common.sh

#!/bin/bash
# Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
# found in the LICENSE file.

# All scripts should die on error unless commands are specifically excepted
# by prefixing with '!' or surrounded by 'set +e' / 'set -e'.

# The number of jobs to pass to tools that can run in parallel (such as make
# and dpkg-buildpackage
if [[ -z ${NUM_JOBS:-} ]]; then
  NUM_JOBS=$(grep -c "^processor" /proc/cpuinfo)
fi
# Ensure that any sub scripts we invoke get the max proc count.
export NUM_JOBS

# Returns the pv command if it's available, otherwise plain-old cat. Note that
# this function echoes the command, rather than running it, so it can be used
# as an argument to other commands (like sudo).
pv_cat_cmd() {
  if type -P pv >&/dev/null; then
    # Limit pv's output to 80 columns, for readability.
    local term_cols=$(stty size 2>/dev/null | cut -d' ' -f2)
    if [[ ${term_cols:-0} -gt 80 ]]; then
      echo pv -w 80 -B 4m
    else
      echo pv -B 4m
    fi
  else
    echo cat
  fi
}

# Make sure we have the location and name of the calling script, using
# the current value if it is already set.
: ${SCRIPT_LOCATION:=$(dirname "$(readlink -f -- "$0")")}
: ${SCRIPT_NAME:=$(basename -- "$0")}

# Detect whether we're inside a chroot or not
CHROOT_VERSION_FILE=/etc/cros_chroot_version
if [[ -e ${CHROOT_VERSION_FILE} ]]; then
  INSIDE_CHROOT=1
else
  INSIDE_CHROOT=0
fi

# Determine and set up variables needed for fancy color output (if supported).
V_BOLD_RED=
V_BOLD_GREEN=
V_BOLD_YELLOW=
V_REVERSE=
V_VIDOFF=

if [[ -t 1 ]] && tput colors >&/dev/null; then
  # order matters: we want VIDOFF last so that when we trace with `set -x`,
  # our terminal doesn't bleed colors as bash dumps the values of vars.
  V_BOLD_RED=$(tput bold; tput setaf 1)
  V_BOLD_GREEN=$(tput bold; tput setaf 2)
  V_BOLD_YELLOW=$(tput bold; tput setaf 3)
  V_REVERSE=$(tput rev)
  V_VIDOFF=$(tput sgr0)
fi

# Turn on bash debug support if available for backtraces.
shopt -s extdebug 2>/dev/null

# Output a backtrace. Optional parameter allows hiding the last
# frame(s) so functions like "die()" can hide their additional
# frame(s) if they wish.
dump_trace() {
  # Default = 0 hidden frames: show everything except dump_trace
  # frame itself.
  local hidden_frames=${1:-0}
  local j n p func src line args
  p=${#BASH_ARGV[@]}

  error "$(date)"
  error "$(ps f -o pgid,ppid,pid,etime,cputime,%cpu,command)"

  # Frame 0 is ourselves so it's always suppressed / does not count.
  for (( n = ${#FUNCNAME[@]}; n > hidden_frames; --n )); do
    func=${FUNCNAME[${n} - 1]}
    line=${BASH_LINENO[${n} - 1]}
    args=
    if [[ -z ${BASH_ARGC[${n} -1]} ]]; then
      args='(args unknown, no debug available)'
    else
      for (( j = 0; j < ${BASH_ARGC[${n} -1]}; ++j )); do
        args="${args:+${args} }'${BASH_ARGV[$(( p - j - 1 ))]}'"
      done
      ! (( p -= ${BASH_ARGC[${n} - 1]} ))
    fi
    if [[ ${n} == ${#FUNCNAME[@]} ]]; then
      error "Arguments of $$: ${0##/*} ${args}"
      error "Backtrace:  (most recent call is last)"
    else
      src=${BASH_SOURCE[${n}]##*/}
      curr_func=${FUNCNAME[${n}]}
      error "$(printf ' %s:%s:%s(), called: %s %s ' \
               "${src}" "${line}" "${curr_func}" "${func}" "${args}")"
    fi
  done
}

# Declare these asap so that code below can safely assume they exist.
_message() {
  local prefix=$1
  shift
  if [[ $# -eq 0 ]]; then
    echo -e "${prefix}${CROS_LOG_PREFIX:-""}:${V_VIDOFF}" >&2
    return
  fi
  (
    # Handle newlines in the message, prefixing each chunk correctly.
    # Do this in a subshell to avoid having to track IFS/set -f state.
    IFS="
"
    set +f
    set -- $*
    IFS=' '
    if [[ $# -eq 0 ]]; then
      # Empty line was requested.
      set -- ''
    fi
    for line in "$@"; do
      echo -e "${prefix}${CROS_LOG_PREFIX:-}: ${line}${V_VIDOFF}" >&2
    done
  )
}

info() {
  _message "${V_BOLD_GREEN}INFO    " "$*"
}

warn() {
  _message "${V_BOLD_YELLOW}WARNING " "$*"
}

error() {
  _message "${V_BOLD_RED}ERROR   " "$*"
}


# For all die functions, they must explicitly force set +eu;
# no reason to have them cause their own crash if we're in the middle
# of reporting an error condition then exiting.
die_err_trap() {
  local result=${1:-$?}
  local command=${2:-${BASH_COMMAND:-command unknown}}
  set +e +u

  if [[ ${result} == "0" ]]; then
    # Let callers simplify by setting us as an EXIT trap handler.
    return 0
  fi

  # Per the message, bash misreports 127 as 1 during err trap sometimes.
  # Note this fact to ensure users don't place too much faith in the
  # exit code in that case.
  set -- "Command '${command}' exited with nonzero code: ${result}"
  if [[ ${result} -eq 1 ]] && [[ -z $(type -t ${command}) ]]; then
    set -- "$@" \
       '(Note bash sometimes misreports "command not found" as exit code 1 '\
'instead of 127)'
  fi
  dump_trace 1
  error
  error "Command failed:"
  DIE_PREFIX='  '
  die_notrace "$@"
}

# Exit this script due to a failure, outputting a backtrace in the process.
die() {
  set +e +u
  dump_trace 1
  error
  error "Error was:"
  DIE_PREFIX='  '
  die_notrace "$@"
}

