_name, "vkBindImageMemory2() pBindInfos[%u]", i);
        skip |= ValidateBindImageMemory(pBindInfos[i].image, pBindInfos[i].memory, api_name);
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateBindImageMemory2KHR(VkDevice device, uint32_t bindInfoCount,
                                                       const VkBindImageMemoryInfo* pBindInfos) const {
    char api_name[64];
    bool skip = false;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bindInfoCount; i++) {
        sprintf(api_name, "vkBindImageMemory2KHR() pBindInfos[%u]", i);
        skip |= ValidateBindImageMemory(pBindInfos[i].image, pBindInfos[i].memory, api_name);
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCreateGraphicsPipelines(VkDevice device, VkPipelineCache pipelineCache, uint32_t createInfoCount,
                                                           const VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo* pCreateInfos,
                                                           const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkPipeline* pPipelines,
                                                           void* cgpl_state_data) const {
    bool skip = StateTracker::PreCallValidateCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, createInfoCount, pCreateInfos,
                                                                     pAllocator, pPipelines, cgpl_state_data);

    if ((createInfoCount > 1) && (!pipelineCache)) {
        skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
            device, kVUID_BestPractices_CreatePipelines_MultiplePipelines,
            "Performance Warning: This vkCreateGraphicsPipelines call is creating multiple pipelines but is not using a "
            "pipeline cache, which may help with performance");
    }

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < createInfoCount; i++) {
        auto& createInfo = pCreateInfos[i];

        auto& vertexInput = *createInfo.pVertexInputState;
        uint32_t count = 0;
        for (uint32_t j = 0; j < vertexInput.vertexBindingDescriptionCount; j++) {
            if (vertexInput.pVertexBindingDescriptions[j].inputRate == VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE) {
                count++;
            }
        }

        if (count > kMaxInstancedVertexBuffers) {
            skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
                device, kVUID_BestPractices_CreatePipelines_TooManyInstancedVertexBuffers,
                "The pipeline is using %u instanced vertex buffers (current limit: %u), but this can be inefficient on the "
                "GPU. If using instanced vertex attributes prefer interleaving them in a single buffer.",
                count, kMaxInstancedVertexBuffers);
        }
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCreateComputePipelines(VkDevice device, VkPipelineCache pipelineCache, uint32_t createInfoCount,
                                                          const VkComputePipelineCreateInfo* pCreateInfos,
                                                          const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkPipeline* pPipelines,
                                                          void* ccpl_state_data) const {
    bool skip = StateTracker::PreCallValidateCreateComputePipelines(device, pipelineCache, createInfoCount, pCreateInfos,
                                                                    pAllocator, pPipelines, ccpl_state_data);

    if ((createInfoCount > 1) && (!pipelineCache)) {
        skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
            device, kVUID_BestPractices_CreatePipelines_MultiplePipelines,
            "Performance Warning: This vkCreateComputePipelines call is creating multiple pipelines but is not using a "
            "pipeline cache, which may help with performance");
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::CheckPipelineStageFlags(std::string api_name, const VkPipelineStageFlags flags) const {
    bool skip = false;

    if (flags & VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
        skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_PipelineStageFlags,
                           "You are using VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT when %s is called\n", api_name.c_str());
    } else if (flags & VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT) {
        skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_PipelineStageFlags,
                           "You are using VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT when %s is called\n", api_name.c_str());
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateQueueSubmit(VkQueue queue, uint32_t submitCount, const VkSubmitInfo* pSubmits,
                                               VkFence fence) const {
    bool skip = false;

    for (uint32_t submit = 0; submit < submitCount; submit++) {
        for (uint32_t semaphore = 0; semaphore < pSubmits[submit].waitSemaphoreCount; semaphore++) {
            skip |= CheckPipelineStageFlags("vkQueueSubmit", pSubmits[submit].pWaitDstStageMask[semaphore]);
        }
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCreateCommandPool(VkDevice device, const VkCommandPoolCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
                                                     const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkCommandPool* pCommandPool) const {
    bool skip = false;

