bisect_kit/git_util.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright 2017 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
# found in the LICENSE file.
"""Git utility."""

from __future__ import print_function
import bisect
import logging
import os
import re
import shutil
import stat
import subprocess
import time

from bisect_kit import cli
from bisect_kit import util

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

GIT_FULL_COMMIT_ID_LENGTH = 40

# Minimal acceptable length of git commit id.
#
# For chromium, hash collision rate over number of digits:
#   - 6 digits: 4.85%
#   - 7 digits: 0.32%
#   - 8 digits: 0.01%
# As foolproof check, 7 digits should be enough.
GIT_MIN_COMMIT_ID_LENGTH = 7


def is_git_rev(s):
  """Is a git hash-like version string.

  It accepts shortened hash with at least 7 digits.
  """
  if not GIT_MIN_COMMIT_ID_LENGTH <= len(s) <= GIT_FULL_COMMIT_ID_LENGTH:
    return False
  return bool(re.match(r'^[0-9a-f]+$', s))


def argtype_git_rev(s):
  """Validates git hash."""
  if not is_git_rev(s):
    msg = 'should be git hash, at least %d digits' % GIT_MIN_COMMIT_ID_LENGTH
    raise cli.ArgTypeError(msg, '1a2b3c4d5e')
  return s


def is_git_root(path):
  """Is given path root of git repo."""
  return os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, '.git'))


def is_git_bare_dir(path):
  """Is inside .git folder or bare git checkout."""
  if not os.path.isdir(path):
    return False
  try:
    return util.check_output(
        'git', 'rev-parse', '--is-bare-repository', cwd=path) == 'true\n'
  except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
    return False


def clone(git_repo, repo_url, reference=None):
  if not os.path.exists(git_repo):
    os.makedirs(git_repo)
  cmd = ['git', 'clone', repo_url, '.']
  if reference:
    cmd += ['--reference', reference]
  util.check_call(*cmd, cwd=git_repo)


def checkout_version(git_repo, rev):
  """git checkout.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    rev: git commit revision to checkout.
  """
  util.check_call('git', 'checkout', '-q', '-f', rev, cwd=git_repo)


def init(git_repo):
  """git init.

  git_repo and its parent directories will be created if they don't exist.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
  """
  if not os.path.exists(git_repo):
    os.makedirs(git_repo)

  util.check_call('git', 'init', '-q', cwd=git_repo)


def commit_file(git_repo,
                path,
                message,
                content,
                commit_time=None,
                author_time=None):
  """Commit a file.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo
    path: file path, relative to git_repo
    message: commit message
    content: file content
    commit_time: commit timestamp
    author_time: author timestamp
  """
  if author_time is None:
    author_time = commit_time

  env = {}
  if author_time:
    env['GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'] = str(author_time)
  if commit_time:
    env['GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'] = str(commit_time)

  full_path = os.path.join(git_repo, path)
  dirname = os.path.dirname(full_path)
  if not os.path.exists(dirname):
    os.makedirs(dirname)
  with open(full_path, 'w') as f:
    f.write(content)

  util.check_call('git', 'add', path, cwd=git_repo)
  util.check_call(
      'git', 'commit', '-q', '-m', message, path, cwd=git_repo, env=env)


def config(git_repo, *args):
  """Wrapper of 'git config'.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    args: parameters pass to 'git config'
  """
  util.check_call('git', 'config', *args, cwd=git_repo)


def fetch(git_repo, *args):
  """Wrapper of 'git fetch' with retry support.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    args: parameters pass to 'git fetch'
  """
  tries = 0
  while True:
    tries += 1
    stderr_lines = []
    try:
      util.check_call(
          'git',
          'fetch',
          *args,
          cwd=git_repo,
          stderr_callback=stderr_lines.append)
      return
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
      if tries >= 5:
        logger.error('git fetch failed too much times')
        raise
      stderr = ''.join(stderr_lines)
      # only retry 5xx internal server error
      if 'The requested URL returned error: 5' in stderr:
        delay = min(60, 10 * 2**tries)
        logger.warning('git fetch failed, will retry %s seconds later', delay)
        time.sleep(delay)
        continue
      raise


def _adjust_timestamp_increasingly(commits):
  """Adjust commit timestamps.