# Exit this script w/out a backtrace.
die_notrace() {
  set +e +u
  if [[ $# -eq 0 ]]; then
    set -- '(no error message given)'
  fi
  local line
  for line in "$@"; do
    error "${DIE_PREFIX}${line}"
  done
  exit 1
}

# Check for a single string in a list of space-separated strings.
# e.g. has "foo" "foo bar baz" is true, but has "f" "foo bar baz" is not.
has() { [[ " ${*:2} " == *" $1 "* ]]; }

# Directory locations inside the dev chroot; try the new default,
# falling back to user specific paths if the upgrade has yet to
# happen.
_user="${USER}"
[[ ${USER} == "root" ]] && _user="${SUDO_USER}"
_CHROOT_TRUNK_DIRS=( "/home/${_user}/trunk" /mnt/host/source )
_DEPOT_TOOLS_DIRS=( "/home/${_user}/depot_tools" /mnt/host/depot_tools )
_WORKSPACE_DIRS=( "/home/${_user}/workspace" /mnt/host/workspace )
unset _user

_process_mount_pt() {
  # Given 4 arguments; the root path, the variable to set,
  # the old location, and the new; finally, forcing the upgrade is doable
  # via if a 5th arg is provided.
  # This will then try to migrate the old to new if we can do so right now
  # (else leaving symlinks in place w/in the new), and will set $1 to the
  # new location.
  local base=${1:-/} var=$2 old=$3 new=$4 force=${5:-false}
  local _sudo=$([[ ${USER} != "root" ]] && echo sudo)
  local val=${new}
  if ${force} || [[ -L ${base}/${new} ]] || [[ ! -e ${base}/${new} ]]; then
    # Ok, it's either a symlink or this is the first run.  Upgrade if we can-
    # specifically, if we're outside the chroot and we can rmdir the old.
    # If we cannot rmdir the old, that's due to a mount being bound to that
    # point (even if we can't see it, it's there)- thus fallback to adding
    # compat links.
    if ${force} || ( [[ ${INSIDE_CHROOT} -eq 0 ]] && \
        ${_sudo} rmdir "${base}/${old}" 2>/dev/null ); then
      ${_sudo} rm -f "${base}/${new}" || :
      ${_sudo} mkdir -p "${base}/${new}" "$(dirname "${base}/${old}" )"
      ${_sudo} ln -s "${new}" "${base}/${old}"
    else
      if [[ ! -L ${base}/${new} ]]; then
        # We can't do the upgrade right now; install compatibility links.
        ${_sudo} mkdir -p "$(dirname "${base}/${new}")" "${base}/${old}"
        ${_sudo} ln -s "${old}" "${base}/${new}"
      fi
      val=${old}
    fi
  fi
  eval "${var}=\"${val}\""
}

set_chroot_trunk_dir() {
  # This takes two optional arguments; the first being the path to the chroot
  # base; this is only used by enter_chroot.  The second argument is whether
  # or not to force the new pathways; this is only used by make_chroot.  Passing
  # a non-null value for $2 forces the new paths.
  if [[ ${INSIDE_CHROOT} -eq 0 ]] && [[ -z ${1-} ]]; then
    # Can't do the upgrade, thus skip trying to do so.
    CHROOT_TRUNK_DIR="${_CHROOT_TRUNK_DIRS[1]}"
    DEPOT_TOOLS_DIR="${_DEPOT_TOOLS_DIRS[1]}"
    WORKSPACE_DIR="${_WORKSPACE_DIRS[1]}"
    return
  fi
  _process_mount_pt "${1:-}" CHROOT_TRUNK_DIR "${_CHROOT_TRUNK_DIRS[@]}" \
      ${2:+true}
  _process_mount_pt "${1:-}" DEPOT_TOOLS_DIR "${_DEPOT_TOOLS_DIRS[@]}" \
      ${2:+true}
  _process_mount_pt "${1:-}" WORKSPACE_DIR "${_WORKSPACE_DIRS[@]}" \
      ${2:+true}
}

set_chroot_trunk_dir

# Construct a list of possible locations for the source tree.  This list is
# based on various environment variables and globals that may have been set
# by the calling script.
get_gclient_root_list() {
  if [[ ${INSIDE_CHROOT} -eq 1 ]]; then
    echo "${CHROOT_TRUNK_DIR}"
  fi

  if [[ -n ${COMMON_SH:-} ]]; then echo "$(dirname "${COMMON_SH}")/../.."; fi
  if [[ -n ${BASH_SOURCE} ]]; then echo "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE}")/../.."; fi
}

# Based on the list of possible source locations we set GCLIENT_ROOT if it is
# not already defined by looking for a src directory in each seach path
# location.  If we do not find a valid looking root we error out.
get_gclient_root() {
  if [[ -n ${GCLIENT_ROOT:-} ]]; then
    return
  fi

  for path in $(get_gclient_root_list); do
    if [[ -d ${path}/src ]]; then
      GCLIENT_ROOT=${path}
      break
    fi
  done

  if [[ -z ${GCLIENT_ROOT} ]]; then
    # Using dash or sh, we don't know where we are.  $0 refers to the calling
    # script, not ourselves, so that doesn't help us.
    echo "Unable to determine location for common.sh.  If you are sourcing"
    echo "common.sh from a script run via dash or sh, you must do it in the"
    echo "following way:"
    echo '  COMMON_SH="$(dirname "$0")/../../scripts/common.sh"'
    echo '  . "${COMMON_SH}"'
    echo "where the first line is the relative path from your script to"
    echo "common.sh."
    exit 1
  fi
}

# Populate the ENVIRONMENT_WHITELIST array.
load_environment_whitelist() {
  set -f
  ENVIRONMENT_WHITELIST=(
    $("${GCLIENT_ROOT}/chromite/scripts/cros_env_whitelist")
  )
  set +f
}

# Find root of source tree
get_gclient_root

# Canonicalize the directories for the root dir and the calling script.
# readlink is part of coreutils and should be present even in a bare chroot.
# This is better than just using
#     FOO="$(cd ${FOO} ; pwd)"
# since that leaves symbolic links intact.
# Note that 'realpath' is equivalent to 'readlink -f'.
SCRIPT_LOCATION=$(readlink -f "${SCRIPT_LOCATION}")
GCLIENT_ROOT=$(readlink -f "${GCLIENT_ROOT}")