    if (pCreateInfo->flags & VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT) {
        skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
            device, kVUID_BestPractices_CreateCommandPool_CommandBufferReset,
            "vkCreateCommandPool(): VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT is set. Consider resetting entire "
            "pool instead.");
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateBeginCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
                                                      const VkCommandBufferBeginInfo* pBeginInfo) const {
    bool skip = false;

    if (pBeginInfo->flags & VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT) {
        skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_BeginCommandBuffer_SimultaneousUse,
                                      "vkBeginCommandBuffer(): VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT is set.");
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCmdSetEvent(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkEvent event, VkPipelineStageFlags stageMask) const {
    bool skip = false;

    skip |= CheckPipelineStageFlags("vkCmdSetEvent", stageMask);

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCmdResetEvent(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkEvent event,
                                                 VkPipelineStageFlags stageMask) const {
    bool skip = false;

    skip |= CheckPipelineStageFlags("vkCmdResetEvent", stageMask);

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCmdWaitEvents(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, uint32_t eventCount, const VkEvent* pEvents,
                                                 VkPipelineStageFlags srcStageMask, VkPipelineStageFlags dstStageMask,
                                                 uint32_t memoryBarrierCount, const VkMemoryBarrier* pMemoryBarriers,
                                                 uint32_t bufferMemoryBarrierCount,
                                                 const VkBufferMemoryBarrier* pBufferMemoryBarriers,
                                                 uint32_t imageMemoryBarrierCount,
                                                 const VkImageMemoryBarrier* pImageMemoryBarriers) const {
    bool skip = false;

    skip |= CheckPipelineStageFlags("vkCmdWaitEvents", srcStageMask);
    skip |= CheckPipelineStageFlags("vkCmdWaitEvents", dstStageMask);

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCmdPipelineBarrier(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkPipelineStageFlags srcStageMask,
                                                      VkPipelineStageFlags dstStageMask, VkDependencyFlags dependencyFlags,
                                                      uint32_t memoryBarrierCount, const VkMemoryBarrier* pMemoryBarriers,
                                                      uint32_t bufferMemoryBarrierCount,
                                                      const VkBufferMemoryBarrier* pBufferMemoryBarriers,
                                                      uint32_t imageMemoryBarrierCount,
                                                      const VkImageMemoryBarrier* pImageMemoryBarriers) const {
    bool skip = false;

    skip |= CheckPipelineStageFlags("vkCmdPipelineBarrier", srcStageMask);
    skip |= CheckPipelineStageFlags("vkCmdPipelineBarrier", dstStageMask);

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCmdWriteTimestamp(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkPipelineStageFlagBits pipelineStage,
                                                     VkQueryPool queryPool, uint32_t query) const {
    bool skip = false;

    skip |= CheckPipelineStageFlags("vkCmdWriteTimestamp", pipelineStage);

    return skip;
}

// Generic function to handle validation for all CmdDraw* type functions
bool BestPractices::ValidateCmdDrawType(VkCommandBuffer cmd_buffer, const char* caller) const {
    bool skip = false;
    const CMD_BUFFER_STATE* cb_state = GetCBState(cmd_buffer);
    if (cb_state) {
        const auto last_bound_it = cb_state->lastBound.find(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS);
        const PIPELINE_STATE* pipeline_state = nullptr;
        if (last_bound_it != cb_state->lastBound.cend()) {
            pipeline_state = last_bound_it->second.pipeline_state;
        }
        const auto& current_vtx_bfr_binding_info = cb_state->current_vertex_buffer_binding_info.vertex_buffer_bindings;
        // Verify vertex binding
        if (pipeline_state->vertex_binding_descriptions_.size() <= 0) {
            if ((!current_vtx_bfr_binding_info.empty()) && (!cb_state->vertex_buffer_used)) {
                skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(cb_state->commandBuffer, kVUID_BestPractices_DrawState_VtxIndexOutOfBounds,
                                              "Vertex buffers are bound to %s but no vertex buffers are attached to %s.",
                                              report_data->FormatHandle(cb_state->commandBuffer).c_str(),
                                              report_data->FormatHandle(pipeline_state->pipeline).c_str());
            }
        }
    }
    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCmdDraw(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, uint32_t vertexCount, uint32_t instanceCount,
                                           uint32_t firstVertex, uint32_t firstInstance) const {
    bool skip = false;