  After adjust, the timestamps are increasing.

  Args:
    commits: list of (timestamp, commit hash)

  Returns:
    (adjusted count, list of (timestamp, commit hash))
  """
  result = []
  adjusted = 0
  last_timestamp = -1
  for timestamp, git_rev in commits:
    if timestamp < last_timestamp:
      adjusted += 1
      timestamp = last_timestamp
    else:
      last_timestamp = timestamp
    result.append((timestamp, git_rev))
  return adjusted, result


class FastLookupFailed(Exception):
  """No data is cached for this query.

  The caller should fallback to the original operation.
  """


class FastLookupEntry:
  """Cached commits from one branch of given time period.

  With this class, we can look up commit via commit hash and timestamp fast.
  """

  def __init__(self, git_repo, branch):
    self.git_repo = git_repo
    self.branch = branch
    self.optimized_period = None
    self.cached = []
    self.commit_to_index = {}

  def optimize(self, period):
    assert period[0] <= period[1]
    if (self.optimized_period and self.optimized_period[0] <= period[0] and
        period[1] <= self.optimized_period[1]):
      # already done
      return

    self.cached = get_revlist_by_period(self.git_repo, self.branch, period)
    self.optimized_period = period

    # Adjust timestamps, so we can do binary search by timestamp
    _adjusted, self.cached = _adjust_timestamp_increasingly(self.cached)

    self.commit_to_index = {}
    for i, (_timestamp, rev) in enumerate(self.cached):
      self.commit_to_index[rev] = i

  def get_rev_by_time(self, timestamp):
    if not self.optimized_period[0] <= timestamp <= self.optimized_period[1]:
      raise FastLookupFailed

    # Note that, the return value might be different as "git rev-list" if the
    # actual commit timestamps are not fully increasing.
    x = (timestamp, '')
    idx = bisect.bisect_right(self.cached, x)
    if idx == 0 and timestamp < self.cached[0][0]:
      return None
    if idx == len(self.cached) or self.cached[idx][0] != timestamp:
      idx -= 1
    return self.cached[idx][1]

  def is_containing_commit(self, rev):
    if rev in self.commit_to_index:
      return True
    raise FastLookupFailed

  def is_ancestor_commit(self, old, new):
    old_idx = self.commit_to_index.get(old)
    new_idx = self.commit_to_index.get(new)
    if old_idx is not None and new_idx is not None:
      return old_idx < new_idx
    raise FastLookupFailed


class FastLookup:
  """Collection of FastLookupEntry"""

  def __init__(self):
    self.entries = {}
    self.target_period = None

  def optimize(self, period):
    self.target_period = period

  def disable(self):
    self.target_period = None
    self.entries = {}

  def get_rev_by_time(self, git_repo, timestamp, branch):
    if not self.target_period:
      raise FastLookupFailed
    if not self.target_period[0] <= timestamp <= self.target_period[1]:
      raise FastLookupFailed

    if git_repo not in self.entries:
      self.entries[git_repo] = {}
    if branch not in self.entries[git_repo]:
      self.entries[git_repo][branch] = FastLookupEntry(git_repo, branch)
    entry = self.entries[git_repo][branch]
    entry.optimize(self.target_period)
    return entry.get_rev_by_time(timestamp)

  def is_containing_commit(self, git_repo, rev):
    # This function is optimized only after get_rev_by_time() is invoked.
    if git_repo not in self.entries:
      raise FastLookupFailed

    for entry in self.entries[git_repo].values():
      try:
        return entry.is_containing_commit(rev)
      except FastLookupFailed:
        pass
    raise FastLookupFailed

  def is_ancestor_commit(self, git_repo, old, new):
    # This function is optimized only after get_rev_by_time() is invoked.
    if git_repo not in self.entries:
      raise FastLookupFailed

    for entry in self.entries[git_repo].values():
      try:
        return entry.is_ancestor_commit(old, new)
      except FastLookupFailed:
        pass
    raise FastLookupFailed


fast_lookup = FastLookup()


def is_containing_commit(git_repo, rev):
  """Determines given commit exists.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    rev: git commit revision in query.