# Other directories should always be pathed down from GCLIENT_ROOT.
SRC_ROOT="${GCLIENT_ROOT}/src"
SRC_INTERNAL="${GCLIENT_ROOT}/src-internal"
SCRIPTS_DIR="${SRC_ROOT}/scripts"
BUILD_LIBRARY_DIR="${SCRIPTS_DIR}/build_library"

# Load developer's custom settings.  Default location is in scripts dir,
# since that's available both inside and outside the chroot.  By convention,
# settings from this file are variables starting with 'CHROMEOS_'
: ${CHROMEOS_DEV_SETTINGS:=${SCRIPTS_DIR}/.chromeos_dev}
if [[ -f ${CHROMEOS_DEV_SETTINGS} ]]; then
  # Turn on exit-on-error during custom settings processing
  SAVE_OPTS=$(set +o)
  switch_to_strict_mode

  # Read settings
  . "${CHROMEOS_DEV_SETTINGS}"

  # Restore previous state of exit-on-error
  eval "${SAVE_OPTS}"
fi

# Load shflags
# NOTE: This code snippet is in particular used by the au-generator (which
# stores shflags in ./lib/shflags/) and should not be touched.
if [[ -f ${SCRIPTS_DIR}/lib/shflags/shflags ]]; then
  . "${SCRIPTS_DIR}/lib/shflags/shflags" || die "Couldn't find shflags"
else
  . ./lib/shflags/shflags || die "Couldn't find shflags"
fi

# Our local mirror
DEFAULT_CHROMEOS_SERVER=${CHROMEOS_SERVER:-"http://build.chromium.org/mirror"}

# Upstream mirrors and build suites come in 2 flavors
#   DEV - development chroot, used to build the chromeos image
#   IMG - bootable image, to run on actual hardware

DEFAULT_DEV_MIRROR=${CHROMEOS_DEV_MIRROR:-"${DEFAULT_CHROMEOS_SERVER}/ubuntu"}
DEFAULT_DEV_SUITE=${CHROMEOS_DEV_SUITE:-"karmic"}

DEFAULT_IMG_MIRROR=${CHROMEOS_IMG_MIRROR:-"${DEFAULT_CHROMEOS_SERVER}/ubuntu"}
DEFAULT_IMG_SUITE=${CHROMEOS_IMG_SUITE:-"karmic"}

# Default location for chroot
DEFAULT_CHROOT_DIR=${CHROMEOS_CHROOT_DIR:-"${GCLIENT_ROOT}/chroot"}

# All output files from build should go under ${DEFAULT_BUILD_ROOT}, so that
# they don't pollute the source directory.
DEFAULT_BUILD_ROOT=${CHROMEOS_BUILD_ROOT:-"${SRC_ROOT}/build"}

# Default location for event files
DEFAULT_EVENT_DIR=${DEFAULT_EVENT_DIR:-"${DEFAULT_BUILD_ROOT}/events"}

# Default event file. Format is YYYYDD.HHMM.json
DEFAULT_EVENT_FILE=${DEFAULT_EVENT_FILE:-"${DEFAULT_EVENT_DIR}/$(date +%Y%m%d.%H%M.).json"}

# Set up a global ALL_BOARDS value
if [[ -d ${SRC_ROOT}/overlays ]]; then
  ALL_BOARDS=$(cd "${SRC_ROOT}/overlays"; \
    ls -1d overlay-* 2>&- | sed 's,overlay-,,g')
fi
# Normalize whitespace.
ALL_BOARDS=$(echo ${ALL_BOARDS})

# Sets the default board variable for calling script.
if [[ -f ${GCLIENT_ROOT}/src/scripts/.default_board ]]; then
  DEFAULT_BOARD=$(<"${GCLIENT_ROOT}/src/scripts/.default_board")
  # Check for user typos like whitespace.
  if [[ -n ${DEFAULT_BOARD//[a-zA-Z0-9-_]} ]]; then
    die ".default_board: invalid name detected; please fix:" \
        "'${DEFAULT_BOARD}'"
  fi
fi
# Stub to get people to upgrade.
get_default_board() {
  warn "please upgrade your script, and make sure to run build_packages"
}

# Enable --fast by default.
DEFAULT_FAST=${FLAGS_TRUE}

# Directory to store built images.  Should be set by sourcing script when used.
BUILD_DIR=

# Standard filenames
CHROMEOS_BASE_IMAGE_NAME="chromiumos_base_image.bin"
CHROMEOS_IMAGE_NAME="chromiumos_image.bin"
CHROMEOS_DEVELOPER_IMAGE_NAME="chromiumos_image.bin"
CHROMEOS_RECOVERY_IMAGE_NAME="recovery_image.bin"
CHROMEOS_TEST_IMAGE_NAME="chromiumos_test_image.bin"
CHROMEOS_FACTORY_INSTALL_SHIM_NAME="factory_install_shim.bin"
SYSROOT_SETTINGS_FILE="/var/cache/edb/chromeos"

# Install mask for portage ebuilds.  Used by build_image and gmergefs.
# TODO: Is /usr/local/autotest-chrome still used by anyone?
COMMON_INSTALL_MASK="
  *.a
  *.c
  *.cc
  *.go
  *.la
  *.h
  *.hh
  *.hpp
  *.h++
  *.hxx
  */.keep*
  /etc/init.d
  /etc/runlevels
  /firmware
  /lib/modules/*/vdso
  /lib/rc
  /lib/systemd
  /usr/bin/*-config
  /usr/bin/Xnest
  /usr/bin/Xvfb
  /usr/include/nspr/*
  /usr/include/X11/*
  /usr/lib/debug
  /usr/lib/gopath
  /usr/lib*/pkgconfig
  /usr/lib/systemd
  /usr/local/autotest-chrome
  /usr/man
  /usr/share/aclocal
  /usr/share/cups/drv
  /usr/share/doc
  /usr/share/gettext
  /usr/share/gtk-2.0
  /usr/share/gtk-doc
  /usr/share/info
  /usr/share/man
  /usr/share/ppd
  /usr/share/openrc
  /usr/share/pkgconfig
  /usr/share/profiling
  /usr/share/readline
  /usr/src
  "

# Mask for base, dev, and test images (build_image, build_image --test)
DEFAULT_INSTALL_MASK="
  ${COMMON_INSTALL_MASK}
  /boot/config-*
  /boot/System.map-*
  /usr/local/build/autotest
  /lib/modules/*/build
  /lib/modules/*/source
  test_*.ko
  "