    if (instanceCount == 0) {
        skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_CmdDraw_InstanceCountZero,
                           "Warning: You are calling vkCmdDraw() with an instanceCount of Zero.");
        skip |= ValidateCmdDrawType(commandBuffer, "vkCmdDraw()");
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCmdDrawIndexed(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, uint32_t indexCount, uint32_t instanceCount,
                                                  uint32_t firstIndex, int32_t vertexOffset, uint32_t firstInstance) const {
    bool skip = false;

    if (instanceCount == 0) {
        skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_CmdDraw_InstanceCountZero,
                           "Warning: You are calling vkCmdDrawIndexed() with an instanceCount of Zero.");
    }
    skip |= ValidateCmdDrawType(commandBuffer, "vkCmdDrawIndexed()");

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCountKHR(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkBuffer buffer,
                                                                  VkDeviceSize offset, VkBuffer countBuffer,
                                                                  VkDeviceSize countBufferOffset, uint32_t maxDrawCount,
                                                                  uint32_t stride) const {
    bool skip = ValidateCmdDrawType(commandBuffer, "vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCountKHR()");

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCmdDrawIndirect(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceSize offset,
                                                   uint32_t drawCount, uint32_t stride) const {
    bool skip = false;

    if (drawCount == 0) {
        skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_CmdDraw_DrawCountZero,
                           "Warning: You are calling vkCmdDrawIndirect() with a drawCount of Zero.");
        skip |= ValidateCmdDrawType(commandBuffer, "vkCmdDrawIndirect()");
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCmdDrawIndexedIndirect(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceSize offset,
                                                          uint32_t drawCount, uint32_t stride) const {
    bool skip = false;

    if (drawCount == 0) {
        skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_CmdDraw_DrawCountZero,
                           "Warning: You are calling vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect() with a drawCount of Zero.");
        skip |= ValidateCmdDrawType(commandBuffer, "vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect()");
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCmdDispatch(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, uint32_t groupCountX, uint32_t groupCountY,
                                               uint32_t groupCountZ) const {
    bool skip = false;

    if ((groupCountX == 0) || (groupCountY == 0) || (groupCountZ == 0)) {
        skip |= LogWarning(device, kVUID_BestPractices_CmdDispatch_GroupCountZero,
                           "Warning: You are calling vkCmdDispatch() while one or more groupCounts are zero (groupCountX = %" PRIu32
                           ", groupCountY = %" PRIu32 ", groupCountZ = %" PRIu32 ").",
                           groupCountX, groupCountY, groupCountZ);
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::ValidateGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlanePropertiesKHRQuery(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
                                                                            const char* api_name) const {
    bool skip = false;
    const auto physical_device_state = GetPhysicalDeviceState(physicalDevice);

    if (physical_device_state->vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlanePropertiesKHRState == UNCALLED) {
        skip |= LogWarning(physicalDevice, kVUID_BestPractices_DisplayPlane_PropertiesNotCalled,
                           "Potential problem with calling %s() without first retrieving properties from "
                           "vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlanePropertiesKHR or vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlaneProperties2KHR.",
                           api_name);
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateGetDisplayPlaneSupportedDisplaysKHR(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, uint32_t planeIndex,
                                                                       uint32_t* pDisplayCount, VkDisplayKHR* pDisplays) const {
    bool skip = false;

    skip |= ValidateGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlanePropertiesKHRQuery(physicalDevice, "vkGetDisplayPlaneSupportedDisplaysKHR");

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateGetDisplayPlaneCapabilitiesKHR(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkDisplayModeKHR mode,
                                                                  uint32_t planeIndex,
                                                                  VkDisplayPlaneCapabilitiesKHR* pCapabilities) const {
    bool skip = false;

    skip |= ValidateGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlanePropertiesKHRQuery(physicalDevice, "vkGetDisplayPlaneCapabilitiesKHR");