  Returns:
    True if rev is inside given git repo. If git_repo is not a git folder,
    returns False as well.
  """
  try:
    return fast_lookup.is_containing_commit(git_repo, rev)
  except FastLookupFailed:
    pass

  try:
    return util.check_output(
        'git', 'cat-file', '-t', rev, cwd=git_repo) == 'commit\n'
  except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
    return False
  except OSError:
    return False


def is_ancestor_commit(git_repo, old, new):
  """Determines `old` commit is ancestor of `new` commit.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    old: the ancestor commit.
    new: the descendant commit.

  Returns:
    True only if `old` is the ancestor of `new`. One commit is not considered
    as ancestor of itself.
  """
  try:
    return fast_lookup.is_ancestor_commit(git_repo, old, new)
  except FastLookupFailed:
    pass

  return util.check_output(
      'git',
      'rev-list',
      '--ancestry-path',
      '-1',
      '%s..%s' % (old, new),
      cwd=git_repo) != ''


def get_commit_metadata(git_repo, rev):
  """Get metadata of given commit.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    rev: git commit revision in query.

  Returns:
    dict of metadata, including (if available):
      tree: hash of git tree object
      parent: list of parent commits; this field is unavailable for the very
          first commit of git repo.
      author: name and email of author
      author_time: author timestamp (without timezone information)
      committer: name and email of committer
      committer_time: commit timestamp (without timezone information)
      message: commit message text
  """
  meta = {}
  data = util.check_output(
      'git', 'cat-file', '-p', rev, cwd=git_repo, log_stdout=False)
  header, meta['message'] = data.split('\n\n', 1)
  for line in header.splitlines():
    m = re.match(r'^tree (\w+)', line)
    if m:
      meta['tree'] = m.group(1)
      continue

    m = re.match(r'^parent (\w+)', line)
    if m:
      meta['parent'] = line.split()[1:]
      continue

    m = re.match(r'^(author|committer) (.*) (\d+) (\S+)$', line)
    if m:
      meta[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
      meta['%s_time' % m.group(1)] = int(m.group(3))
      continue
  return meta


def get_revlist(git_repo, old, new):
  """Enumerates git commit between two revisions (inclusive).

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    old: git commit revision.
    new: git commit revision.

  Returns:
    list of git revisions. The list contains the input revisions, old and new.
  """
  assert old
  assert new
  cmd = ['git', 'rev-list', '--reverse', '%s^..%s' % (old, new)]
  revlist = util.check_output(*cmd, cwd=git_repo).splitlines()
  return revlist


def get_commit_log(git_repo, rev):
  """Get git commit log.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    rev: git commit revision.

  Returns:
    commit log message
  """
  cmd = ['git', 'log', '-1', '--format=%B', rev]
  msg = util.check_output(*cmd, cwd=git_repo)
  return msg


def get_commit_hash(git_repo, rev):
  """Get git commit hash.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    rev: could be git tag, branch, or (shortened) commit hash

  Returns:
    full git commit hash

  Raises:
    ValueError: `rev` is not unique or doesn't exist
  """
  try:
    # Use '^{commit}' to restrict search only commits.
    # Use '--' to avoid ambiguity, like matching rev against path name.
    output = util.check_output(
        'git', 'rev-parse', '%s^{commit}' % rev, '--', cwd=git_repo)
    git_rev = output.rstrip('-\n')
  except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
    # Do not use 'git rev-parse --disambiguate' to determine uniqueness
    # because it searches objects other than commits as well.
    raise ValueError('%s is not unique or does not exist' % rev)
  assert is_git_rev(git_rev)
  return git_rev


def get_commit_time(git_repo, rev, path=None):
  """Get git commit timestamp.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo
    rev: git commit id, branch name, tag name, or other git object
    path: path, relative to git_repo

  Returns:
    timestamp (int)
  """
  cmd = ['git', 'log', '-1', '--format=%ct', rev]
  if path:
    cmd += ['--', path]
  line = util.check_output(*cmd, cwd=git_repo)
  return int(line)


def is_symbolic_link(git_repo, rev, path):
  """Check if a file is symbolic link.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo
    rev: git commit id
    path: file path

  Returns:
    True if the specified file is a symbolic link in repo.