# Mask for factory test image (make_factory_toolkit.sh)
FACTORY_TEST_INSTALL_MASK="
  ${COMMON_INSTALL_MASK}
  */.svn
  */CVS
  /usr/local/autotest/conmux
  /usr/local/build/autotest
  /usr/local/factory/bundle
  "

# Mask for factory install shim (build_image factory_install)
FACTORY_SHIM_INSTALL_MASK="
  ${DEFAULT_INSTALL_MASK}
  /opt/[^g]*
  /opt/google/chrome
  /opt/google/containers
  /opt/google/o3d
  /opt/google/talkplugin
  /usr/lib/dri
  /usr/lib/python2.6/test
  /usr/lib64/dri
  /usr/local/autotest-pkgs
  /usr/share/X11
  /usr/share/chewing
  /usr/share/chromeos-assets
  /usr/share/fonts
  /usr/share/ibus-pinyin
  /usr/share/libhangul
  /usr/share/locale
  /usr/share/m17n
  /usr/share/mime
  /usr/share/oem
  /usr/share/pyzy
  /usr/share/sounds
  /usr/share/tts
  /usr/share/zoneinfo
  "

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Functions

setup_board_warning() {
  echo
  echo "${V_REVERSE}================  WARNING  =====================${V_VIDOFF}"
  echo
  echo "*** No default board detected in " \
    "${GCLIENT_ROOT}/src/scripts/.default_board"
  echo "*** Either run setup_board with default flag set"
  echo "*** or echo |board_name| > ${GCLIENT_ROOT}/src/scripts/.default_board"
  echo
}

is_nfs() {
  [[ $(stat -f -L -c %T "$1") == "nfs" ]]
}

warn_if_nfs() {
  if is_nfs "$1"; then
    warn "$1 is on NFS. This is untested. You can send patches if it's broken."
  fi
}

# Enter a chroot and restart the current script if needed
restart_in_chroot_if_needed() {
  # NB:  Pass in ARGV:  restart_in_chroot_if_needed "$@"
  if [[ ${INSIDE_CHROOT} -ne 1 ]]; then
    # Get inside_chroot path for script.
    local chroot_path="$(reinterpret_path_for_chroot "$0")"
    exec ${GCLIENT_ROOT}/chromite/bin/cros_sdk -- "${chroot_path}" "$@"
  fi
}

# Fail unless we're inside the chroot.  This guards against messing up your
# workstation.
assert_inside_chroot() {
  if [[ ${INSIDE_CHROOT} -ne 1 ]]; then
    echo "This script must be run inside the chroot.  Run this first:"
    echo "    cros_sdk"
    exit 1
  fi
}

# Fail if we're inside the chroot.  This guards against creating or entering
# nested chroots, among other potential problems.
assert_outside_chroot() {
  if [[ ${INSIDE_CHROOT} -ne 0 ]]; then
    echo "This script must be run outside the chroot."
    exit 1
  fi
}

assert_not_root_user() {
  if [[ ${UID:-$(id -u)} == 0 ]]; then
    echo "This script must be run as a non-root user."
    exit 1
  fi
}

assert_root_user() {
  if [[ ${UID:-$(id -u)} != 0 ]] || [[ ${SUDO_USER:-root} == "root" ]]; then
    die_notrace "This script must be run using sudo from a non-root user."
  fi
}

# Check that all arguments are flags; that is, there are no remaining arguments
# after parsing from shflags.  Allow (with a warning) a single empty-string
# argument.
#
# TODO: fix buildbot so that it doesn't pass the empty-string parameter,
# then change this function.
#
# Usage: check_flags_only_and_allow_null_arg "$@" && set --
check_flags_only_and_allow_null_arg() {
  local do_shift=1
  if [[ $# -eq 1 ]] && [[ -z $1 ]]; then
    echo "$0: warning: ignoring null argument" >&2
    shift
    do_shift=0
  fi
  if [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; then
    echo "error: invalid arguments: \"$*\"" >&2
    flags_help
    exit 1
  fi
  return ${do_shift}
}

# Removes single quotes around parameter
# Arguments:
#   $1 - string which optionally has surrounding quotes
# Returns:
#   None, but prints the string without quotes.
remove_quotes() {
  echo "$1" | sed -e "s/^'//; s/'$//"
}

# Writes stdin to the given file name as root using sudo in overwrite mode.
#
# $1 - The output file name.
sudo_clobber() {
  sudo tee "$1" >/dev/null
}

# Writes stdin to the given file name as root using sudo in append mode.
#
# $1 - The output file name.
sudo_append() {
  sudo tee -a "$1" >/dev/null
}

# Execute multiple commands in a single sudo. Generally will speed things
# up by avoiding multiple calls to `sudo`. If any commands fail, we will
# call die with the failing command. We can handle a max of ~100 commands,
# but hopefully no one will ever try that many at once.
#
# $@ - The commands to execute, one per arg.
sudo_multi() {
  local i cmds

  # Construct the shell code to execute. It'll be of the form:
  # ... && ( ( command ) || exit <command index> ) && ...
  # This way we know which command exited. The exit status of
  # the underlying command is lost, but we never cared about it
  # in the first place (other than it is non zero), so oh well.
  for (( i = 1; i <= $#; ++i )); do
    cmds+=" && ( ( ${!i} ) || exit $(( i + 10 )) )"
  done

  # Execute our constructed shell code.
  sudo -- sh -c ":${cmds[*]}" && i=0 || i=$?

  # See if this failed, and if so, print out the failing command.
  if [[ $i -gt 10 ]]; then
    : $(( i -= 10 ))
    die "sudo_multi failed: ${!i}"
  elif [[ $i -ne 0 ]]; then
    die "sudo_multi failed for unknown reason $i"
  fi
}

# Clears out stale shadow-utils locks in the given target root.
sudo_clear_shadow_locks() {
  info "Clearing shadow utils lockfiles under $1"
  sudo rm -f "$1/etc/"{passwd,group,shadow,gshadow}.lock*
}

# Writes stdin to the given file name as the sudo user in overwrite mode.
#
# $@ - The output file names.
user_clobber() {
  install -m644 -o ${SUDO_UID} -g ${SUDO_GID} /dev/stdin "$@"
}

# Copies the specified file owned by the user to the specified location.
# If the copy fails as root (e.g. due to root_squash and NFS), retry the copy
# with the user's account before failing.
user_cp() {
  cp -p "$@" 2>/dev/null || sudo -u ${SUDO_USER} -- cp -p "$@"
}