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateGetDisplayPlaneCapabilities2KHR(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
                                                                   const VkDisplayPlaneInfo2KHR* pDisplayPlaneInfo,
                                                                   VkDisplayPlaneCapabilities2KHR* pCapabilities) const {
    bool skip = false;

    skip |= ValidateGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlanePropertiesKHRQuery(physicalDevice, "vkGetDisplayPlaneCapabilities2KHR");

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateGetSwapchainImagesKHR(VkDevice device, VkSwapchainKHR swapchain, uint32_t* pSwapchainImageCount,
                                                         VkImage* pSwapchainImages) const {
    bool skip = false;

    auto swapchain_state = GetSwapchainState(swapchain);

    if (swapchain_state && pSwapchainImages) {
        // Compare the preliminary value of *pSwapchainImageCount with the value this time:
        if (swapchain_state->vkGetSwapchainImagesKHRState == UNCALLED) {
            skip |=
                LogWarning(device, kVUID_Core_Swapchain_PriorCount,
                           "vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR() called with non-NULL pSwapchainImageCount; but no prior positive value has "
                           "been seen for pSwapchainImages.");
        }
    }

    return skip;
}

// Common function to handle validation for GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties & 2KHR version
bool BestPractices::ValidateCommonGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(const PHYSICAL_DEVICE_STATE* pd_state,
                                                                         uint32_t requested_queue_family_property_count,
                                                                         bool qfp_null, const char* caller_name) const {
    bool skip = false;
    if (!qfp_null) {
        // Verify that for each physical device, this command is called first with NULL pQueueFamilyProperties in order to get count
        if (UNCALLED == pd_state->vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyPropertiesState) {
            skip |= LogWarning(
                pd_state->phys_device, kVUID_Core_DevLimit_MissingQueryCount,
                "%s is called with non-NULL pQueueFamilyProperties before obtaining pQueueFamilyPropertyCount. It is recommended "
                "to first call %s with NULL pQueueFamilyProperties in order to obtain the maximal pQueueFamilyPropertyCount.",
                caller_name, caller_name);
            // Then verify that pCount that is passed in on second call matches what was returned
        } else if (pd_state->queue_family_known_count != requested_queue_family_property_count) {
            skip |= LogWarning(
                pd_state->phys_device, kVUID_Core_DevLimit_CountMismatch,
                "%s is called with non-NULL pQueueFamilyProperties and pQueueFamilyPropertyCount value %" PRIu32
                ", but the largest previously returned pQueueFamilyPropertyCount for this physicalDevice is %" PRIu32
                ". It is recommended to instead receive all the properties by calling %s with pQueueFamilyPropertyCount that was "
                "previously obtained by calling %s with NULL pQueueFamilyProperties.",
                caller_name, requested_queue_family_property_count, pd_state->queue_family_known_count, caller_name, caller_name);
        }
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateBindAccelerationStructureMemoryNV(
    VkDevice device, uint32_t bindInfoCount, const VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV* pBindInfos) const {
    bool skip = false;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bindInfoCount; i++) {
        const ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_STATE* as_state = GetAccelerationStructureState(pBindInfos[i].accelerationStructure);
        if (!as_state->memory_requirements_checked) {
            // There's not an explicit requirement in the spec to call vkGetImageMemoryRequirements() prior to calling
            // BindAccelerationStructureMemoryNV but it's implied in that memory being bound must conform with
            // VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsInfoNV from vkGetAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsNV
            skip |= LogWarning(
                device, kVUID_BestPractices_BindAccelNV_NoMemReqQuery,
                "vkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryNV(): "
                "Binding memory to %s but vkGetAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsNV() has not been called on that structure.",
                report_data->FormatHandle(pBindInfos[i].accelerationStructure).c_str());
        }
    }