  Raises:
    ValueError if not found
  """
  # format: 120000 blob 8735a8c1dd96ede39a21d983d5c96792fd15c1a5 default.xml
  # TODO(kcwu): handle escaped path with special characters
  splitted = util.check_output(
      'git', 'ls-tree', rev, '--full-name', path, cwd=git_repo).split()
  if len(splitted) >= 4 and splitted[3] == path:
    return stat.S_ISLNK(int(splitted[0], 8))

  raise ValueError('file %s is not found in repo:%s rev:%s' %
                   (path, git_repo, rev))


def get_file_from_revision(git_repo, rev, path):
  """Get file content of given revision.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo
    rev: git commit id
    path: file path

  Returns:
    file content (str)
  """
  result = util.check_output(
      'git', 'show', '%s:%s' % (rev, path), cwd=git_repo, log_stdout=False)

  # It might be a symbolic link.
  # In extreme case, it's possible that filenames contain special characters,
  # like newlines. In practice, it should be safe to assume no such cases and
  # reduce disk i/o.
  if '\n' not in result and is_symbolic_link(git_repo, rev, path):
    return get_file_from_revision(git_repo, rev, result)

  return result


def list_dir_from_revision(git_repo, rev, path):
  """Lists entries of directory of given revision.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo
    rev: git commit id
    path: directory path, relative to git root

  Returns:
    list of names

  Raises:
    subprocess.CalledProcessError: if `path` doesn't exists in `rev`
  """
  return util.check_output(
      'git',
      'ls-tree',
      '--name-only',
      '%s:%s' % (rev, path),
      cwd=git_repo,
      log_stdout=False).splitlines()


def get_rev_by_time(git_repo, timestamp, branch, path=None):
  """Query commit of given time.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    timestamp: timestamp
    branch: only query parent of the `branch`. If branch=None, it means 'HEAD'
        (current branch, usually).
    path: only query history of path, relative to git_repo

  Returns:
    git commit hash. None if path didn't exist at the given time.
  """
  if not branch:
    branch = 'HEAD'

  if not path:
    try:
      return fast_lookup.get_rev_by_time(git_repo, timestamp, branch)
    except FastLookupFailed:
      pass

  cmd = [
      'git',
      'rev-list',
      '--first-parent',
      '-1',
      '--before',
      str(timestamp),
      branch,
  ]
  if path:
    cmd += ['--', path]

  result = util.check_output(*cmd, cwd=git_repo).strip()
  return result or None


def get_revlist_by_period(git_repo, branch, period):
  # Find the last commit before period[0].
  text = util.check_output(
      'git',
      'rev-list',
      '--timestamp',
      '-1',
      '--before',
      str(period[0] - 1),
      branch,
      cwd=git_repo)

  # Find commits in the period.
  text += util.check_output(
      'git',
      'rev-list',
      '--timestamp',
      '--reverse',
      '--after',
      str(period[0]),
      '--before',
      str(period[1]),
      branch,
      cwd=git_repo)

  result = []
  for line in text.splitlines():
    timestamp, commit = line.split()
    result.append((int(timestamp), commit))
  return result


def reset_hard(git_repo):
  """Restore modified and deleted files.

  This is simply wrapper of "git reset --hard".

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
  """
  util.check_call('git', 'reset', '--hard', cwd=git_repo)


def list_untracked(git_repo, excludes=None):
  """List untracked files and directories.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    excludes: files and/or directories to ignore, relative to git_repo

  Returns:
    list of paths, relative to git_repo
  """
  exclude_flags = []
  if excludes:
    for exclude in excludes:
      assert not os.path.isabs(exclude), 'should be relative'
      exclude_flags += ['--exclude', '/' + re.escape(exclude)]

  result = []
  for path in util.check_output(
      'git',
      'ls-files',
      '--others',
      '--exclude-standard',
      *exclude_flags,
      cwd=git_repo).splitlines():
    # Remove the trailing slash, which means directory.
    path = path.rstrip('/')
    result.append(path)
  return result


def distclean(git_repo, excludes=None):
  """Clean up git repo directory.