# Appends stdin to the given file name as the sudo user.
#
# $1 - The output file name.
user_append() {
  cat >> "$1"
  chown ${SUDO_UID}:${SUDO_GID} "$1"
}

# Create the specified directory, along with parents, as the sudo user.
#
# $@ - The directories to create.
user_mkdir() {
  install -o ${SUDO_UID} -g ${SUDO_GID} -d "$@"
}

# Create the specified symlink as the sudo user.
#
# $1 - Link target
# $2 - Link name
user_symlink() {
  ln -sfT "$1" "$2"
  chown -h ${SUDO_UID}:${SUDO_GID} "$2"
}

# Locate all mounts below a specified directory.
#
# $1 - The root tree.
sub_mounts() {
  # Assume that `mount` outputs a list of mount points in the order
  # that things were mounted (since it always has and hopefully always
  # will).  As such, we have to unmount in reverse order to cleanly
  # unmount submounts (think /dev/pts and /dev).
  awk -v path="$1" -v len="${#1}" \
    '(substr($2, 1, len) == path) { print $2 }' /proc/mounts | \
    tac | \
    sed -e 's/\\040(deleted)$//'
  # Hack(zbehan): If a bind mount's source is mysteriously removed,
  # we'd end up with an orphaned mount with the above string in its name.
  # It can only be seen through /proc/mounts and will stick around even
  # when it should be gone already. crosbug.com/31250
}

# Unmounts a directory, if the unmount fails, warn, and then lazily unmount.
#
# $1 - The path to unmount.
safe_umount_tree() {
  local mount_point="$1"

  local mounts=( $(sub_mounts "${mount_point}") )

  # Silently return if the mount_point was already unmounted.
  if [[ ${#mounts[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
    return 0
  fi

  # First try to unmount in one shot to speed things up.
  if LC_ALL=C safe_umount -d "${mounts[@]}"; then
      return 0
  fi

  # Well that didn't work, so lazy unmount remaining ones.
  warn "Failed to unmount ${mounts[@]}, these are the processes using the" \
    "mount points."
  sudo fuser -vm "${mount_point}" || true

  warn "Doing a lazy unmount"
  if ! safe_umount -d -l "${mounts[@]}"; then
    mounts=( $(sub_mounts "${mount_point}") )
    die "Failed to lazily unmount ${mounts[@]}"
  fi
}


# Run umount as root.
safe_umount() {
  $([[ ${UID:-$(id -u)} != 0 ]] && echo sudo) umount "$@"
}

# Run a command with sudo in a way that still preferentially uses files
# from au-generator.zip, but still finds things in /sbin and /usr/sbin when
# not using au-generator.zip.
au_generator_sudo() {
  # When searching for env, the unmodified path is used and env is potentially
  # found somewhere out in the system. env itself sees the modified PATH
  # and will find the command where we're telling it to. Running the command
  # directly without env will escape our constructed PATH.
  sudo -E PATH="${PATH}:/sbin:/usr/sbin" env "$@"
}

# Setup a loopback device for a file and scan for partitions, with retries.
#
# $1 - The file to back the new loopback device.
# $2-$N - Additional arguments to pass to losetup.
loopback_partscan() {
  local lb_dev image="$1"
  shift
  lb_dev=$(au_generator_sudo losetup --show -f "$@" "${image}")
  # Ignore problems deleting existing partitions. There shouldn't be any
  # which will upset partx, but that's actually ok.
  au_generator_sudo partx -d "${lb_dev}" 2>/dev/null || true
  au_generator_sudo partx -a "${lb_dev}"

  echo "${lb_dev}"
}

# Detach a loopback device set up earlier.
#
# $1 - The loop device to detach.
# $2-$N - Additional arguments to pass to losetup.
loopback_detach() {
  # Retry the deletes before we detach.  crbug.com/469259
  local i
  for (( i = 0; i < 10; i++ )); do
    if au_generator_sudo partx -d "$1"; then
      break
    fi
    warn "Sleeping & retrying ..."
    sync
    sleep 1
  done
  au_generator_sudo losetup --detach "$@"
}

# Get the size of a regular file or a block device.
#
# $1 - The regular file or block device to get the size of.
bd_safe_size() {
  local file="$1"
  if [[ -b "${file}" ]]; then
    sudo blockdev --getsize64 "${file}"
  else
    stat -c%s "${file}"
  fi
}

get_git_id() {
  git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT | sed -e 's/^.*<\(\S\+\)>.*$/\1/'
}

# Fixes symlinks that are incorrectly prefixed with the build root $1
# rather than the real running root '/'.
# TODO(sosa) - Merge setup - cleanup below with this method.
fix_broken_symlinks() {
  local build_root=$1
  local symlinks=$(find "${build_root}/usr/local" -lname "${build_root}/*")
  local symlink
  for symlink in ${symlinks}; do
    echo "Fixing ${symlink}"
    local target=$(ls -l "${symlink}" | cut -f 2 -d '>')
    # Trim spaces from target (bashism).
    target=${target/ /}
    # Make new target (removes rootfs prefix).
    new_target=$(echo ${target} | sed "s#${build_root}##")

    echo "Fixing symlink ${symlink}"
    sudo unlink "${symlink}"
    sudo ln -sf "${new_target}" "${symlink}"
  done
}

# Sets up symlinks for the developer root. It is necessary to symlink
# usr and local since the developer root is mounted at /usr/local and
# applications expect to be installed under /usr/local/bin, etc.
# This avoids packages installing into /usr/local/usr/local/bin.
# $1 specifies the symlink target for the developer root.
# $2 specifies the symlink target for the var directory.
# $3 specifies the location of the stateful partition.
setup_symlinks_on_root() {
  # Give args better names.
  local dev_image_target=$1
  local var_target=$2
  local dev_image_root="$3/dev_image"

  # If our var target is actually the standard var, we are cleaning up the
  # symlinks (could also check for /usr/local for the dev_image_target).
  if [[ ${var_target} == "/var" ]]; then
    echo "Cleaning up /usr/local symlinks for ${dev_image_root}"
  else
    echo "Setting up symlinks for /usr/local for ${dev_image_root}"
  fi