    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
                                                                          uint32_t* pQueueFamilyPropertyCount,
                                                                          VkQueueFamilyProperties* pQueueFamilyProperties) const {
    const auto physical_device_state = GetPhysicalDeviceState(physicalDevice);
    assert(physical_device_state);
    return ValidateCommonGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_device_state, *pQueueFamilyPropertyCount,
                                                                (nullptr == pQueueFamilyProperties),
                                                                "vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties()");
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2(
    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, uint32_t* pQueueFamilyPropertyCount,
    VkQueueFamilyProperties2KHR* pQueueFamilyProperties) const {
    const auto physical_device_state = GetPhysicalDeviceState(physicalDevice);
    assert(physical_device_state);
    return ValidateCommonGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_device_state, *pQueueFamilyPropertyCount,
                                                                (nullptr == pQueueFamilyProperties),
                                                                "vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2()");
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2KHR(
    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, uint32_t* pQueueFamilyPropertyCount,
    VkQueueFamilyProperties2KHR* pQueueFamilyProperties) const {
    auto physical_device_state = GetPhysicalDeviceState(physicalDevice);
    assert(physical_device_state);
    return ValidateCommonGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_device_state, *pQueueFamilyPropertyCount,
                                                                (nullptr == pQueueFamilyProperties),
                                                                "vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2KHR()");
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkSurfaceKHR surface,
                                                                      uint32_t* pSurfaceFormatCount,
                                                                      VkSurfaceFormatKHR* pSurfaceFormats) const {
    if (!pSurfaceFormats) return false;
    const auto physical_device_state = GetPhysicalDeviceState(physicalDevice);
    const auto& call_state = physical_device_state->vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHRState;
    bool skip = false;
    if (call_state == UNCALLED) {
        // Since we haven't recorded a preliminary value of *pSurfaceFormatCount, that likely means that the application didn't
        // previously call this function with a NULL value of pSurfaceFormats:
        skip |= LogWarning(physicalDevice, kVUID_Core_DevLimit_MustQueryCount,
                           "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR() called with non-NULL pSurfaceFormatCount; but no prior "
                           "positive value has been seen for pSurfaceFormats.");
    } else {
        auto prev_format_count = (uint32_t)physical_device_state->surface_formats.size();
        if (*pSurfaceFormatCount > prev_format_count) {
            skip |= LogWarning(physicalDevice, kVUID_Core_DevLimit_CountMismatch,
                               "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR() called with non-NULL pSurfaceFormatCount, and with "
                               "pSurfaceFormats set to a value (%u) that is greater than the value (%u) that was returned "
                               "when pSurfaceFormatCount was NULL.",
                               *pSurfaceFormatCount, prev_format_count);
        }
    }
    return skip;
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateQueueBindSparse(VkQueue queue, uint32_t bindInfoCount, const VkBindSparseInfo* pBindInfo,
                                                   VkFence fence) const {
    bool skip = false;