  Restore modified and deleted files. Delete untracked files.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    excludes: files and/or directories to ignore, relative to git_repo
  """
  reset_hard(git_repo)

  # Delete untracked files.
  for untracked in list_untracked(git_repo, excludes=excludes):
    path = os.path.join(git_repo, untracked)
    logger.debug('delete untracked: %s', path)
    if os.path.islink(path):
      os.unlink(path)
    elif os.path.isdir(path):
      shutil.rmtree(path)
    else:
      os.unlink(path)


def get_history(git_repo,
                path=None,
                branch=None,
                after=None,
                before=None,
                padding_begin=False,
                padding_end=False,
                with_subject=False):
  """Get commit history of given path.

  `after` and `before` could be outside of lifetime of `path`. `padding` is
  used to control what to return for such cases.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    path: path to query, relative to git_repo
    branch: branch name or ref name
    after: limit history after given time (inclusive)
    before: limit history before given time (inclusive)
    padding_begin: If True, pads returned result with dummy record at exact
        'after' time, if 'path' existed at that time.
    padding_end: If True, pads returned result with dummy record at exact
        'before' time, if 'path' existed at that time.
    with_subject: If True, return commit subject together

  Returns:
    List of (timestamp, git hash, subject); or (timestamp, git hash) depends
    on with_subject flag. They are all events when `path` was added, removed,
    modified, and start and end time if `padding` is true. If `padding` and
    `with_subject` are both true, 'dummy subject' will be returned as padding
    history's subject.

    For each pair, at `timestamp`, the repo state is `git hash`. In other
    words, `timestamp` is not necessary the commit time of `git hash` for the
    padded entries.
  """
  log_format = '%ct %H' if not with_subject else '%ct %H %s'
  cmd = ['git', 'log', '--reverse', '--first-parent', '--format=' + log_format]
  if after:
    cmd += ['--after', str(after)]
  if before:
    cmd += ['--before', str(before)]
  if branch:
    assert not is_git_rev(branch)
    cmd += [branch]
  if path:
    # '--' is necessary otherwise if `path` is removed in current revision, git
    # will complain it's an ambiguous argument which may be path or something
    # else (like git branch name, tag name, etc.)
    cmd += ['--', path]

  result = []
  for line in util.check_output(*cmd, cwd=git_repo).splitlines():
    # array = [timestamp, git_rev, subject] or [timestamp, git_rev]
    array = line.split(' ', 2)
    array[0] = int(array[0])
    result.append(tuple(array))

  if padding_begin or padding_end:
    history = [0, '']
    if with_subject:
      history.append('dummy subject')

  if padding_end:
    assert before, 'padding_end=True make no sense if before=None'
    if get_rev_by_time(git_repo, before, branch, path=path):
      before = int(before)
      if not result or result[-1][0] != before:
        git_rev = get_rev_by_time(git_repo, before, branch)
        assert git_rev
        history[0:2] = [before, git_rev]
        result.append(tuple(history))

  if padding_begin:
    assert after, 'padding_begin=True make no sense if after=None'
    if get_rev_by_time(git_repo, after, branch, path=path):
      after = int(after)
      if not result or result[0][0] != after:
        git_rev = get_rev_by_time(git_repo, after, branch)
        assert git_rev
        history[0:2] = [after, git_rev]
        result.insert(0, tuple(history))

  return result


def get_history_recursively(git_repo,
                            path,
                            after,
                            before,
                            parser_callback,
                            padding_end=True,
                            branch=None):
  """Get commit history of given path and its dependencies.

  In comparison to get_history(), get_history_recursively also takes
  dependencies into consideration. For example, if file A referenced file B,
  get_history_recursively(A) will return commits of B in addition to A. This
  applies recursively, so commits of C will be included if file B referenced
  file C, and so on.