  # Set up symlinks that should point to ${dev_image_target}.
  local path
  for path in usr local; do
    if [[ -h ${dev_image_root}/${path} ]]; then
      sudo unlink "${dev_image_root}/${path}"
    elif [[ -e ${dev_image_root}/${path} ]]; then
      die "${dev_image_root}/${path} should be a symlink if exists"
    fi
    sudo ln -s "${dev_image_target}" "${dev_image_root}/${path}"
  done

  # Setup var symlink.
  if [[ -h ${dev_image_root}/var ]]; then
    sudo unlink "${dev_image_root}/var"
  elif [[ -e ${dev_image_root}/var ]]; then
    die "${dev_image_root}/var should be a symlink if it exists"
  fi

  sudo ln -s "${var_target}" "${dev_image_root}/var"
}

# These two helpers clobber the ro compat value in our root filesystem.
#
# When the system is built with --enable_rootfs_verification, bit-precise
# integrity checking is performed.  That precision poses a usability issue on
# systems that automount partitions with recognizable filesystems, such as
# ext2/3/4.  When the filesystem is mounted 'rw', ext2 metadata will be
# automatically updated even if no other writes are performed to the
# filesystem.  In addition, ext2+ does not support a "read-only" flag for a
# given filesystem.  That said, forward and backward compatibility of
# filesystem features are supported by tracking if a new feature breaks r/w or
# just write compatibility.  We abuse the read-only compatibility flag[1] in
# the filesystem header by setting the high order byte (le) to FF.  This tells
# the kernel that features R24-R31 are all enabled.  Since those features are
# undefined on all ext-based filesystem, all standard kernels will refuse to
# mount the filesystem as read-write -- only read-only[2].
#
# [1] 32-bit flag we are modifying:
#  https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/third_party/kernel.git/+/master/include/linux/ext2_fs.h#l417
# [2] Mount behavior is enforced here:
#  https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/third_party/kernel.git/+/master/ext2/super.c#l857
#
# N.B., if the high order feature bits are used in the future, we will need to
#       revisit this technique.
disable_rw_mount() {
  local rootfs=$1
  local offset="${2-0}"  # in bytes
  local ro_compat_offset=$((0x464 + 3))  # Set 'highest' byte
  is_ext_filesystem "${rootfs}" "${offset}" || return 0
  is_ext2_rw_mount_enabled "${rootfs}" "${offset}" || return 0

  make_block_device_rw "${rootfs}"
  printf '\377' |
    sudo dd of="${rootfs}" seek=$((offset + ro_compat_offset)) \
      conv=notrunc count=1 bs=1 status=none
}

enable_rw_mount() {
  local rootfs=$1
  local offset="${2-0}"
  local ro_compat_offset=$((0x464 + 3))  # Set 'highest' byte
  is_ext_filesystem "${rootfs}" "${offset}" || return 0
  is_ext2_rw_mount_enabled "${rootfs}" "${offset}" && return 0

  make_block_device_rw "${rootfs}"
  printf '\000' |
    sudo dd of="${rootfs}" seek=$((offset + ro_compat_offset)) \
      conv=notrunc count=1 bs=1 status=none
}

is_ext2_rw_mount_enabled() {
  local rootfs=$1
  local offset="${2-0}"
  local ro_compat_offset=$((0x464 + 3))  # Get 'highest' byte
  local ro_compat_flag=$(sudo dd if="${rootfs}" \
    skip=$((offset + ro_compat_offset)) bs=1 count=1  status=none \
    2>/dev/null | hexdump -e '1 "%.2x"')
  test "${ro_compat_flag}" = "00"
}

# Returns whether the passed rootfs is an extended filesystem by checking the
# ext2 s_magic field in the superblock.
is_ext_filesystem() {
  local rootfs=$1
  local offset="${2-0}"
  local ext_magic_offset=$((0x400 + 56))
  local ext_magic=$(sudo dd if="${rootfs}" \
    skip=$((offset + ext_magic_offset)) bs=1 count=2 2>/dev/null |
    hexdump -e '1/2 "%.4x"')
  test "${ext_magic}" = "ef53"
}

# If the passed argument is a block device, ensure it is writtable and make it
# writtable if not.
make_block_device_rw() {
  local block_dev="$1"
  [[ -b "${block_dev}" ]] || return 0
  if [[ $(sudo blockdev --getro "${block_dev}") == "1" ]]; then
    sudo blockdev --setrw "${block_dev}"
  fi
}

# Get current timestamp. Assumes common.sh runs at startup.
start_time=$(date +%s)

# Get time elapsed since start_time in seconds.
get_elapsed_seconds() {
  local end_time=$(date +%s)
  local elapsed_seconds=$(( end_time - start_time ))
  echo ${elapsed_seconds}
}

# Print time elapsed since start_time.
print_time_elapsed() {
  # Optional first arg to specify elapsed_seconds.  If not given, will
  # recalculate elapsed time to now.  Optional second arg to specify
  # command name associated with elapsed time.
  local elapsed_seconds=${1:-$(get_elapsed_seconds)}
  local cmd_base=${2:-}

  local minutes=$(( elapsed_seconds / 60 ))
  local seconds=$(( elapsed_seconds % 60 ))

  if [[ -n ${cmd_base} ]]; then
    info "Elapsed time (${cmd_base}): ${minutes}m${seconds}s"
  else
    info "Elapsed time: ${minutes}m${seconds}s"
  fi
}

# Associative array for filling in extra command-specific stats before
# calling command_completed.
declare -A EXTRA_COMMAND_STATS

# Save original command line.
command_line_arr=( "$0" "$@" )

command_completed() {
  # Call print_elapsed_time regardless.
  local run_time=$(get_elapsed_seconds)
  local cmd_base=$(basename "${command_line_arr[0]}")
  print_time_elapsed ${run_time} ${cmd_base}

  # Prepare command stats in an associative array.  Additional command-specific
  # stats can be added through EXTRA_COMMAND_STATS associative array.
  declare -A stats
  stats=(
    [cmd_line]=${command_line_arr[*]}
    [cmd_base]=${cmd_base}
    [cmd_args]=${command_line_arr[*]:1}
    [run_time]=${run_time}
    [username]=$(get_git_id)
    [board]=${FLAGS_board}
    [host]=$(hostname -f)
    [cpu_count]=$(grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo)
    [cpu_type]=$(uname -p)
  )

  local attr
  for attr in "${!EXTRA_COMMAND_STATS[@]}"; do
    stats[${attr}]=${EXTRA_COMMAND_STATS[${attr}]}
  done