    for (uint32_t bindIdx = 0; bindIdx < bindInfoCount; bindIdx++) {
        const VkBindSparseInfo& bindInfo = pBindInfo[bindIdx];
        // Store sparse binding image_state and after binding is complete make sure that any requiring metadata have it bound
        std::unordered_set<const IMAGE_STATE*> sparse_images;
        // Track images getting metadata bound by this call in a set, it'll be recorded into the image_state
        // in RecordQueueBindSparse.
        std::unordered_set<const IMAGE_STATE*> sparse_images_with_metadata;
        // If we're binding sparse image memory make sure reqs were queried and note if metadata is required and bound
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bindInfo.imageBindCount; ++i) {
            const auto& image_bind = bindInfo.pImageBinds[i];
            auto image_state = GetImageState(image_bind.image);
            if (!image_state)
                continue;  // Param/Object validation should report image_bind.image handles being invalid, so just skip here.
            sparse_images.insert(image_state);
            if (image_state->createInfo.flags & VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT) {
                if (!image_state->get_sparse_reqs_called || image_state->sparse_requirements.empty()) {
                    // For now just warning if sparse image binding occurs without calling to get reqs first
                    skip |= LogWarning(image_state->image, kVUID_Core_MemTrack_InvalidState,
                                       "vkQueueBindSparse(): Binding sparse memory to %s without first calling "
                                       "vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements[2KHR]() to retrieve requirements.",
                                       report_data->FormatHandle(image_state->image).c_str());
                }
            }
            if (!image_state->memory_requirements_checked) {
                // For now just warning if sparse image binding occurs without calling to get reqs first
                skip |= LogWarning(image_state->image, kVUID_Core_MemTrack_InvalidState,
                                   "vkQueueBindSparse(): Binding sparse memory to %s without first calling "
                                   "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements() to retrieve requirements.",
                                   report_data->FormatHandle(image_state->image).c_str());
            }
        }
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bindInfo.imageOpaqueBindCount; ++i) {
            const auto& image_opaque_bind = bindInfo.pImageOpaqueBinds[i];
            auto image_state = GetImageState(bindInfo.pImageOpaqueBinds[i].image);
            if (!image_state)
                continue;  // Param/Object validation should report image_bind.image handles being invalid, so just skip here.
            sparse_images.insert(image_state);
            if (image_state->createInfo.flags & VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT) {
                if (!image_state->get_sparse_reqs_called || image_state->sparse_requirements.empty()) {
                    // For now just warning if sparse image binding occurs without calling to get reqs first
                    skip |= LogWarning(image_state->image, kVUID_Core_MemTrack_InvalidState,
                                       "vkQueueBindSparse(): Binding opaque sparse memory to %s without first calling "
                                       "vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements[2KHR]() to retrieve requirements.",
                                       report_data->FormatHandle(image_state->image).c_str());
                }
            }
            if (!image_state->memory_requirements_checked) {
                // For now just warning if sparse image binding occurs without calling to get reqs first
                skip |= LogWarning(image_state->image, kVUID_Core_MemTrack_InvalidState,
                                   "vkQueueBindSparse(): Binding opaque sparse memory to %s without first calling "
                                   "vkGetImageMemoryRequirements() to retrieve requirements.",
                                   report_data->FormatHandle(image_state->image).c_str());
            }
            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < image_opaque_bind.bindCount; ++j) {
                if (image_opaque_bind.pBinds[j].flags & VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT) {
                    sparse_images_with_metadata.insert(image_state);
                }
            }
        }
        for (const auto& sparse_image_state : sparse_images) {
            if (sparse_image_state->sparse_metadata_required && !sparse_image_state->sparse_metadata_bound &&
                sparse_images_with_metadata.find(sparse_image_state) == sparse_images_with_metadata.end()) {
                // Warn if sparse image binding metadata required for image with sparse binding, but metadata not bound
                skip |= LogWarning(sparse_image_state->image, kVUID_Core_MemTrack_InvalidState,
                                   "vkQueueBindSparse(): Binding sparse memory to %s which requires a metadata aspect but no "
                                   "binding with VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT set was made.",
                                   report_data->FormatHandle(sparse_image_state->image).c_str());
            }
        }
    }

    return skip;
}

void BestPractices::PostCallRecordQueueBindSparse(VkQueue queue, uint32_t bindInfoCount, const VkBindSparseInfo* pBindInfo,
                                                  VkFence fence, VkResult result) {
    if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
        static std::vector<VkResult> error_codes = {VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY, VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY,
                                                    VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST};
        static std::vector<VkResult> success_codes = {};
        ValidateReturnCodes("vkReleaseFullScreenExclusiveModeEXT", result, error_codes, success_codes);
        return;
    }

    for (uint32_t bindIdx = 0; bindIdx < bindInfoCount; bindIdx++) {
        const VkBindSparseInfo& bindInfo = pBindInfo[bindIdx];
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bindInfo.imageOpaqueBindCount; ++i) {
            const auto& image_opaque_bind = bindInfo.pImageOpaqueBinds[i];
            auto image_state = GetImageState(bindInfo.pImageOpaqueBinds[i].image);
            if (!image_state)
                continue;  // Param/Object validation should report image_bind.image handles being invalid, so just skip here.
            for (uint32_t j = 0; j < image_opaque_bind.bindCount; ++j) {
                if (image_opaque_bind.pBinds[j].flags & VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT) {
                    image_state->sparse_metadata_bound = true;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