  This function is file type neutral. `parser_callback(filename, content)` will
  be invoked to parse file content and should return list of filename of
  dependencies. If `parser_callback` returns None (usually syntax error), the
  commit is omitted.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo
    path: path to query, relative to git_repo
    after: limit history after given time (inclusive)
    before: limit history before given time (inclusive)
    parser_callback: callback to parse file content. See above comment.
    padding_end: If True, pads returned result with dummy record at exact
        'after' time, if 'path' existed at that time.
    branch: branch name or ref name

  Returns:
    list of (commit timestamp, git hash)
  """
  history = get_history(
      git_repo,
      path,
      after=after,
      before=before,
      padding_begin=True,
      branch=branch)

  # Collect include information of each commit.
  includes = {}
  for commit_time, git_rev in history:
    content = get_file_from_revision(git_repo, git_rev, path)
    parse_result = parser_callback(path, content)
    if parse_result is None:
      continue
    for include_name in parse_result:
      if include_name not in includes:
        includes[include_name] = set()
      includes[include_name].add(git_rev)

  # Analyze the start time and end time of each include.
  dependencies = []
  for include in includes:
    appeared = None
    for commit_time, git_rev in history:
      if git_rev in includes[include]:
        if not appeared:
          appeared = commit_time
      else:
        if appeared:
          # dependency file exists in time range [appeared, commit_time)
          dependencies.append((include, appeared, commit_time - 1))
          appeared = None

    if appeared is not None:
      dependencies.append((include, appeared, before))

  # Recursion and merge.
  result = list(history)
  for include, appeared, disappeared in dependencies:
    result += get_history_recursively(
        git_repo,
        include,
        appeared,
        disappeared,
        parser_callback,
        padding_end=False,
        branch=branch)

  # Sort and padding.
  result.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
  if padding_end:
    pad = (before,)
    pad += result[-1][1:]
    result.append(pad)

  # Dedup.
  result2 = []
  for x in result:
    if result2 and result2[-1] == x:
      continue
    result2.append(x)

  return result2


def get_branches(git_repo, all_branches=True, commit=None):
  """Get branches of a repository.

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo
    all_branches: return remote branches if is set to True
    commit: return branches containing this commit if is not None

  Returns:
    list of branch names
  """
  cmd = ['git', 'branch', '--format=%(refname)']
  if all_branches:
    cmd += ['-a']
  if commit:
    cmd += ['--contains', commit]

  result = []
  for line in util.check_output(*cmd, cwd=git_repo).splitlines():
    result.append(line.strip())
  return result


def list_commits_between_commits(git_repo, old, new):
  """Get all commits between (old, new].

  Args:
    git_repo: path of git repo.
    old: old commit hash (exclusive)
    new: new commit hash (inclusive)

  Returns:
    list of (timestamp, rev)
  """
  assert old and new
  if old == new:
    return []

  assert is_ancestor_commit(git_repo, old, new)
  commits = []
  # --first-parent is necessary for Android, see following link for more
  # discussion.
  # https://docs.google.com/document/d/1c8qiq14_ObRRjLT62sk9r5V5cyCGHX66dLYab4MVnks/edit#heading=h.n3i6mt2n6xuu
  for line in util.check_output(
      'git',
      'rev-list',
      '--timestamp',
      '--reverse',
      '--first-parent',
      '%s..%s' % (old, new),
      cwd=git_repo).splitlines():
    timestamp, git_rev = line.split()
    commits.append((int(timestamp), git_rev))

  # bisect-kit has a fundamental assumption that commit timestamps are
  # increasing because we sort and bisect the commits by timestamp across git
  # repos. If not increasing, we have to adjust the timestamp as workaround.
  # This might lead to bad bisect result, however the bad probability is low in
  # practice since most machines' clocks are good enough.
  adjusted, commits = _adjust_timestamp_increasingly(commits)
  if adjusted != 0:
    logger.warning('Commit timestamps are not increasing')
    logger.warning('%d timestamps adjusted', adjusted)

  return commits