  # Prepare temporary file for stats.
  local tmpfile=$(mktemp -t tmp.stats.XXXXXX)
  trap "rm -f '${tmpfile}'" EXIT

  # Write stats out to temporary file.
  echo "Chromium OS Build Command Stats - Version 1" > "${tmpfile}"
  for attr in "${!stats[@]}"; do
    echo "${attr} ${stats[${attr}]}"
  done >> "${tmpfile}"

  # Call upload_command_stats on the stats file.  If it fails do not stop.
  "${GCLIENT_ROOT}"/chromite/bin/upload_command_stats "${tmpfile}" || true

  rm "${tmpfile}"
  trap - EXIT
}

# The board and variant command line options can be used in a number of ways
# to specify the board and variant.  The board can encode both pieces of
# information separated by underscores.  Or the variant can be passed using
# the separate variant option.  This function extracts the canonical board and
# variant information and provides it in the BOARD, VARIANT and BOARD_VARIANT
# variables.
get_board_and_variant() {
  local flags_board=$1
  local flags_variant=$2
  local flags_brick=$3

  if [[ -n "${flags_brick}" ]]; then
    BOARD="$(cros_brick_utils --friendly-name ${flags_brick})"
    BOARD_VARIANT="${BOARD}"
    VARIANT=""
    return
  fi

  BOARD=$(echo "${flags_board}" | cut -d '_' -f 1)
  VARIANT=${flags_variant:-$(echo "${flags_board}" | cut -s -d '_' -f 2)}

  BOARD_VARIANT=${BOARD}
  if [[ -n ${VARIANT} ]]; then
    BOARD_VARIANT+="_${VARIANT}"
  fi
}

# Load a setting from the sysroot's standard configuration file,
# etc/make.conf.board_setup.
# $1 - Path to the sysroot.
# $2 - Variable to get.
get_sysroot_config() {
  local sysroot=$1
  local variable=$2
  local config_file="${sysroot%/}/etc/make.conf.board_setup"

  get_variable "${config_file}" "${variable}"
}

# Load a single variable from a bash file.
# $1 - Path to the file.
# $2 - Variable to get.
get_variable() {
  local filepath=$1
  local variable=$2
  local lockfile="${filepath}.lock"

  if [[ -e "${filepath}" ]]; then
    userowned_file "${lockfile}"
    (
      flock 201
      . "${filepath}"
      if [[ "${!variable+set}" == "set" ]]; then
        echo "${!variable}"
      fi
    ) 201>"${lockfile}"
  fi
}

# Set a single variable in a KEY=VALUE file.
# Note: the file is assumed to be owned by root.
# $1 - Path to the file.
# $2 - Variable to set.
# $3 - Value to set.
set_variable() {
  local filepath=$1
  local variable=$2
  local value=$3
  local lockfile="${filepath}.lock"

  userowned_file "${lockfile}"
  (
    flock 201
    sudo touch "${filepath}"
    sudo sed -i -e "/^${variable}=/d" "${filepath}"
    printf '\n%s="%s"\n' "${variable}" "${value}" | sudo_append "${filepath}"
  ) 201>"${lockfile}"
}

# Creates a user owned file.
# $1 - Path to the file.
userowned_file() {
  local filepath=$1

  if [[ ! -w "${filepath}" ]]; then
    cmds=(
      "mkdir -p '$(dirname "${filepath}")'"
      "touch '${filepath}'"
      "chown ${USER} '${filepath}'"
    )
    sudo_multi "${cmds[@]}"
  fi
}

# Load configuration files that allow board-specific overrides of default
# functionality to be specified in overlays.
# $1 - File to load.
load_board_specific_script() {
  local file=$1 overlay
  [[ $# -ne 1 ]] && die "load_board_specific_script requires exactly 1 param"
  for overlay in ${BOARD_OVERLAY}; do
    local setup_sh="${overlay}/scripts/${file}"
    if [[ -e ${setup_sh} ]]; then
      source "${setup_sh}"
    fi
  done
}

# Check that the specified file exists.  If the file path is empty or the file
# doesn't exist on the filesystem generate useful error messages.  Otherwise
# show the user the name and path of the file that will be used.  The padding
# parameter can be used to tabulate multiple name:path pairs.  For example:
#
# check_for_file "really long name" "...:" "file.foo"
# check_for_file "short name" ".........:" "another.bar"
#
# Results in the following output:
#
# Using really long name...: file.foo
# Using short name.........: another.bar
#
# If tabulation is not required then passing "" for padding generates the
# output "Using <name> <path>"
check_for_file() {
  local name=$1
  local padding=$2
  local path=$3

  if [[ -z ${path} ]]; then
    die "No ${name} file specified."
  fi

  if [[ ! -e ${path} ]]; then
    die "No ${name} file found at: ${path}"
  else
    info "Using ${name}${padding} ${path}"
  fi
}

# Check that the specified tool exists.  If it does not exist in the PATH
# generate a useful error message indicating how to install the ebuild
# that contains the required tool.
check_for_tool() {
  local tool=$1
  local ebuild=$2

  if ! which "${tool}" >/dev/null; then
    error "The ${tool} utility was not found in your path.  Run the following"
    error "command in your chroot to install it: sudo -E emerge ${ebuild}"
    exit 1
  fi
}

# Reinterprets path from outside the chroot for use inside.
# Returns "" if "" given.
# $1 - The path to reinterpret.
reinterpret_path_for_chroot() {
  if [[ ${INSIDE_CHROOT} -ne 1 ]]; then
    if [[ -z $1 ]]; then
      echo ""
    else
      local path_abs_path=$(readlink -f "$1")
      local gclient_root_abs_path=$(readlink -f "${GCLIENT_ROOT}")

      # Strip the repository root from the path.
      local relative_path=$(echo ${path_abs_path} \
          | sed "s:${gclient_root_abs_path}/::")

      if [[ ${relative_path} == "${path_abs_path}" ]]; then
        die "Error reinterpreting path.  Path $1 is not within source tree."
      fi

      # Prepend the chroot repository path.
      echo "/mnt/host/source/${relative_path}"
    fi
  else
    # Path is already inside the chroot :).
    echo "$1"
  fi
}

emerge_custom_kernel() {
  local install_root=$1
  local root=/build/${FLAGS_board}
  local tmp_pkgdir=${root}/custom-packages