bool BestPractices::PreCallValidateCmdClearAttachments(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, uint32_t attachmentCount,
                                                       const VkClearAttachment* pAttachments, uint32_t rectCount,
                                                       const VkClearRect* pRects) const {
    bool skip = false;
    const CMD_BUFFER_STATE* cb_node = GetCBState(commandBuffer);
    if (!cb_node) return skip;

    // Warn if this is issued prior to Draw Cmd and clearing the entire attachment
    if (!cb_node->hasDrawCmd && (cb_node->activeRenderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width == pRects[0].rect.extent.width) &&
        (cb_node->activeRenderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height == pRects[0].rect.extent.height)) {
        // There are times where app needs to use ClearAttachments (generally when reusing a buffer inside of a render pass)
        // This warning should be made more specific. It'd be best to avoid triggering this test if it's a use that must call
        // CmdClearAttachments.
        skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(commandBuffer, kVUID_BestPractices_DrawState_ClearCmdBeforeDraw,
                                      "vkCmdClearAttachments() issued on %s prior to any Draw Cmds. It is recommended you "
                                      "use RenderPass LOAD_OP_CLEAR on Attachments prior to any Draw.",
                                      report_data->FormatHandle(commandBuffer).c_str());
    }

    // Check for uses of ClearAttachments along with LOAD_OP_LOAD,
    // as it can be more efficient to just use LOAD_OP_CLEAR
    const RENDER_PASS_STATE* rp = cb_node->activeRenderPass;
    if (rp) {
        const auto& subpass = rp->createInfo.pSubpasses[cb_node->activeSubpass];

        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < attachmentCount; i++) {
            auto& attachment = pAttachments[i];
            if (attachment.aspectMask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT) {
                uint32_t color_attachment = attachment.colorAttachment;
                uint32_t fb_attachment = subpass.pColorAttachments[color_attachment].attachment;

                if (fb_attachment != VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED) {
                    if (rp->createInfo.pAttachments[fb_attachment].loadOp == VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD) {
                        skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
                            device, kVUID_BestPractices_ClearAttachments_ClearAfterLoad,
                            "vkCmdClearAttachments() issued on %s for color attachment #%u in this subpass, "
                            "but LOAD_OP_LOAD was used. If you need to clear the framebuffer, always use LOAD_OP_CLEAR as "
                            "it is more efficient.",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(commandBuffer).c_str(), color_attachment);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment && attachment.aspectMask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT) {
                uint32_t fb_attachment = subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment->attachment;

                if (fb_attachment != VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED) {
                    if (rp->createInfo.pAttachments[fb_attachment].loadOp == VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD) {
                        skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
                            device, kVUID_BestPractices_ClearAttachments_ClearAfterLoad,
                            "vkCmdClearAttachments() issued on %s for the depth attachment in this subpass, "
                            "but LOAD_OP_LOAD was used. If you need to clear the framebuffer, always use LOAD_OP_CLEAR as "
                            "it is more efficient.",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(commandBuffer).c_str());
                    }
                }
            }

            if (subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment && attachment.aspectMask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT) {
                uint32_t fb_attachment = subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment->attachment;

                if (fb_attachment != VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED) {
                    if (rp->createInfo.pAttachments[fb_attachment].stencilLoadOp == VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD) {
                        skip |= LogPerformanceWarning(
                            device, kVUID_BestPractices_ClearAttachments_ClearAfterLoad,
                            "vkCmdClearAttachments() issued on %s for the stencil attachment in this subpass, "
                            "but LOAD_OP_LOAD was used. If you need to clear the framebuffer, always use LOAD_OP_CLEAR as "
                            "it is more efficient.",
                            report_data->FormatHandle(commandBuffer).c_str());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return skip;
}