  # Clean up any leftover state in custom directories.
  sudo rm -rf "${tmp_pkgdir}"

  # Update chromeos-initramfs to contain the latest binaries from the build
  # tree. This is basically just packaging up already-built binaries from
  # ${root}. We are careful not to muck with the existing prebuilts so that
  # prebuilts can be uploaded in parallel.
  # TODO(davidjames): Implement ABI deps so that chromeos-initramfs will be
  # rebuilt automatically when its dependencies change.
  sudo -E PKGDIR="${tmp_pkgdir}" ${EMERGE_BOARD_CMD} -1 \
    chromeos-base/chromeos-initramfs || die "Cannot emerge chromeos-initramfs"

  # Verify all dependencies of the kernel are installed. This should be a
  # no-op, but it's good to check in case a developer didn't run
  # build_packages.  We need the expand_virtual call to workaround a bug
  # in portage where it only installs the virtual pkg.
  local kernel=$(portageq-${FLAGS_board} expand_virtual ${root} \
                 virtual/linux-sources)
  sudo -E PKGDIR="${tmp_pkgdir}" ${EMERGE_BOARD_CMD} --onlydeps \
    ${kernel} || die "Cannot emerge kernel dependencies"

  # Build the kernel. This uses the standard root so that we can pick up the
  # initramfs from there. But we don't actually install the kernel to the
  # standard root, because that'll muck up the kernel debug symbols there,
  # which we want to upload in parallel.
  sudo -E PKGDIR="${tmp_pkgdir}" ${EMERGE_BOARD_CMD} --buildpkgonly \
    ${kernel} || die "Cannot emerge kernel"

  # Install the custom kernel to the provided install root.
  sudo -E PKGDIR="${tmp_pkgdir}" ${EMERGE_BOARD_CMD} --usepkgonly \
    --root=${install_root} ${kernel} || die "Cannot emerge kernel to root"
}

enable_strict_sudo() {
  if [[ -z ${CROS_SUDO_KEEP_ALIVE} ]]; then
    echo "$0 was somehow invoked in a way that the sudo keep alive could"
    echo "not be found.  Failing due to this.  See crosbug.com/18393."
    exit 126
  fi
  sudo() {
    $(type -P sudo) -n "$@"
  }
}

# Checks that stdin and stderr are both terminals.
# If so, we assume that there is a live user we can interact with.
# This check can be overridden by setting the CROS_NO_PROMPT environment
# variable to a non-empty value.
is_interactive() {
  [[ -z ${CROS_NO_PROMPT} && -t 0 && -t 2 ]]
}

assert_interactive() {
  if ! is_interactive; then
    die "Script ${0##*/} tried to get user input on a non-interactive terminal."
  fi
}

# Selection menu with a default option: this is similar to bash's select
# built-in, only that in case of an empty selection it'll return the default
# choice. Like select, it uses PS3 as the prompt.
#
# $1:   name of variable to be assigned the selected value; it better not be of
#       the form choose_foo to avoid conflict with local variables.
# $2:   default value to return in case of an empty user entry.
# $3:   value to return in case of an invalid choice.
# $...: options for selection.
#
# Usage example:
#
#  PS3="Select one [1]: "
#  choose reply "foo" "ERROR" "foo" "bar" "foobar"
#
# This will present the following menu and prompt:
#
#  1) foo
#  2) bar
#  3) foobar
#  Select one [1]:
#
# The return value will be stored in a variable named 'reply'. If the input is
# 1, 2 or 3, the return value will be "foo", "bar" or "foobar", respectively.
# If it is empty (i.e. the user clicked Enter) it will be "foo".  Anything else
# will return "ERROR".
choose() {
  typeset -i choose_i=1

  # Retrieve output variable name and default return value.
  local choose_reply=$1
  local choose_default=$2
  local choose_invalid=$3
  shift 3

  # Select a return value
  unset REPLY
  if [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; then
    assert_interactive

    # Actual options provided, present a menu and prompt for a choice.
    local choose_opt
    for choose_opt in "$@"; do
      echo "${choose_i}) ${choose_opt}" >&2
      : $(( ++choose_i ))
    done
    read -p "$PS3"
  fi
  # Filter out strings containing non-digits.
  if [[ ${REPLY} != "${REPLY%%[!0-9]*}" ]]; then
    REPLY=0
  fi
  choose_i="${REPLY}"

  if [[ ${choose_i} -ge 1 && ${choose_i} -le $# ]]; then
    # Valid choice, return the corresponding value.
    eval ${choose_reply}=\""${!choose_i}"\"
  elif [[ -z ${REPLY} ]]; then
    # Empty choice, return default value.
    eval ${choose_reply}=\""${choose_default}"\"
  else
    # Invalid choice, return corresponding value.
    eval ${choose_reply}=\""${choose_invalid}\""
  fi
}

# Display --help if requested. This is used to hide options from help
# that are not intended for developer use.
#
# How to use:
#  1) Declare the options that you want to appear in help.
#  2) Call this function.
#  3) Declare the options that you don't want to appear in help.
#
# See build_packages for example usage.
show_help_if_requested() {
  local opt
  for opt in "$@"; do
    if [[ ${opt} == "-h" || ${opt} == "--help" ]]; then
      flags_help
      exit 0
    fi
  done
}

switch_to_strict_mode() {
  # Set up strict execution mode; note that the trap
  # must follow switch_to_strict_mode, else it will have no effect.
  set -e
  trap 'die_err_trap' ERR
  if [[ $# -ne 0 ]]; then
    set "$@"
  fi
}

# TODO: Re-enable this once shflags is set -e safe.
#switch_to_strict_mode

okboat() {
  # http://www.chris.com/ascii/index.php?art=transportation/nautical
  echo -e "${V_BOLD_GREEN}"
  cat <<BOAT
    .  o ..
    o . o o.o
         ...oo_
           _[__\___
        __|_o_o_o_o\__
    OK  \' ' ' ' ' ' /
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
BOAT
  echo -e "${V_VIDOFF}"
}

failboat() {
  echo -e "${V_BOLD_RED}"
  cat <<BOAT
             '
        '    )
         ) (
        ( .')  __/\
          (.  /o/` \
           __/o/`   \
    FAIL  / /o/`    /
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
BOAT
  echo -e "${V_VIDOFF}"
  die "$* failed"
}